Contents The Normal Pituitary Gland Gross Anatomy Vascular Supply 1. Nerve Supply Embryology Microscopic and Functional Anatomy 8 Hypothalamus and Neurohypophysis. Adenohypophysis 10 Cytodifferentiation in the Adenohypophysis Localization of Other Peptides in the Adenohypophysis Methods in Pituitary Pathology 29 31 2. 37 Intraoperative Consultation 37 Histology and Immunohistochemistry Electron Microscopy 39 41 Tissue Culture 41 Flow Cytometry Molecular Analysis 42 42 A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis of a Pituitary Tumor 42 3. Pituitary Adenomas 47 Epidemiology of Pituitary Adenomas Classification of Pituitary Adenomas 47 49 Functional Classification 49 Anatomic or Radiologic Classification 49 Histologic Classification Immunohistochemical Classification 52 Ultrastructural Classification 53 Clinicopathologic Classification 54 Pituitary Adenomas Causing Growth Hormone Excess 54 Pituitary Adenomas Causing Prolactin Excess Pituitary Adenomas Causing Thyrotropin Excess 71 86 Pituitary Adenomas Causing ACTH Excess 91 Pituitary Adenomas Causing Gonadotropin Excess Clinically Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas 102 108 Plurihormonal Adenomas 124 Pituitary Apoplexy Associated Disorders-Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Ectopic Adenomas Pathogenesis of Pituitary Adenomas 125 126 127 128 Hormonal Basis of Pituitary Tumorigenesis 129 Molecular Basis of Pituitary Tumorigenesis Growth Factors and Pituitary Tumorigenesis Pituitary Carcinoma 130 131 4. 149
