Portal:Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence
related portals: Roman Catholicism, Ecumenical Councils.
related authors: Martin V, Felix V, Eugene IV.
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The Seventeenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church was convoked as the Council of Basel (Basle in the once-preferred English spelling) by Pope Martin V shortly before his death in February 1431 and took place in the context of the Hussite wars in Bohemia and the rise of the Ottoman Empire. At stake was the greater conflict between the Conciliar movement and the principle of papal supremacy.
The Council entered a second phase after Emperor Sigismund's death in 1437. Pope Eugene IV convoked a rival Council of Ferrara on 8 January 1438 and succeeded in drawing the Byzantine ambassadors to Italy. The Council of Basel first suspended him, declared him a heretic, and then in November 1439 elected an antipope, Felix V. The rival Council of Florence (moved to avoid plague in Ferrara) concluded in 1445 after negotiating unions with the various eastern churches. This bridging of the Great Schism proved fleeting, but was a political coup for the papacy. In 1447, Sigismund's successor Frederick III commanded the city of Basel to expel the Council of Basel; the rump council reconvened in Lausanne before dissolving itself in 1449.
Works
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Works about the Council of Basel-Ferrara-Florence
[edit]- The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, Volume 3 (1837)
- "The Reunion Councils: The Council of Ferrara-Florence, 1438–1439," in The Orthodox Eastern Church by Adrian Fortescue (1907)
- "Council of Florence," in Catholic Encyclopedia, (ed.) by Charles G. Herbermann and others, New York: The Encyclopaedia Press (1913)
- "Basel, Council of," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Ferrara-Florence, Council of," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
- "Basel, Council of," in The New International Encyclopædia, New York: Dodd, Mead and Co. (1905)