of Reggio and Parma; others, found among the ancient ruins in Chaldæa, are in the small Chaldæan Collection in the Louvre.
I also collected a large number of saddle-querns of trachyte, like those represented in Ilios, p. 234, Nos. 74, 75, and p. 447, No. 678, which abound in all the four lower prehistoric cities of Troy. Besides the places mentioned at p. 234 in Ilios, they are also frequent in the terramare of the Emilia, and a large number of them may be seen in the Museums of Reggio and Parma; others, found in the "Caverna delle Arene Candide," near Genoa, are in the Museo Nazionale in the Collegio Romano at Rome. Six similar saddle-querns of ferruginous sandstone are in the Museum of Saint Germain-en-Laye; the Prehistoric Museum of Geneva contains four, which were found in the Swiss lake dwellings. Many similar saddle-querns of trachyte have recently been found in the lowest layers of débris in the Acropolis of Athens.
In Ilios (pp. 234, 235) I have already explained the fact that the grain was bruised between the flat sides of two of these querns, but that only a kind of groats, not flour, could have been produced in this way, and that the bruised grain could not have been used for making regular bread. I have further pointed out that in Homer we find it used as porridge,[1] and also for sprinkling on roasted meat.[2] I may add that, according to another passage in Homer, it was used as an ingredient of a peculiar mixed beverage, which Hecamedé prepares in the tent of Nestor, of Pramnian wine, rasped goat's-cheese, and barley-meal (ἄλφιτα).[3] Although no regular bread, such as we have, can be made of bruised grain, yet something must have been prepared
- ↑ Il. XVIII., 558–560.
- ↑ Od. XIV., 76, 77.
- ↑ Il. XI., 638–640:
ἐν τῷ ῥά σφι κύκησε γυνὴ εἰκυῖα θεῆσιν,οἴνῳ Πραμνείῳ, ἐπὶ δ' αἴγειον κνῆ τυρόνκνήστι χαλκείν, ἐπὶ δ᾽ ἄλφιτα λευκὰ πάλυνεν
