introduces, as you must at once have felt, a new condition of things. Generally, I have spoken of the Ghibellines as infidel, or impious; and for the most part they represent, indeed, the resistance of kingly to priestly power. But, in this action of Florence, we have the rise of another force against the Church, in the end to be much more fatal to it, that of popular intelligence and popular passion. I must for the present, however, return to our immediate business; and ask you to take note of the effect, on actually existing Florentine architecture, of the political movements of the ten years we have been studying.
133. In the revolution of Candlemas, 1248, the successful Ghibellines throw down thirtysix of the Guelph palaces.
And in the revolution of July, 1258, the successful Guelphs throw down all the Ghibelline palaces.
Meantime the trades, as against the Knights Castellans, have thrown down the tops of all the towers above seventy-five feet high.
And we shall presently have a proposal, after the battle of the Arbia, to throw down Florence altogether.
