246 ESSAYS AND LETTERS
That horrible measure, outraging all man's best feel- ings in the grossest manner, was, under the influence of patriotism, acquiesced in without murmur by the people of Germany. It resulted in their victory over the French. That victory yet further excited the patriotism of Germany, and, by reaction, that of France, Russia, and the other Powers ; and the men of the European countries unresistingly submitted to the in- troduction of general military service — i.e., to a state of slavery involving a degree of humiliation and sub- mission incomparably worse than any slavery of the ancient world. After this servile submission of the masses to the calls of patriotism, the audacity, cruelty, and insanity of the Governments knew no bounds. A competition in the usurpation of other peoples' lands in Asia, Africa, and America began — evoked partly by whim, partly by vanity, and partly by covetousness — and was accompanied by ever greater and greater distrust and enmity between the Governments.
The destruction of the inhabitants on the lands seized was accepted as a quite natural proceeding. The only question was, who should be first in seizing other peoples' land and destroying the inhabitants.'^ All the Governments not only most evidently infringed, and are infringing, the elementary demands of justice in relation to the conquered peoples, and in relation to one another, but they were guilty, and continue to be guilty, of every kind of cheating, swindling, bribing, fraud, spying, robbery, and murder ; and the peoples not only sympathized, and still sjniipathize, with them in all this, but they rejoice wlien it is their own Govern- ment and not another Government that commits such crimes.
The mutual enmity between the different peoples and States has reached latterly such amazing dimensions that, notwithstanding the fact that there is no reason why one State should attack another, everyone knows that all the Governments stand with their claws out and showing their teeth, and only waiting for someone
