sent down from heaven, and that no alterations had been made in them, but that the Jews were wont to deceive the people by unsound arguments, and by wresting the sense of Scripture.
Sháh Walí Ullah, in his commentary, the Fauz-ul-Kabír, and also Ibn ʾAbbás, support the same view.
This appears to be the correct interpretation of the various verses of the Qurán charging the Jews with having corrupted the meaning of the sacred Scriptures.
For example, Surat-i-A′l-i-Imrám (iii.), 78: "There are certainly some of them who read the Scriptures perversely, that ye may think what they read to be really in the Scriptures, yet it is not in the Scriptures; and they say this is from God, but it is not from God; and they speak that which is false concerning God against their own knowledge."
Imám Fakhar-ud-dín, in his commentary on this verse, and many others of the same character which occur in the Qurán, says it refers to a Tahríf-i-Mʾanawí, and that it does not mean that the Jews altered the text, but
