in the manner peculiar to Morse telegraphy.
The Ruhmkorff coil 43 causes the polished
knobs 44 to spark in response thereto. The
wire 45 being grounded, as shown, the antennœ
5 17 19 (being then connected with 44 through
23) are caused to throw off etheric waves simi-
lar to the Hertzian waves, which pass out of
the barrel toward the distant station.
The operator by depressing the key 41
10merely causes the Ruhmkorff coil 43 to spark
continuously while the key is depressed and
to cease sparking while the key is raised.
The cathode-rays made by the Crookes tube
are of course reflected by the mirror 14, and
15thus given a general direction of propagation,
which follows the general direction of the axis
of the barrel. These cathode-rays, like the
actinic and the etheric waves, above described,
apparently reinforce each other in their effects,
20and the result is that the telegraph is more ef-
fective when both are employed. The cathode--
rays are emitted in continuous oscillation and
are not controlled directly by the transmitting--
key. The Hertzian waves alone are controlled
25by the key, and the cathode-rays merely facili-
tate the propagation of the Hertzian waves.
When the sparking apparatus D) is stopped,
the telegraphic signals are not as distinct as
when the said sparking apparatus is in action.
30The device considered as a receiving appa-
ratus will be described.
The Hertzian waves made by depressing the key at the sending-station produce effects in the crown-wires 17 19 and in the member 10, 35which serves as a capacity connected to the crown-wires or antennæ.
Incoming waves cause surgings in the wires
23 and 46, 38, 37, and 25’ to the coherer 50,
thereby affecting its resistance. The result is
40that with the apparatus in the position as in-
dicated in Fig. 1 at E, the battery 51 sends the
current through 50, 60, 59, 57, 56, and through
wire 58 back to the battery. The bell there-
fore rings when the coherer is excited and only
45at that time.
The bell having rung, the operator merely
moves the switch 52 in order to receive the
message. If he wishes to receive the message
upon the Morse recorder, he moves the switch
5052 downward so as to engage the contact 54
and also closes the switch 62. The current from
the battery now passes through the Morse re-
corder and through the coherer back to bat-
tery. If, however, the operator desires to 55re-
ceive the message upon the phonetic receiver,
he moves the switch 52 upward, engaging the
contact 53. For receiving messages by means
of modifications produced in a continuous a
sound in accordance with the intermittent 60im-
pulses sent out by the transmitter the contact
58 should be pressed firmly against the arma-
ture 56, the switch 62 should be opened, and
switch 52 placed on contact 53. The coherer in
being excited by the closing of the key at the
65distant station, the following circuit is estab-
lished: 51, 50, 50’, 66, 65, 61, 63, 57, (through 52
from 53,) 58, to battery. The primary 64 be-
ing thus energized excited the secondary 79
and established a local secondary alternating
current through the wires 80 and 81, Fig. 4.70
and the magnet 77. The magnet responds to
the action of this current by causing the dia-
phragm 75 to vibrate violently. The vibrat-
ing diaphragm causes the column of air in the
funnel-shaped member 78 to be alternately75
compressed and rarefied, thereby causing the
diaphragm 68 to vibrate and to vary the re-
sistance offered by the comminuted carbon.
The length of the column of air should be such
that the diaphragm 75 will cause the dia-
phragm80 70 to vibrate in a predetermined space
of time, the idea being to amplify the varia-
tions of the battery-current flowing through
the comminuted carbon. This phonetic re-
ceiver acts to some extent as a relay. It is85
clear that the mechanical action of the vibrat-
ing column of air can be made to increase and
decrease the resistance of the comminuted
carbon, and if this be done at the proper mo-
ments of time the ultimate effect of the cur-
rent90 passing through the comminuted carbon
can be increased.
The vibration of the diaphragm 75, by caus-
ing the above-mentioned condensation and
rarefaction of the column of air in the funnel--
shaped95 member 73, causes the perforations 74
to emit a musical note, which I find to be some-
what similar to a flute-note. The general ef-
fect is about the same as if a person were
sounding a Morse signal upon a flute, a short100
note representing a dot and a comparatively
long note or variations in intensity of the
note representing a dash. The connection of
a relay is necessary for prolonged effects.
Having thus described my invention, I claim105 as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent —
1. A wireless-telegraph system comprising means to generate two or more sets of waves of different lengths or different periods, means to direct said waves toward a distant station,110 and to modify those of one or more of the sets in accordance with a code, together with means at the distant station rendered sensitive by some of the waves to respond to changes or modifications in others, to thereby reproduce115 the signal.
2. In a wireless-telegraph system, a trans-
mitting apparatus comprising a set of Hertz--
wave antennæ, a source of cathodic waves,
and a source of actinic waves, means whereby 120
the changes of a prearranged code may be im-
pressed on one or more of said sets of waves,
and means for directing all the waves to a dis-
tant station.
3. In a wireless-telegraph system, a receiver125
comprising elements sensitive to etheric waves
due to light projection and to electrical surg-
ings or oscillatory discharges, means to com-
bine the effects of said elements, and means to
effect alinement with a transmitting-station.130
