A HISTORY OF LANCASHIRE rendered in its compilation by the following gentlemen : The Rev. A. M. Miles Moss of Norwich (formerly of Windermere) ; the Rev. R. Freeman of Repham, Norfolk (formerly of St. Helens) ; Mr. J. R. Charnley of Preston ; Mr. C. E. Stott of Manchester (formerly of Bolton). The arrangement and nomenclature of South' s List of 1884 has with some hesitation been adopted in the notes which follow, as probably more familiar to the majority of readers than the possibly more severely scientific systems which have been published since that date. RHOPALOCERA Of the 63 or 64 species of butterflies which are recognized as British about 45 have been recorded from Lancashire. In the case however of three of these, Colias edusa. P., C. hyale, D., and Vanessa cardui, L., the county has only shared with the rest of England in special visitations caused by the quasi-migratory movements of these insects which occur during certain years, and the two first of these cannot be considered as in any sense indigenous. PlERID^ The three common species of Pieris are abundant Euchoe cardamines, L. Generally dis- tributed, but hardly common Leucophasia sinapis, L. Occurs at Grange and Whhenlack in North Lancashire, but apparently not so abundantly as formerly. The two species of Colias have occurred sporadically during their years of migratory abundance, but neither species seems to succeed in perpetuating itself beyond the second generation Gonopteryx rhamni, L. Generally rare, but not uncommon at Grange and some of the northern mosses Nymphalid.5: Argynnis selene, Schiff. Grange, Siherdale — euphrosyne, L. „ „ — adippe, L. „ „ — aglaia, L. On the coast sandhills and near Windermere Melitasa aurinia, Rott. Very local and scarce, and apparently much less common than formerly Vanessa. The records of V. polychloros, L., are somewhat doubtful, and V. antiopa, L., has only been taken in its ' years.' All our other species occur, V. c-album, L., however very rarely SatyriDj^ Erebia. Both E. epiphron, Knoch., and E. asthiops, Esp., occur in the extreme Satyrid^ {continued) north of the county on mountains and moorlands Pararge oegeria, L. Occasional and much less common than formerly — megaera, L. Generally distributed Satyrus semele, L. Abundant on all the coast sandhills and on many of the moors and mosses All our species of Epinephile and Caenonympha occur ; E. hyperan- thus, L., however is distinctly local, and of C. typhon, Rott. = davus, F., only the var. Rothliebi, Stgr. = philoxenus, Esp., seems to occur, but rather frequently on the mosses LyC^NIDjE Thecla betulas, L., and T. quercus, L., are recorded from Grange, the latter more commonly — rubi, L. Local, but not uncommon Polyommatus phloeas, L. Abundant Lycaena. The quite southern forms usually associated with the chalk — minima, Fues., and L. corydon, F., have both been taken on the lime- stone district around Grange, and there is a record of the former from Birkdale — argiolus, L. Locally not uncommon — segon, Schiff. „ „ — astrarche, Bgstr. „ „ — icarus, Rott. Generally abundant ERYCINIDii: Nemeobius lucina, L. Grange, Silverdak 128
