Page:Western Europe in the Middle Ages.djvu/13

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CONTENTS

	PREFACE		v
	INTRODUCTION		1

1.	THE MAKING OF EUROPE		11
	I.	The Roman Empire	13
	II.	The Church	21
	III.	The Germanic Migrations	26
	IV.	The End of Mediterranean Unity	35
	V.	The Work of Charlemagne	44

2.	THE YEARS OF TRANSITION		55
	I.	The Collapse of the Carolingian Empire—Feudalism	57
	II.	The Revival of the Empire—Germany and Italy	66
	III.	The Renewal of Western Civilization	74

3.	THE FLOWERING OF MEDIEVAL CIVILIZATION		89
	I.	The Temper of the Twelfth Century	91
	II.	The Commonwealth of Christendom	100
	III.	The Development of Secular Governments	106
	IV.	New Ideas and Their Expression in the Twelfth Century	127

4.	THE MEDIEVAL SUMMER		141
	I.	The Temper of the Thirteenth Century	143
	II.	The Papal Monarchy—Innocent III	147
	III.	The Papal Monarchy—The Popes and the Hohenstaufen	157

vii

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