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London is counted to be in 51 degrees 32 minutes, the pole thereof being exalted as much. The like is to be observed in any other place or region.
Longitude of the earth is the outside thereof, extending from west to east, crossing the latitude at right angles; the beginning of which (according to some astronomers) is the Canary Isles, so going eastward quite round the world, unto the same place again, which is 360 degrees; and under the equinoctial is reputed to be 29,600 miles, reckoning 60 miles to a degree; but the farther off the equinoctial the fewer miles in a degree; for at London about 37 make a degree of longtitude, so these degrees grow less and less until they meet at the latitude of 90, that is under the poles.
Parallels—the lines straight and circular, equally distant from each other, as the equinox, tropics, degrees of latitude, etc.
Climate, or clime, is such a space of earth comprehended between two parallels, in which space there is half an hour difference in the sundials and length of the days.
Antipodes are those whose feet are directly against ours, as if a line were drawn from one through the centre of the earth to the other.
And this shall suffice for an explanation of things, which I have done as briefly as I could for the advantage of the reader, to whom possibly, these things so necessary to be known, may have hitherto been concealed.
