came to the same conclusion regarding a ruin near here which I explored last summer.
"The place, 50 miles east of here, on the way to Milwaukee, is called Aztulan. At that point about 18 acres were inclosed by a breast-work forming three sides of a parallelogram, the fourth side lying along a stream too deep to ford. There were 33 projections, considered flanking towers. The wall, when discovered in 1836, was about 4 feet high. It seems to have been once higher. The ground was first heaped up—and then coated with clay; the clods matted and massed together with the coarse prairie grass and bushes. Over all similar grass and bushes were piled and set on fire. The clay, of course, became brick, or an incrustation of brick. The soil still abounds in brick fragments, though the ploughshare has already for forty years been destroying this grand unique relic of some prehistoric race.
"This 'ancient city,' as it is locally styled, was first described in the Milwaukee Advertiser in 1837, in the American Journal of Science, New Haven, 1842, vol. xliv. p. 21, and more fully in 1855 by Lapham, in the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. vii. pp. 41–51.
"No explorer before myself, last May, appears to have felt that the brick or terra-cotta crust was baked in situ, as you describe the walls of Troy. An article of mine was published in the State Journal of this city, May, 22, 1882. I stated that one fragment I brought away had a stick an inch thick in the middle of it burned to charcoal, and that every bit of the terra-cotta showed holes where the sedge from the river bank had been mixed with the clay to help in burning it to brick."
The destruction of the third settlement was not total, for its city-wall and its house-walls have remained standing to a considerable height down to the present time.
Though we see traces of fire in several houses of the third settlement, yet nothing here testifies to a catastrophe such as took place in the second city, where all the edifices were destroyed to the very foundations, and only the thick walls of the temples, the citadel-wall, and perhaps the lateral walls of the gateways, have partly escaped destruction.
As explained in the preceding pages, my collaborators at Troy in 1879 agreed with me in attributing erroneously to the second city only the strata of débris, from 3 to 4 mètres thick, which succeed to the layer of ruins of the first city, and which we now find to have been artificially heaped up by the inhabitants of the second city to make a great "planum" for their Pergamos. Consequently the
