be seen in the north-east corner of my great northern trench (see V on Plan III. in Ilios). This singular house-floor must naturally have belonged to one of the first buildings of the second inhabitants here.
These people surrounded their settlement on the hill of Hissarlik with a large fortress-wall, which is preserved on the south and south-west sides, and served as the substruction of a large brick wall. It consists of quarry-stones, on an average 0.45 m. long by 0.25 m. broad, which are somewhat irregularly joined in easily recognisable horizontal courses, without any binding material. It is represented with dark colour on Plan VII. in this work. Very remarkable is the excellently preserved southern part of this great fortress-wall, which is marked c on Plan VII. in this volume, as well as on Plan I., and on the engraving, No. 144, p. 264, in Ilios, and which we have now brought to light for a considerable distance further in a north-easterly direction; because, as is proved by the later erected wall b, it evidently belongs to the first period in the history of the second city, and has a tower (marked O on Plan VII.), which corresponds with the tower o w at the north-west corner of the great southern gate NF, as well as with the two towers, p and p w, to the north-west of the gate F M and R C (see Plan VII.). It is impossible to say how the upper part of this wall may have been constructed, for we have not found the slightest vestige of it. The upper part was probably demolished by the second settlers themselves, who filled up the inward projecting angle of their Acropolis by erecting the new great wall b (see, Plan VII. in this volume, and Plan I. and engraving No. 144 in Ilios). The demolition of the upper part of the wall c cannot have taken place in the great catastrophe, for the great hollow between the walls c and b does not contain any débris of bricks, but only the black earth and gravel with which it had been filled up. The front of the wall c slants at an angle of 45°; the other side is vertical.
