182 PUBLIC TREATIES. Anricms XIII. or l'bcrty f navi tion and commerce shall extend to all kinds of Wgtmtmbwd mgrghahdim, zxceptigig those only which are distinguished by the name of contraband of war, and under this name shall be com prehoadglsnnons, mortars, howitzers, swivels, blnnderbnsses, muskets, fnsees, rifles, carbines, pistols, pikes. swords, sabres, lanees, spears, halberds, grenades, bombs, powder, matches, balls, and everything belonging to the use of arms. _ · 2. Bncklers, helmets, breast-plates, coats of mail, accoutrements, and clothes made up in military form and for military use. 3. Cavalry belts and horses, with their harness. _ 4. And, generally, all offensive or defensive arms made of iron, steel, brass, copper, or of any other material prepared and formed to make war by land or at sea. Anricar. XIV. Articles not con- All other mercbandises and things not comprehended in the articles ¤‘¤l>¤¤d· of contraband explicitly enumerated and classified as above shall be held and considered as free, and subjects of free and lawful commerce, so that they be carried and transported in the freest manner by the citizens of both the contracting parties, even to places belonging to an enemy,] excepting only those places which are at the time besieged or block ed. Anrrcrn XV. Declaration of The two high contracting parties recognize as permanent and imrri¤¢>i1>l•>¤- mutable the following principles, to wit : Free ships mrs 1. That free ships make free goods; that is to say, that the edects ¤`¤#•>s<¤>d¤- or goods belonging to subjects or citizens of a power or State at war are free from capture or confiscation when found on board neutral vessels, with the exception of articles contraband of war. Ngntml pmpmy 2. That the property of neutrals on board of an enemy’s vessel is not on enemies? v¤¤— subject to confiscation, unless the same be contraband of war. °°l'· The like neutrality shall be extended to persons who are on board 3 neutral ship with this effect, that although they may be enemies of both or either party, they are not to be taken out of that ship, unless they are officers or soldiers, and in the actual service of the enemy. The contracting parties engage to apply these principles to the commerce and navigation of all such powers and States as shall consent to adopt them as permanent and immutable. “ Anrrcrn XVI. Examination or In time of war the merchant ships belonging to the citizens of either V¤¤¤¤l¤ ¤¤ time 0* of the contracting parties, which shall be bound to a port of the enemy """‘ of one of the parties, and concerning whose voyage and the articles of their cargo there shall be just grounds of suspicion, shall be obliged to exhibit, as well upon the high seas as in the ports or ioads, not only their passports, but likewise their certificates, showing that their goods are not of the quality of those which are specified to be contraband in the thirteenth article of the present convention. Anrroma XVII. sm,,; pspm, And that captures on light suspicions may be avoided, and injuries thence arising prevented, it is agreed that when one party shall be engaged in war, and the other party beneutral, the ships of theneutral party shall be furnished with passports, that it may appear thereby that the ships really belong to the citizens of the neutral party; they shall U6 yalid for any number of voyages, but shall be renewed every year; thnt ns, if the ship happens to return home in the space of a year. lf the
