examination only in the most elementary reading and writing, and the four simplest rules of arithmetic.[1]
While the Indians and lower castes were steeped in ignorance, the remainder of the population, excepting the highest class and the professions, though low enough, were still above the corresponding classes in Spain. In the last decades of the eighteenth century, theoretic and concrete sciences, industrial and fine arts, advanced with a bound that for a time placed New Spain in the front rank of cultured nations. But wrapping itself in revolution, it was soon left behind in the march of progress.
The friars were always ready to instruct the offspring of princes and nobles, and even some bright youths of the lower classes. Reading, writing, and vocal and instrumental music were the branches taught, though the larger proportion of pupils participated in little more than religious exercises. Some, however, indulged in Latin, drawing, and painting, while others received training in the mechanical arts. The civil powers were satisfied with this policy, and with training natives for the priesthood.[2] The result was the college of Santa Cruz, opened by Viceroy Mendoza, for the teaching of grammar, Latin, rhetoric, logic, philosophy, and other necessary subjects. On the inauguration day, sixty youths, selected by friars from the most intelligent nobles then studying in the several convents, entered the college.[3] But the time soon came when the fears and jealousies of colonists and friars were roused against the elevation of a despised race, and the result was a relaxation of efforts among teachers. Soon the college gave instruction
- ↑ This mediocre acquirement secured them extensive privileges. 'Go cen de las preeminencias, prerogativas, y exenciones. . .que están concedidas, y comunicadas á los que exercen artes liberales.' Cédula, in Reales Órdenes, i. 455-9.
- ↑ Albornoz, Carta al Rey, in Pacheco and Cárdenas, Col. Doc., xiii. 69. Friars joined in the recommendation. Id., xii. 125.
- ↑ The government made ample provision for their support. Mendoza, Carta, in Florida, Col. Doc., 134-5. The king in 1553 added for a time 890 pesos. Puga, Cedulario, 187.
