revolution developed itself in force, namely, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Jalisco, and Querétaro, were placed under martial law.[1] In about four months the movement, which had been one of personal ambition, but threatened the existence of Juarez administration, was forced to succumb, the rebels being defeated on the 22d of February, 1870, by General Rocha,[2] at a place known as Lo de Ovejo, with heavy losses.[3] The result was that Guadarrama and other prominent leaders submitted to the government. García de la Cadena afterward captured Zacatecas, from whose merchants he obtained a large sum of money, and from private citizens arms and horses, and then departed for Sierra Hermosa; but soon after was routed at Villanueva, and forced into exile.[4] The insurgents met with disaster at every encounter, and finally gave up the struggle.[5] This revolution left homeless a large number of men who had rendered good services to their country.
The long-desired general amnesty law was finally enacted by congress on the 13th of October, 1870.[6]
- ↑ From which they were released on the 26th of March. El Derecho, iv. 289.
- ↑ This general had routed Toledo at El Tejon in January.
- ↑ They lost all their artillery — about 26 pieces a large quantity of other arms, 800 killed and wounded, and many officers and upwards of 1,000 rank and file were taken prisoners. The rest of their force, which had been of about 5,000 on going into battle, became dispersed. García de la Cadena, Martinez, Huerta, and Toledo fled. Diario Ofic., March 5, Apr. 6, 1870; El Derecho, iv. 183; Marquez de Leon, Mem. Póst., MS., 333-7; La Estrella de Occid., Apr. 1, 8, 1870; Cos, Estadíst. Silao, in Méx., Soc. Geog. Boletin, 2a Ep., iv. 748; Buz, Vila de Juarez, 303–3.
- ↑ Diario Ofic., Apr. 2, 5, 10, etc., 1870; La Estrella de Occid., Apr. 22, 1870; Periód. Ofic., of Zac., 1870-4.
- ↑ Some of the governors were given extraordinary powers where needed to restore peace. Guer., Varias Ley., Decree 58. Ex-gen. Gutierrez was court-martialed and shot for having belonged to a 'banda de foragidos'. El Monitor, Feb. 16, 1360; Boletin Ofic. Estad. Sin., Apr. 18, 1870. The government is accused of using arbitrary measures to uphold its authority. The Diario Ofic, throughout the year is full of details on the political disturbances. The same may be said of El Occidental, El Monitor Rep., etc. Riva Palacio, Mem. á la Legisl. de Méx., 9, and Diario Debates, 5° Cong., i. 882, 887-8, also give information.
- ↑ The state of Puebla, by its legislature and executive, had, as early as the 16th of July, 1870, restored the rights of citizens of the state to those who served under the intervention or the empire, excepting from the privileges of
