rect his course to Zacatecas, which was only defended by a small garrison. During the latter days of March he accordingly evacuated that town, his forces amounting to about 4,000 men.[1] Ochoa, duly informed of this movement, hastened to intercept him, and on the 1st of April an engagement was fought at the defile of Piñones. The action lasted six hours, and ended in favor of the independents, Ochoa retreating to Aguanueva.[2] This success, in the achievement of which the troops behaved exceedingly well, gained prestige for the cause. Rayon, without further molestation, continued his march to Zacatecas, but the difficulties with which he had to contend were so great, that had a more energetic commander been opposed to him he would have been overwhelmed. At Piñones a large portion of his pack-mules and provision and waterwagons fell into the hands of the royalists. The country was destitute of food and water, and the sufferings of his troops were fearful. Sickness broke out among them; many died, others went mad, and most of the animals perished. Maguey and cactus juice was drunk, producing burning pains.[3] If a well or insignificant stream was found, the men fought like wild beasts over it. At a place called Las Ánimas there were symptoms of mutiny. A council of war was held, at which it was resolved to petition for the grace extended by the general pardon. Rayon, compelled outwardly to acquiesce, nevertheless postponed taking the necessary action in the matter, and many deserted.
- ↑ According to Mora, Mej. y sus Rev., iv. 168. Ochoa in his report of the 3d of April states that Rayon's army amounted to 6,000 men, 2,000 of whom were cavalry. He had also 24 pieces of artillery and six culverins. Gaz. de Mex., 1811, ii. 1220.
- ↑ Id., 1811, ii. 1200-3, 1218-22, contains a copy of Ochoa's detailed report of this engagement. The brigadier Ponce, who with four soldiers had separated from the main body of the revolutionists in order to observe the retreat of the enemy, was made captive after being mortally wounded. Before his death he communicated to Ochoa the plans of Rayon. Id., 1220.
- ↑ José María Ansorena, who had been made intendente of Valladolid by Hidalgo, died in great suffering from the effects of this juice, at the colegio de misioneros de Guadalupe, about a league from Zacatecas. Alaman, Hist. Mej., ii. 262.
