SPIDERS 32. Chiracanthtum lap'tdicolens, Simon. Southport (A. R. J.). THOMISID^ Spiders with eight eyes, situated in two transverse rows, two tarsal daws, and anterior spinners situated close together at their base. Maxillae not impressed. The crab-like shape and sidelong movements of these spiders are their chief characteristics, enabling them to be easily distinguished, as a rule, from the more elongate Drassida and Ckbionida. 3 3 . Philodromus aureolus, Clerck. Grange, Southport (O. P.-C.) ; Warrington (L. G.). A very abundant species, with usually a dull red- brown abdomen, with yellowish central pattern. It firequents the foliage of trees of all kinds, and espe- cially in the immature condition will often outnumber all other species which fall into the umbrella beneath the beating-stick. 34. Phihdromus cespittcoRs, Walckenaer. Grange. This species is possibly only a variety of the last- named, and frequents similar situations. Known also as P. cespiticolens, Blackwall. 35. Phihdromus faUax, Sundevall Southport. A very pale species frequenting the sand-dunes along the coast, squatting quite flat on the sand, where, being precisely the same colour as its surroundings, it is scarcely visible until it moves. Known also as Phihdromus dektus, O. P.-Cambrldge. 36. Tibellus obhngus, Walckenaer. Southport (O. P.-C). Sub. Phihdromus obhngus. A long, very narrow, dull white or straw-coloured spider, often common amongst dry grass in many different localities. They attain, however, their largest size amongst the sedge grass and rushes in swamps and bogs. The elongate form assists in their concealment from foes as they lie close to the pale dry rush stems and slender blades. 37. Thanatus striatus, C. L. Koch. Kirkby, Rev. J. H. Bloom (O. P.-C). 38. Xysticus cristatus, Clerck. Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Warrington (L. G.). It is by far the commonest of the ' Crab-spiders,' and is found abundantly on foliage or crouching on bare places in fields and commons. Known also as Thomisus cristatus. 39. Xysticus Kochii, Thorell. Southport, Dr. A. R. Jackson (O. P.-C). 40. Xysticus pini, Hahn. Southport (O. P.-C). A rare species, found usually on the foliage of trees and shrubs. Known also as Thomisus audax, Blackwall. 41. Xysticus erraticus, Blackwall. Southport (A. R. J.). 42. OxypAla otomaria, Panzer. Grange. Lake District, Dr. A. R. Jackson (O. P.-C). Not uncommon in marshes among long grass. Known also as Thomisus versutus, Blackwall. 43. Oxyptila praticola, C L. Koch. Southport (A. R. J.). 44. Oxyptila trux, Blackwall. Southport, Dr. A. R. Jackson (O. P.-C), and W. Falconer. SALTICID^ The spiders of this family may be recognized in a general way by their mode of progression, consisting of a succession of leaps, often many times their own length. More particularly they may be known by the square shape of the cephalic region and the fact that the eyes are arranged in three rows of 4, 2, 2, the centrals of the anterior row being much the largest and usually iridescent. Those of the second row are the smallest, while the posterior pair is placed well back and helps to give the quadrate character to the cephalothorax. Otherwise these spiders are simply specialized Clubionids, with two tarsal claws and other minor characters possessed in common with members of this latter family. They can be beaten from foliage or found amongst herbage and under stones. The commonest, Salticus scenicus, wUl be well known to all observers, running and leaping on the walls of houses in the bright sun- shine. 45. Salticus scenicus, Clerck. Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Warrington (L.G.). A black or grey species with white oblique lateral stripes. Known also as Epiblemum scenicum and Calli- ethera scenica. 46. Salticus cingulatus, Panz. Warrington (L. G.). Known also as Epiblemum cingulatum and CalRethera cingulata. 47. Heliophanus cupreus, Walckenaer. Southport (O. P.-C). A shining black and coppery spider, found in some abundance on the coast. Known also as Salticus cupreus. 48. HeRophanus Jlavipes, Hahn. Blackpool ; Southport (A. R. J.). A shiny black spider with yellow legs, not un- common amongst the marram grass on the sand- dunes along the coast. 49. Euophrys erratica, Walckenaer. Grange ; Coniston ; Duddon Vale. Lancaster. Common under the coping stones of stone walls. Known also as Salticus distinctus, Blackwall. 50. Euophrys frontalis, Walckenaer. Southport (O. P.-C, A. R. J.) ; Kirkby, Rev. J. H. Bloom (O. P.-C). Not uncommon amongst grass. Known also as Salticus frontalis. 147
