the civil authorities, and in February embarked for Europe. During their exile, they were summoned to Rome for consultation on the needs of the Mexican church; the result of which was that the bishoprics of Michoacan and Guadalajara were made archbishopries, and several new dioceses were created, to all of which appointments were made by Pius IX., on the 16th of March, 1863.[1] The newly created prelates were Pelagio A. de Labastida y Dávalos, archbishop of Mexico;[2] Francisco Suarez Peredo, Juan B. Ormaechea y Ernaiz, and Ambrosio Serrano, bishops respectively of Vera Cruz, Tulancingo, and Chilapa; Clemente de J. Munguía, archbishop of Michoacan; José A. de la Peña, J. M. Diez de Sollano, bishop of Troade in partibus infidelium; Bernardo Gárate, and Pedro Barajas, bishops respectively of Zamora, Leon, Querétaro, and San Luis Potosí; Pedro de Espinosa, archbishop of Guadalajara; Ignacio Guerra, bishop of Zacatecas.[3]
Juarez' government adopted other severe measures to cripple the ecclesiastical foe.[4] Priests were placed under strict surveillance, and subjected to many annoyances. On the other hand, after the imperialists had the capital, an attempt was made to restore them their property, as they had rendered very efficient aid in erecting the monarchy; and yet, in 1864, the church, under the so-called regency of the empire, was in a worse plight than under Juarez' sway. So
- ↑ To the archbishopric of Mexico were given, as suffragans, the dioceses of Puebla, Oajaca, Vera Cruz, Chiapas, Yucatan, Chilapa, and Tulancingo; to that of Michoacan, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro, Leon, and Zamora; and to that of Guadalajara, Durango, New Leon, Sonora, Zacatecas, and the Apostolic vicarías of Lower Cal. in charge of Juan F. Escalante, bishop of Anastasiópolis in partibus infidelium, and Tamaulipas in charge of Francisco de la C. Ramirez, bishop of Caradro, also in partibus.
- ↑ His predecessors in the present century had been Francisco J. de Lizana y Beaumont, 1802-11; Antonio Bergosa y Jordan, 1812–15; Pedro J. de Fonte, 1816-38; Manuel Posadas y Garduño, 1840-6; Lázaro de la Garza y Ballesteros, 1851-62.
- ↑ Méx., Col. Ley. y Dec., 382; Iglesias y Conv., 5, 151, 169, 226-347, passim; Arrangoiz, Méj., ii. app. 22, and many others.
- ↑ Among them the seizure of two thirds of the tithes, and the suppression of the ecclesiastical chapters, excepting that of Guadalajara.
