CHAPTER XXXII.
FIRST CONGRESS AND FIRST EMPEROR.
1822.
The Installation — Taking the Oath under Pressure — The First Misunderstanding — Political Parties — Measures for Relief of the Treasury — Disagreements on the Army Question — A Counter-revolution — General Dávila's Action — Iturbide and Congress at Open War — Progress of Republicanism — Iturbide Proclaimed Emperor by a Popular Emeute — A Stormy Congressional Session — Agustin I. Recognized — Joy in the Provinces — The Imperial Family and Household — Difficulties of the Treasury — The Council of State — The Coronation.
During the elections Iturbide had not remained idle. His agents had been everywhere active in their endeavors to secure the appointment of representatives who would support his views. They had only been partially successful, however; the liberals had shown equal energy in their labors, and a large number of truly patriotic and enlightened men had been elected. Though the congress would not be so favorably composed as he had intended, the generalissimo had still a resource left by which he hoped to cramp the proceedings of the opposing party — namely, intimidation. A display of military force would effect this, and under such circumstances a form of oath could be exacted that would fetter free action. He was determined that the nation's representatives should not decide for it its form of government. They should be compelled to swear to observe the plan of Iguala. It was a monstrous insult to the dignity of a nation, the liberty of which he had so
