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REVOLTS QUELLED.

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pressive system of Minister Alaman. Only journals defending the government were allowed to exist.^[1]

The government was not long permitted to pursue its despotisms in peace. Revolutions broke out in southern Michoacan and other parts of the south, as well as in Mexico, San Luis Potosí, and Puebla, which caused much trouble; though, for want of popular support, they were quelled, and their promoters arbitrarily dealt with.^[2]

The military element, being now well looked after as to pay, emoluments, and honors, was daily gaining a preponderance in public affairs; and the government further increased the number of its supporters by winning over the chiefs who had favored the late revolution by means of an amnesty law, so called, but really a penal one against conspirators,^[3] afterward amended, allowing officers in the rebellion not only to submit, but to tender to the pardoning authority their services against their former comrades. They were received with the rank they held among the revolutionists, and even given promotion. The government was running from one blunder into another in its endeavors to sustain itself. In October it forced Gomez Pedraza, who had come back, to leave the coun-

↑ The Atleta was killed under the burden of fines. The press of the capital was finally reluced to El Sol and Registro Oficial, and later Bustamante's Voz de la Patria, together with a few loose sheets to circulate among the rabble. Zavala, Revol. Mex., ii. 312-13; Rivera, Hist. Jalapa, ii. 592, 596.
↑ Like that of Codallos, begun in December 1823, and crushed in the same month of 1830, whose chief and a few companions were taken prisoners and shot at Pátzcuaro. Zavala, Revol. Mex., ii. 283-6, 329-31; Bustamante, Voz de la Patria, iii. no. 23, 8, no. 17, 8; Id., MS., vi. 59-62; Mex., Proceso Instruct., 220-2. The parties concerned in such movements were either put to death, banished, or sentenced to long terms of imprisonment. Juan N. Rosains, of revolutionary fame, Col Francisco Victoria, a brother of the first president, Cristóbal Fernandez, Col José Marquez, his secretary Joaquin Gárate, and others in San Luis, and many in Michoacan, were shot. In some cases, as in Morelia, the claims of humanity were disregarded; in others, not even the form of a trial preceded. Suarez y Navarro, Hist. Méx., 220; Alaman, Hist. Méj., iv. 237; Id., Proceso, 19.3-219, 223-30; Bustamante, Voz de la Patria, iv. no. 16, 5 et seq., v. no. 31, 1-3; Rivera, Hist. Jalapa, ii. 603-4; Id., Gob. de Méx., ii. 153.
↑ March 11, 1831. Arrillaga, Recop., 1831, 218-21. The end of the government was to get rid of its enemies, under the garb of a pardon, to exile them. Suarez y Navarro, Hist. Méx., 220.

[1] The Atleta was killed under the burden of fines. The press of the capital was finally reluced to El Sol and Registro Oficial, and later Bustamante's Voz de la Patria, together with a few loose sheets to circulate among the rabble. Zavala, Revol. Mex., ii. 312-13; Rivera, Hist. Jalapa, ii. 592, 596.

[2] Like that of Codallos, begun in December 1823, and crushed in the same month of 1830, whose chief and a few companions were taken prisoners and shot at Pátzcuaro. Zavala, Revol. Mex., ii. 283-6, 329-31; Bustamante, Voz de la Patria, iii. no. 23, 8, no. 17, 8; Id., MS., vi. 59-62; Mex., Proceso Instruct., 220-2. The parties concerned in such movements were either put to death, banished, or sentenced to long terms of imprisonment. Juan N. Rosains, of revolutionary fame, Col Francisco Victoria, a brother of the first president, Cristóbal Fernandez, Col José Marquez, his secretary Joaquin Gárate, and others in San Luis, and many in Michoacan, were shot. In some cases, as in Morelia, the claims of humanity were disregarded; in others, not even the form of a trial preceded. Suarez y Navarro, Hist. Méx., 220; Alaman, Hist. Méj., iv. 237; Id., Proceso, 19.3-219, 223-30; Bustamante, Voz de la Patria, iv. no. 16, 5 et seq., v. no. 31, 1-3; Rivera, Hist. Jalapa, ii. 603-4; Id., Gob. de Méx., ii. 153.

[3] March 11, 1831. Arrillaga, Recop., 1831, 218-21. The end of the government was to get rid of its enemies, under the garb of a pardon, to exile them. Suarez y Navarro, Hist. Méx., 220.

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