Primary Lessons in Swatow Grammar/Lesson XXII
Gender.
- lâm,
- male.
- nńg,
- female.
- lâm-nńg; lâm-hũ,
- male and female.
- ta-pou,
- a male (rustic use).
- cha-bóu,
- a female (rustic„ use„).
- chṳ-niêⁿ,
- a female; feminine.
- ta-pou chṳ-niêⁿ,
- male and female.
- lâm-chṳ́-kiáⁿ,
- a male child.
- chṳ-niêⁿ-kiáⁿ,
- a female child.
- lâm-jî,
- a boy.
- nńg-jî,
- a girl.
- ta-pou-kiáⁿ,
- a male child.
- ta-pou nâng,
- a man (rustic use).
- cha-bóu-nâng,
- a woman (rustic„ use„).
- cha-bóu-kiáⁿ,
- a female child (rustic„ use„).
- chṳ-niêⁿ-nâng,
- girls; young misses.
- nńg--nâng,
- young women.
- a-má-nâng,
- middle aged, or, elderly women.
- hũ-jîn,
- a woman, or, lady (courteous).
- lãu-m,
- an old lady (courteous„).
- kou-nîeⁿ,
- a miss.
- tau-kiáⁿ,
- a son.
- cháu-kiáⁿ,
- a daughter.
- lâm-nńg-kiáⁿ,
- sons and daughters,
- ta-pou-sun,
- a grandson (rustic).
- cha-bóu-sun,
- a granddaughter (rustic„).
- cháu-sun,
- granddaughter„ (more polite).
- tau-sun,
- a grandson (more polite„).
- lãu-phûa,
- an old wife (not always courteous).
- pẽ; a-pa; a-tia; a chú,
- father.
- âi; a-bó; a-niêⁿ; a-neⁿ,
- mother.
- pẽ-bó,
- father and mother.
- nõ-chhin; sang-chhin,
- parents.
- pẽ-chhin,
- paternal parent.
- hó-chhin,
- maternal parent.
- pẽ-kiáⁿ,
- father and sons.
- hiaⁿ-tĩ; hiaⁿ-tĩ-kiáⁿ,
- brothers,
- chí-mūe; ché-mūe,
- sisters.
- sié-nńg-jî; sié-nńg-chṳ́,
- little daughters.
- a-kong a-má,
- grandfather and grandmother.
- a-só,
- elder brother’s wife.
- a-sím,
- the wife of an a-chek, i.e. aunt.
- a-m,
- the wife of an a-peh, i.e. aunt.
- sié-m; tĩ-hũ,
- a younger brother’s wife.
- a-î,
- maternal aunts.
- a-kou,
- paternal aunts.
- bó-kũ,
- maternal uncles; wife’s brothers.
- chek-peh,
- paternal uncles; husband’s brothers.
- chek-tie̍t,
- uncle and nephew.
- chhi-kũ,
- a wife’s brother.
- chek-peh hiaⁿ-tĩ,
- male cousins whose fathers are brothers.
- chek-peh chí-mūe,
- female cousins„ whose„ fathers„ are„ brothers.„
- ang; jî-sài; jî-hu; hu-sài; hu-kun; chiãng-hu,
- husband.
- bóu; ke-ãu; chhi; hũ; lãi--nâng; ke-lãi; ke-kuàn,
- wife.
- ang-bóu; ang-chiá; hu-hũ,
- husband and wife.
- kiáⁿ-sài; nn̂g,
- son-in-law.
- sim-pũ,
- daughter in law.
- tâng-sāi,
- sisters-in-law.
- chhi-î,
- a wife’s sisters.
- bó-î,
- mother’s sisters.
- tiẽⁿ-nâng tiẽⁿ-m,
- the husband’s father-in-law and mother-in-law.
- nga̍k-pẽ nga̍k-bó,
- the„ husband’s„ father„ in„ law„ and„ mother„ in„ law.„
- ta-kuaⁿ ta-ke,
- the wife’s father-in-law and mother-in-law.
- pié-hiaⁿ-tĩ, pié-chí-mūe,
- cousins, &c.
- a-iâ,
- an esquire.
- a-nái,
- wife of an esquire, or graduate.
- a-sià,
- son of an esquire or graduate.
- lṳ́ kâi-a-sià,
- your son (said to one of the gentry).
- lṳ́ ũ-jie̍h-chōi chhoiⁿ-kim?
- how many thousands of gold, i.e. daughters, have you?
- lṳ́ ũ-kúi-kâi a-sià?
- how many young esquires have you?
- lṳ́ kúi-kâi kong-chṳ́?
- how many sons have you? (said to dignitaries).
- lṳ́ khun-tõng jie̍h-chōi-ūi?
- you have older and younger brothers, how many personages? (very polite).
- uâng-ke, uâng-hõu,
- king and queen.
- nńg-uâng,
- a queen in own right.
- chóng-tok hu-jîn,
- the Vice-roy and lady.
- tãu-thâi, a-nái,
- the Tau-tai and Madam.
- hûe-siēⁿ,
- a Buddhist priest; a bonze.
- nîⁿ-kou; hûe-siēⁿ-phûa,
- a nun.
- a-niê,
- Mrs.
- sin-seⁿ, sin-seⁿ-niê,
- teacher and wife.
- thâu-ke, thâu-ke-niê,
- master and mistress of the house.
- chûn-chú, chûn-chú-niê,
- master of vessel and wife (if foreigner).
- chiàⁿ-chhi; chiàⁿ-nâng; ngûan-phùe,
- the proper wife.
- chhiah-kha,
- a concubine.
- chhiap; jī-nâng,
- concubine„.
- nôuⁿ-po̍k,
- a male servant.
- nńg-pī,
- a female servant,
- niⁿ-bó,
- a wet nurse.
- kiau-kiáⁿ-bó,
- a nurse.
- a-má,
- a child’s nurse (borrowed and local).
- lâm-teng,
- adult males.
- jie̍h-chōi lâm-teng?
- how many adults are there?
- chhâi-hông, thīⁿ-saⁿ sai-pẽ,
- a tailor.
- thīⁿ-saⁿ sím; má--nâng chhâi-hông,
- a sewing woman.
- lâm-o̍h,
- a male school.
- nńg-o̍h,
- a female school.
- tōa-lâm-o̍h,
- an adult male school.
- tōa-nńg-o̍h,
- an adult female school.
- hûe-siēⁿ-am,
- a monastery.
- nîⁿ-kou-am; nńg-am,
- a nunnery.
Gender of Animals &c.
| gû-kóu, | male of | oxen. | gû-bó, | female of | oxen. |
| bé-kóu, | male„ of„ | horses. | bé-bó | female„ of„ | horses |
| tṳ-kóu, | male„ of„ | pigs. | tṳ-láng; tṳ-bó, | female„ of„ | pigs. |
| ngiau-kóu, | male„ of„ | cats. | ngiau-niêⁿ, | female„ of„ | cats. |
| ngiau-bó, | female„ of„ | cats„ | |||
| koi-ang, | male„ of„ | chickens. | koi-bó, | female„ of„ | chickens. |
| ah-hêng, | male„ of„ | ducks. | ah-bó, | female„ of„ | ducks. |
| chiáu-kang, (kak) | of„ | birds. | chiáu-bó, | female„ of„ | birds. |
| hṳ̂-kang, | male„ of„ | fishes. | hṳ̂-bó, | female„ of„ | fishes. |
| chûa-kang, | male„ of„ | snakes. | chûa-bó, | female„ of„ | snakes. |
kang and bó are male and female of all sorts of reptiles and insects.