below the surface of the hill. Whilst the south-western gate is on the level of the Acropolis, and its ramp-like road (T U) paved with large slabs ascends from the lower city, the southern gate has been erected at the foot of the Acropolis hill, and the road, which leads through it, and the surface of which consists of beaten clay, commences only in the interior of the Pergamos to ascend gently to the level, which is 4 m. higher. The surface can be easily recognized by the charcoal with which it is invariably covered. As may be seen from the accompanying sketch, No. 18, the ground plan of this gate forms a rectangle 40 m. long by 18 m. broad, which projects for about 18 m. from the Acropolis wall. From the massive walls (x g on Plan VII. and engraving No. 18), which consist of calcareous quarry-stones, and are on each side about 7.50 m. thick by 4 m. high, as well as from the broken bricks and burnt wooden beams with which the whole gate-road was filled, we may conclude with certainty that these walls were mere substructions, and were surmounted by an enormous upper building of bricks and wood, of whose shape and construction, of course, we have no knowledge. But the substructions, with the far-extending gateway, are almost perfectly preserved. The bricks, with which the gateway was filled, had the same height as the bricks of the edifice B, namely, 0,085 mm.; their breadth is 0,305 mm. Without supposing the existence of such an upper edifice we could not explain the heat which has prevailed here, and which has been so intense that many stones have been burnt to lime, while the pottery has either crumbled away or melted into shapeless masses.
Having passed the gate proper (f y on Plan VII. and the engraving No. 18), which had probably a double portal, one enters into the long gallery N F, which is 3.50 m. broad, and leads up to the higher plateau crowned by the principal edifices of the Acropolis. The southern portions of its lateral walls (x g on No. 18 and Plan VII.) are built
