DOMESDAY SURVEY i6d., and a Welshman paid Ralf de Saucy a sestier of honey. Nor do these ■cases exhaust the list. Honey was combined with ' blooms ' of iron in a render from the villeins of Alton near Ross,"' and iron with salmon as a Tender from ' Turlestane,' "' which was doubtless on the River Wye. At the head of the Golden Valley eight Welshmen make the characteristic render •of a hawk and two hounds (fol. 187). From his manor of Kingstone the •sovereign was entitled to a hawk. On the Laci fief we have an interesting example of settlers (hospites) paying rent."* In one entry seven hospites with a plough pay 5^. ; at Leint- hall 10013'. were received ' from certain settlers "" so long as they wished' (to remain), and in another entry "^ tenants render loj. ?)d. pro suis hospitiis. JLastly attention may be drawn to renders in money which appear to be rents payable to the head manor of Leominster. Of these thirteen payments twelve are based on a unit of zod.^^'^ and the remaining one is 3^. There is also, at the end of the Leominster entries, a list of the renders (not vakbat) T.R.E. of the attached manors. Here again the unit of 2od. is prominent ; in nine cases the payments are based on it ; "' in the five others they are not."* Possibly this unit is recognizable in the customary render of ^s. {6od.) from Baysham. The miscellaneous sources of rural revenue include some features of interest, though they were in the main of the usual character, the mill with its mill- pond and privilege of multure, the river with its fishery and water-meadows, and the woodland with its many uses. Of these the mills, which varied much as elsewhere in value, made their contribution often enough in grain and in eels (from the mill-pond) as well as in money. At Marcle the king had a mill of which the proceeds only sufficed to support the miller, and one at ' Estune ' renders nothing. But at Marden and at Burghill the mill ren- dered 20J-. and 25 'stiches' of eels, and at Kingsland 26s. 8d. and 500 eels were contributed by the two mills. A Marcle mill rendered grain (annonam), and one near Orleton four bushels of grain and 1 5 ' stiches ' of eels. A good instance of the division of a manor involving the division of the profits from its mills is afforded by BuUingham, which was in three portions before and after the Conquest, Each of them was assessed at two hides and valued at 50J., and each of them had a third share in two mills,"' which was reckoned at 14J. 8d. This would give the total profit from the mills as 44J., a suggestive sum. For the ora of 1 6d. was a unit specially prominent in the renders from mills. As examples of this we may take the entries of the bishop's lands on fol. 182, where we have two mills rendering i6d. each, four which render 32^^., one of 4J. (3 orae) and one of 6s. Sd. (5 orae). There are other occurrences of this unit,"° but it is only right to add that 5J. is also a unit in the figures given for mi-Us. "' ' Reddunt xx blomas ferri et viii sextaria mellis.' "^ ' Reddebat 1 massas ferri et vi salmones.' '" ' In some counties on the Welsh march there are groups of hospites, who in fact or theory are colonists whom the lord has invited on to his land' {Dom. Bk. and Beyond, 60). Prof. Maitland's instances are taken from Shropshire, where they pay a money rent. "* ' De quibusdam hominibus ibi hospitatis.' "' They all occur together on fol. 1 843. '" They are multiples of this unit as follows : 3, 4, 9, 3, 3, 4, 3, 2, 2, 2,1, I. '" The multiples are 3, 4, 2, 2, 8, I, 3, 3, 3. '" These are c^od. i^zd. i/^zd. lo^d. lo^d. lod. "' In one of the entries they are loosely entered as if one mill. "« Mills of 8;. (fol. i8l3), of i6s. (fol. 184), and of i6d. (fol. 185). 293
