CHAP.XI.
Of Monopolies and Offices.
MOnopoly (as the word signifies) is the sole selling power, which whosoever hath can vend the commodity whereupon he hath this power, either qualified as himself pleases, or at what price he pleaseth, or both, within the limits of his Commission.
2. The great example of a Monopoly is the King of France his Gabel upon Salt, whereby he sells that for sixty which costs him but one; now Salt being a thing of universal use to all degrees of men, and scarce more to the poor then the rich, it seems to be of the same effect with the simplest[1] Poll-money abovementioned, in case all men spent equally of it, or if men be forced to take it whether they spend it or not, as in some places they are. But if men spend or eat Salt unequally, as they commonly do, nor are bound to take or pay for more then they spend, then[er 1] is no other than an accumulative Excize, especially if the salt be all of one uniform goodness, |55| otherwise it is a distinct species of Leavy, viz. a monopoly.
3. The use or pretence of instituting a Monopoly is,
First, Right of Invention; forasmuch as the Laws do reward Inventions, by granting them a Monopoly of them for a certain time; (as here in England for fourteen years) for thereby the Inventor is rewarded more or less according to the acceptance which his Invention findes amongst men.
Where note by the way, that few new Inventions were ever rewarded by a Monopoly; for although the Inventor oftentimes drunk with the opinion of his own merit, thinks all the world will invade and incroach upon him, yet I have observed[2], that the generality of men will scarce be hired to
- ↑ 1679, "simple."
- ↑ Petty had invented a machine for double writing, upon which he received from the House of Lords a patent dated 7 March, 1647/8, and valid for seventeen years. He issued a prospectus (Bibliography), and endeavoured to '"syndicate" the invention, apparently without success. Fitzmaurice, 10—13.
errata:
- ↑ between [them and is] interline [it]
