In the specimens of a plant lately sent from Brazil by Mr. Sellow, I observe a similar economy. In this case the ovarium, which is originally unilocular with five parietal placentæ, soon after fecundation opens regularly into five equal foliaceous valves, to the inner surface of each of which an indefinite number of ovula are attached.
The genus Reseda, whose capsule opens at top at a very early period, may be considered as affording another instance, though much less remarkable, of the same anomaly. And it is possible this may be the real structure in certain cases of which a very different view has been taken.
In the instances of naked seeds now given, the bursting of the pericarpium precedes the distinct formation of the embryo, while the proper coats of the seed remain entire till after its separation from the parent plant, and germination has commenced.
It may not be uninteresting to contrast this economy with that of the Mangroves and other plants of tropical countries, which grow on the shores, and within the influence of the tide. In many of these the embryo, long before the seed loses its original attachment, acquires a very considerable size; and the first effect of this unusual development is the rupture, in most cases succeeded by the complete absorption or disappearance, of the proper integument of the seed. In some instances the development proceeds still further, and the pericarpium itself is perforated by the embryo, which, while preserving its connexion with the parent plant, often attains the length of from eighteen inches to two feet. This happens in Rhizophora and Bruguiera, or the Mangroves properly so called. In some of the spurious Mangroves, as Avicennia and Ægiceras, a lesser degree of development takes place, and in general their pericarpia remain entire till they have dropped from the tree. In both cases the final cause of the economy is suffi-
ciently
