SPIDERS ARACHNIDA As long ago as 1861 a 'List of Southport Spiders,' by the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, was published in A Handbook for Southport by David McNicoll, M.D. and edition, pp. 1 02-109. Additions have subsequently been made by Mr. C. Warburton, of Christ's College, Cambridge, and Dr. A. Randell Jackson, M.D., of Hexham, to the Southport list, whilst Mr. Linna3us Greening, F.L.S., of Warrington, the Rev. J. Harvey Bloom, and Mr. W. Falconer have contributed various species to the county list. The present author has also been able to add considerably to the number during rambles in the fell and valley districts of Duddon Vale and Coniston, as well as on the coast at Blackpool and Grange. The number of species of spiders recorded reaches two hundred and thirty-one (231) ; of Pseudo-scorpions one only, and of Harvestmen seven ; the total number of spiders recorded as British being between five and six hundred ; of Pseudoscorpions 22, of Harvestmen 24 species. The list of all these Arachnida might be greatly increased, for Lancashire affords an abundant variety of good localities with its fells and vales, its sand-dunes and southern sea-board. In the following list where no authority or collector is quoted the author takes responsibility. ARANEiE ARj^CHNOMORPHJE DYSDEiaD^ Spiders with six eyes and two pairs of stigmatic openings, situated close together on the genital rima ; the anterior pair communicating vsdth. lung-books, the posterior with tracheal tubes. Tarsal claws, two in Dysdera, three in Harpactes and Segestria. 1 . Harpactes hombergtt, Scopoli. Grange ; Southport (A. R. J.). Not common. Found under bark of trees and amongst moss. Recognizable by its linear ant-like form, black carapace, pale day-yellow abdomen and three tarsal claws. 2. Segestria senoculata, Linnaeus. Grange, Broughton, Coniston ; Warrington (L. G.) ; Southport (A. R. J.). Not common. Under bark of trees, in the crevices of loose stone walls, and amongst detached rocks. Recognizable by its linear form and the black dia- mond-shaped blotches on the dorsal surface of the abdomen. 3. Oonops pukher, Templeton. Grange ; Southport (A.R. J.). Rare. A very small linear brick-red spider, found beneath stones and amongst dry grass. It possesses six large oval pearly-white eyes. DRASSID^ Spiders with eight eyes situated in two transverse rows. The tracheal openings lie immediately in front of the spinners. The tarsal claws are two in number, but the anterior pair of spinners are set wide apart at their base, and the maxills are more or less impressed across the middle. They are usually found beneath stones, logs, and bark of trees, amongst dry leaves in woods, and one species usually occurs in outbuildings. They are all nocturnal in their habits. I 1 4. Drassodes lapldosus, Walckenaer. Coniston, Lancaster, Duddon Vale, etc. etc. ; Southport (A. R. J.). Very common under stones all over the fells. The male dwells within a silken domicile together with the female, and becoming mature earlier awaits patiently the coming of age of the female. Known also as Drassus lapidicolens. 5. Drassodes cupreus, Blackwall. Coniston, Duddon Vale, Southport (O. P.-C, ARJ.). Very common, and in similar situations to the last species. It is rather smaller, coppery red in colour with a black marginal band to the sternum. The mandibles differ also in their armature and the vulva is different to that of D. lapidosus. It may take rank as a sub-species. Known also as Drassus cupreus. 6. Drassodes rettculatus, Blackwall. Lancaster, J. Blackwall. The types of this species having been lost, it is difficult to say what it may be. 7. Drassodes pubescens, Thorell. Garstang (L. G.). A rare species, resembling a very small D. lapidosus, and can be recognized by a comparison of the genitalia in both sexes as well as by a different relative position of the eyes (O. P.-C). 8. Drassodes troglodytes, C. L. Koch. Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Coniston, Dud- don Vale. This species is common under stones on the fells. It is known also as Drassus troglodytes and D. clavator 9. Prosthesima nigrita, Fabricius. Southport (C W.). 45 19
