of quarry-stones, which probably projected partly above. the floors, to prevent the disintegration to which the lower parts of the walls were most exposed. As no traces of tiles have been found, all the houses in this settlement also must have had horizontal roofs of wood, reeds, and clay.
The fifth settlers cannot have used the old fortification walls, for the accumulation of débris had been so great that those walls were completely buried. Although my architects have not succeeded in finding a fortification-wall which could with certainty be attributed to the fifth settlement, yet we have brought to light in two places a citadel-wall of large rudely-wrought calcareous blocks, which we can, at least with the highest probability, indicate as the wall of the fifth city. This wall is now visible, first, in the great north-west trench (n z on Plan VII. in this work and Z'–O on Plan I. in Ilios); and, again, at the northeastern end of the great north-eastern trench (SS on Plan VII.). We struck it immediately below the Roman and Greek foundations, at a depth of about 2 m. below the surface of the ground, and excavated it to a depth of 6 m. As before mentioned, it is distinguished by its masonry from the fortification-walls of the more ancient prehistoric cities, for it consists of long plate-like slabs, joined in the most solid way without cement or lime, which have very large dimensions, particularly in the lower part, whilst the lowest part of the walls of the second city consists of smaller stones of rather a cubical shape. The accompanying woodcut, No. 99, gives a good view of this wall of the fifth city, as it was brought to light in the great northeastern trench (SS on Plan VII.). It deserves attention that this wall is outside and to the north-east of the Acropolis of the second city, in fact near the north-east end of the Greek and Roman Acropolis of Ilium.
The objects of human industry found were of the same kind as those described and represented on pp. 573–586 in Ilios; I have no new types to record, except two vases with
