76 I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. sena-jít- (VS.) 'vanquishing armies' (sénā-); gáuri-vīti- N. of a seer (from gauri), prthivi-stha- 'standing on the earth'; even before a short syllable in prthivi-sád- (AV.) and prthivi-sád- (VS.) 'sitting on the earth' (prthivi), sárasvati-krta- (VS.) 'made by Sarasvati'. 82. Extension of external to internal Sandhi. -— The rules of sentence Sandhi as applied between members of a compound are often found to affect the internal form of words. a. Nominal (chiefly secondary) suffixes with initial consonants are frequently treated like the second member of a compound; e. g. beside duvas-yú- 'worshipping', appears duvo-yú-². This influence extends even to radical finals before primary suffixes; e. g. án-na- 'food' for ád-na-; șan-nám for sat-nám, from sás- 'six'; námo-bhis, from námas- 'obeisance', with o for ad (as in uşád-bhis from usás- 'dawn') ³; havih-sut for haviş-şu, from havís- 'oblation'; jigi-váms- for jigi-váms- 'having conquered, with radical final lengthened as in sentence Sandhi. b. In the verb the influence of sentence Sandhi is seen in reduplicated forms. Thus parallel with the lengthening of final syllables in the sentence, the final radical vowel is made long before the ending-hi in didîhí beside the more usual dīdihi, from di- 'shine'. The rhythmical lengthening in the reduplicated aorist is probably due to a similar influence. III. ACCENT. ROTH, Nirukta LVII—LXXII: Ueber die Elemente des indischen Accentes nach den Prâtiçâkhja Sūtren. BENFEY, Vollständige Grammatik p. 9–13. WHITNEY, 'On the nature and designation of the accent in Sanskrit', Transactions of the American Philo- logical Association, 1869-70; Oriental and Linguistic Studies 2, 318 ff.; Sanskrit Grammar3, p. 28-33; see also General Index, s. v. 'Accent'. HAUG, Ueber das Wesen und den Werth des wedischen Accents, München 1873 (cp. WEBER, Indische Streifen 3, 335 ff.; WHITNEY, JAOS. 10, IX ff., CIII f.). WACKERNAGEL, Altindische Grammatik 1, 243 ff. Cp. also HIRT, Der indogermanische Akzent, Strassburg 1895, and Akzentstudien in IF. VI-IX; BRUGMANN, Kurze vergleichende Grammatik 1 (Strassburg 1902), p. 52-66. Besides the Prātiśākhyas several other native authorities refer to the accent. Pāṇini and his commentators give an account of it; all the Sutras of Pāņini relating to accentu- ation are collected in a chapter of the Siddhānta-kaumudī called vaidika-svara-prakriyā 'section on the Vedic accent'. The accent is further dealt with in the Bhāşikasūtra, in the Pratijñāsūtra, in the Šikṣās, and as regards the position of the accent in individual words, in the Uņādisutras and especially in the Phitsūtras. - - 83. General character of the Vedic accent. - In Vedic literature sacred texts only, primarily all the Samhitās 5 have been handed down in an accented form. Of all other sacred texts, only those to which a special importance was attached, have preserved the accent. These are the Taittiriya Brāhmaṇa (together with its Aranyaka) and the Satapatha Brāhmaṇa (including the Brhadāraṇyaka Upanişad). There is, however, evidence to show that the Pancavimśa Brāhmaṇa and other Brāhmaṇas were at one time accented7. 6 4 See 57, I. ¹ On the relation of this shortening to the lengthening in the same position, and 5 The Mss. of its probable explanation, see WACKERNAGEL | defective as regards 2¹, p. 135 (56 g). SCHROEDER found it only of his editio with accents. - 2 Hence the Padapātha treats a nominal stem which takes a suffix with initial consonant like the first member of a compound, separating it from the suffix by Avagraha; e. g. duvahsyúḥ for duvoyúh; adrisvah for adrivaḥ, voc., 'armed with a bolt'; utisbhiḥ for utíbhis 'with aids'. 3 See above 44 a, 3. the Kathaka are SO accentuation that L. v. possible to print parts the text (vol. 1, 1900) 6 WEBER, Indische Studien 10, 421; cp. MAX MÜLLER, ASL. 348; BURNELL, Sama- vidhāna Brāhmaṇa p. VI. The Mantra parts of the AitareyaÃraṇyaka are accented (KEITH'S ed. p. 10). 7 The Suparṇādhyāya, an artificially archaic
