Tr. at 8396:16–8398:17 (Israel); UPX10 at 053 n.6. Typically, such a query seeks information on a product or a service. GSEs often serve advertisements on a search engine results page in response to a commercial query. See infra Section V.A.1. Like Google, only about 20–30% of Bing’s queries are commercial and show ads. Tr. at 3645:13–3646:2 (Nadella).
39. Navigational queries, which can be either commercial or non-commercial, are a type of query that reflects a user’s intent to navigate directly to a particular website. Id. at 185:1119 (Varian). GSEs may or may not serve ads on a navigational query. An example of a navigational query is “Amazon,” which may express the user’s intent to go to Amazon.com. See id. at 8721:12-13 (Israel) (“[O]ne use of a general search engine[] is as this vehicle to take me to other sites.”). Users often enter navigational queries. In fact, at a given time, Google’s top five queries by query volume are navigational queries, UPX342 at 859, and nearly 12% of all Google queries are navigational queries, Tr. at 8748:22–8749:1 (Israel) (calculation reflected in Whinston Expert Report at 64); id. at 8748:25–8749:1 (Israel) (the volume of navigational queries is “significant”). Navigational queries are unique to GSEs, because only a GSE’s results page supplies a user with organic links used to navigate to another website. See id. at 4616:23-25 (Whinston) (specialized vertical providers are “not sending you off to other sites” because “they don’t have a broad index of the web”); see infra Section IV.A.
40. The number of general search queries has grown dramatically over the last decade, especially on mobile devices. See Tr. at 8442:17–8443:2 (Israel) (discussing DXD29 at 45) (“[O]utput is more than double over this 10-year time period.”); id. at 7248:4-10 (J. Baker) (discussing PSXD12).
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