Principia Ethica/Index
INDEX.
Aesthetic enjoyments 189-202, 203 judgment 215 temperament 216 Aesthetics 200Affection beauty of 204-5 misdirected 195, 198 reciprocal 198 value of 188-9, 203-5 Altruism 96-7, 167 Analytic judgments 7, 29, 33-4, 35, 220-1Appreciation 189-90, 200, 204-5, 221 Approval 131 Approve 60 Approbation 171Appropriate, inappropriate 192, 199, 204-5, 209, 211, 220 defined 190 Aristotle 4 definition of virtue 171 valuation of virtues 176-7 valuation of knowledge 199 Art value of 188 representative, value of 193, 195, 196, 200 Autonomy 127
Bad 5, 27, 28, 95, 140, 143, 157, 178, 181, 188, 209, 210, 213, 214, 216, 218 'Based on' 38, 49, 54, 114, 115, 118, 120, 122, 144 Beauty corporeal 203-4 no criterion of 202 definition of 201-2, 208 mental 203-5 'seeing' of 190-1 value of 28, 81-2, 83-5, 86, 94, 188-9, 201-2, 209, 211, 224 Being, dist. from existence 110-11 Belief, value of 193-200, 208, 210-11, 212, 219, 224-5 Benevolence, Sidgwick's 'principle of Rational' 102-3 Bentham 145 naturalistic fallacy 17-19 quantity of pleasure 77-8 Bradley, F. H. pleasure and desire 70 theory of judgment 125 Butler, Bishop 86, 206
Casuistry 4-5 Causal judgments relation to Ethics 21-7, 36, 146-8, 149, 180Causal relations 31-3, 34-6 Chastity 158 Classical style 215-16 Christ on value of motives 178 on love 179 Christian Ethics 178 on 'external' Tightness 177 on 'internal' Tightness 178-9 on value of motives 177-9 on value of virtue 174 Clifford, W. K. 40 Cognition of evil 217-19 dist. from knowledge 194 relation to will and feeling 129-30, 133, 135-6, 141 value of 85, 189-92, 194, 199, 208, 212, 224, 225 Commands, confused with moral laws 128-9, 141 Common sense 224 on value of pleasure 86, 91-2, 94-5 on duties 156-9 Compassion 217, 219, 220, 225 Conduct, relation of to Ethics 2-3, 146, 180 Conscience defined 178 not infallible 149, 180 Conscientiousness 218 defined 179 utility of 180 Contempt 211, 217 Corporeal beauty 203-4 Courage 217 Crimes 161 Criterion of beauty 202 evolution as 46, 50, 55-6 of goodness 137-8 pleasure as 91-2, 94-5, 108 of right and wrong 223 will as 137-8 of truth 133 Cruelty 209-11, 218
Darwin 47 Definition, nature of 6-9, 18-20 Desirable, meaning of 65-7, 73 Desire, cause and object of 68-70, 73-4 Duty = cause of or means to good 24-5, 105, 146-8, 167, 180, 223 fuller definitions of 148, 161, 180-1, 222 incapable of being known 149-50, 181 mainly negative 218 object of psychological intuition 148 relations to expediency 167-70, 181 interest 170-1, 181 possibility 150-2 rightness 148 utility 146-7, 167-70 virtue 172 will 160, 161 not self-evident 148, 181 self-regarding 168
Egoistic Hedonism 18 Egoism, as doctrine of end 18, 96-105, 109 contradiction of 99, 101-5, 109 relation to Hedonism 97-8 relation to Naturalistic Hedonism 104-5 Sidgwick's 'Rational' 98-9, 102-4 Egoism, as doctrine of means 96-7, 105, 167 Emotion aesthetic 190 value of 189-92, 199, 203, 204-5, 208, 209, 211, 212, 217, 224, 225 Empirical 39, 111, 123 Empiricism 103, 124-5, 130 End = effect 32 End = good in itself 18, 24, 64-6, 72, 73, 79-81, 83, 85, 94-5, 184, 216 dist. from 'good as means' 24, 72, 74, 79-81, 89, 90, 94-5, 106-7, 173-4, 178, 216, 223 'ultimate' 51, 83, 85, 96-7, 99-102, 183, 189 'never justifies means' 147, 163 End = object of desire 68, 70, 71, 72 Enjoyment 77, 96, 188, 208 aesthetic 188-9, 203 of evil and ugly 208-11, 218 sexual 95 Envy 211 Epistemology 133, 140-1 Ethics Evolutionistic 46, 50, 54, 58 Metaphysical 39, 58, 113-15 Naturalistic 39-41, 58, 59 Practical 115-18, 140, 146, 149, 151, 154, 180, 222 province of 1-6, 21, 24, 26-7, 36, 37, 77, 115, 118, 142-6, 184, 222-4 Eudaemonist 175 Evil 153, 156, 158, 160, 186, 193, 205, 207-14, 224, 225 mixed 208, 209, 211 positive value of 216-22, 225 Evolution 46-8, 54-8 Evolutionistic 46, 50, 52, 54, 58 Existence dist. from being 110-12 judgments about 123-5 relation to value 115-18, 118-22, 125-6, 194, 196, 197-9, 206, 210, 216, 219, 220, 221, 225
Expediency 167-70, 181
Expediency 167-70, 181
Feeling supposed analogy to cognition 129-31, 141 supposed bearing on Ethics 129-31, 141 Fiction 121-2 Freedom, value of 86, 186 Freedom (of Will) 127
God 82, 102-4 love of 113,194, 195-6, 200 Good indefinable 6-16, 41, 79, 110-11, 142-4 = means to good 21, 24 the Absolute 183, 184, 186 the Human 183, 184, 186 mixed and unmixed 208, 209, 214, 215, 217, 219-20, 224 my own 97-9, 101, 170 'private' 99 the 8-9, 18 'Universal' 99-102 Will 174-5, 179 n. 2, 180 Green, T. H. 139 Guyau, M. 46
Habit 171, 175-6, 177 Hatred 211, 214 of beautiful and good 211, 217, 225 of evil and ugly 178, 217, 218, 220, 221, 225 Health 42-3, 65, 157, 167 Heaven 115, 174, 183, 185, 195 upon Earth 186 Hedonism 39, 52, 59-63, 90-1, 96, 108-9, 174 Egoistic 18 Ethical 70, 144 Intuitionistic 59, 74-6, 144 Naturalistic 46, 50, 53, 54, 68, 104, 105 Psychological 18, 68, 69, 70, 73 Univerealistic 103 Hegel 30, 34, 110 Heteronomous 127 Higher 48-9, 78 Hobbes 97 Honesty 175-6 Hypothetical laws 22, 155
Ideal three meanings of 183-4 the 183, 185, 205-7, 220-1 Idealistic 130, 205 Imagination, value of 193, 194, 196, 197, 210, 219, 220, 221, 224 Imperative 128 Industry 157, 167 Intention 179 n. 1 Interest 102 meaning of 97-8, 106, 170-1 dist. from 'duty' 170-1, 181 Intrinsic evil 207, 213, 218, 224 value 17, 21, 25-30, 36, 147, 173-7, 187, 189, 207, 214-16, 222-4 Intuition = proposition incapable of proof 59, 77, 108 in psychological sense 75, 79, 85, 92, 108, 144, 148-9, 173 Intuitionism in Sidgwick's sense 59, 76, 144 in proper sense 106, 148
Judgment error of 192-3 two types of ethical 21, 23-7, 115, 146, 148, 222, 224 Justice 178 Justify 97, 101, 147, 163
Kant 110, 129 'Copernican revolution' 133 value of Good Will 174-5, 179 n. 2, 180 value of Happiness 174-5 theory of judgment 125 'Kingdom of Ends' 113 'practical love' 179 connection of 'goodness' with 'will' 126-8 Knowledge involves truth of object 132, 134 involves belief 194 value of 82, 86, 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, 211, 221 Lasciviousness 209-10 Law ethical 155 hypothetical 22, 155 legal 126, 128 moral 126-8, 146, 148, 160, 162, 165 natural 26, 29, 57, 126, 183, 186 scientific 22-3, 124, 155 Legal 126, 128 Leibniz 125 Life 15, 46, 50, 52, 156 Logical dependence 61, 110, 118, 122, 139, 143-4 fallacy 140-1 Love Christ and Kant on 179 of beautiful and good 177-9, 199, 204, 217, 224 of evil and ugly 209, 210, 211, 217, 225 Lucian 45 Lust 209-10, 218 Lying 154
Mackenzie, Prof. J. S. 114, 120 Material qualities, value of 204, 205-7, 221, 225 Matter, value of 205-7 Meaning, 'to have no' 31, 34-5 Means = cause or necessary condition 18, 21-3, 89, 180 dist. from 'part of organic whole' 27, 29-30, 32, 220 goodness as, dist. from intrinsic value 21, 24, 26, 27, 37, 72, 74, 79-81, 89, 90, 94-5, 106-7, 115, 118, 173-4, 178, 187, 195-6, 197-8 216, 223 'not justified by end' 147, 163 Mental beauty of 203-5, 225 value of 205-7 Mercy 178 Metaphysical 39, 58, 110-15, 139-40 Method of discovering intrinsic value 20, 36, 59-60, 64, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 142-5, 173, 185-6, 187-8, 195, 197-8, 206-7, 209, 223 of discovering value as means 22-3, 146, 148-54, 172-3 Mill, J. S. 145 Hedonism 63-81, 108 naturalistic fallacy 40, 66-7, 69, 72-3, 74, 104, 108 Psychological Hedonism 68,72,73-4 quality of pleasure 77-81, 108 Utilitarianism 104-5 Moral approbation 171 law 126-8, 146, 148, 160, 162, 165 obligation 128 sentiment 168, 178, 217-19 Motive 67, 70, 177, 17B-80 Murder 148, 151, 154, 156-7, 178
Natural laws 26, 29, 57, 126, 183, 186 objects and properties 13-14, 39-41, 58, 110-11 selection 47 Natural = normal 42-4, 58 Natural = necessary 44-5, 58 Naturalism 20, 40, 58, 144 Naturalistic Ethics 39-41, 58, 59 fallacy 10, 13-14, 18-20, 38-9, 48, 57, 58, 61, 64, 66-7, 69, 72-3, 74, 104, 108, 114, 118, 124, 125, 139, 173, 176, 201 Hedonism 46, 50, 53, 54, 68, 104, 105 Nature 40-1, 110, 111, 112 Nature, life according to 41-2, 113 Nature, value of 188, 193, 195, 200, 206 Necessity analytic 22, 33-4, 35, 220, 221 causal or natural 29, 31-2, 34, 186, 187 New Testament 177, 178, 179
Object of cognition 141, 191, 192, 193, 211 of desire 68-70 natural 13-14, 39-41, 58, 110-11 Objective 82, 201 Obligation moral 103, 128, 147 Obligatory 25, 148, 170 Organic relation, unity, whole common usage 30-6 my own usage 27-31, 32-3, 36, 93, 96, 149, 184, 187, 189, 190, 202, 206, 208, 212, 215, 220, 223 Ought to aim at 24-6, 100 to do 26, 105, 115, 116, 117, 127, 128, 140, 146, 148, 173, 180, 223 to be or exist 17, 115, 118, 127, 128, 148, 173, 180, 223
Pain 64, 65, 210, 212-4, 217, 222-3, 225 Particular 3-4 Perception 111, 112, 134, 136 Pessimism 51, 53, 156 Plato on Egoism 98 on goods 178 on Hedonism 88 on value of Knowledge 199 on universal truths 111 Pleasure 12-13, 16 consciousness of 87-91,109,212 as criterion 91-2, 108 and desire 68-71, 73-4 and 'pleasures' 79 'quality of' 77-81 value of, 39, 46, 50-4, 59-66, 71-2, 74-5, 79-81, 83, 85-96, 144, 146, 171, 173, 174, 188, 205, 212-14, 222-3 Pity 217, 221 Positive science 39 Possible action 150-1 Practical, 216, 221 Ethics 115-18, 140, 146, 149, 151, 154, 180, 222 Philosophy 2 Practice 2, 20 Praise 171 Preference 77-9, 131 Promises 157 Property, respect of 157 Propositions, types of 123-6 Prove 11, 65, 66, 74, 75-7, 99, 112, 137, 141, 143, 145, 169, 181 Prudence, 168 'Maxim of' 102-4 Psychological 11, 130, 140, 148 Hedonism 18, 68, 69, 70, 73 Punishment 164 retributive or vindictive 214, 215, 216, 221
Reason 143-4 Representative art 193 Reward 174 Right 18, 24-5, 105, 146, 180, 216, 218, 223 dist. from 'duty 1 148 relation to expediency 167 externally 176-7 internally 179 n. 1 Romantic style 215-16 Rousseau 42
Sanctions 159, 164 Secondary qualities 206 Self-evidence 143, 144, 148, 181 Self-realisation 113, 114, 120, 188 Self-sacrifice 170 Sensation 134 Sensationalist 130 Sidgwick, Henry 145 value of beauty 81-4, 85-7 on Bentham 17-19 rationality of Egoism 99-103 'good' unanalysable 17 Hedonism 59, 63, 64, 81-7, 91-6, 108-9 'method' of Intuitionism 59, 92-4 value of knowledge 82, 86 neglects principle of organic wholes 93 pleasure as criterion 91-2, 94-5 quality of pleasure 77, 81 value of unconscious 81-4 Sins 161 Spencer, Herbert 46, 48-58 Spinoza 110, 113 Spiritual, value of 205-6 Summum Bonum 183, 205 Stoics 41, 110 Synthetic 7, 58, 143
Taste, error of 192-3, 211 Taylor, A. E. 60 Temperance 157, 168 Theodicies 220 Tragedy 219, 221 Truth relation to existence 111, 124-5 cognition 130, 132-4, 136, 141, 196 knowledge 134, 194 types of 111-12, 124-5 value of 85-6, 193-200, 208, 210, 211, 212 Tyndall 40
Ugly 208, 209-11, 214, 216-19, 221 Ultimate end 51, 83, 85, 96-7, 99-102, 183, 189 Unity 222 organic, see 'Organic' Universal Good 99-102 truths 21-3, 27, 57, 111, 126, 154-5, 181Universalistic Hedonism 103 Useful 106, 146, 167 Utilitarianism 63, 96, 99, 104-7, 109 Utopias 183, 186
Value intrinsic 17, 21, 25-30, 36, 147, 173-7, 187, 189, 207, 214-16, 222-4 as means 21, 174, 195-6 negative 215, 216Vice 171, 209, 211 Virtue definition of 171-3, 181, 223 three kinds of 175 mixed 221 relation to 'duty' 172 value of 83, 85, 86, 87, 173-80, 181-2, 217-19, 221-2 Volition supposed coordination with cognition 129-30, 133, 135-6, 141 supposed bearing on Ethics 130, 136, 141
Whole good as a 208, 214-16, 219, 221 good on the 214-16, 219, 220, 221 organic, see 'Organic'Wickedness 220Will as criterion of value 137-8 relation to duty 160, 161, 180 the Good 174-5, 179 n. 2, 180 supposed analogy to cognition 129 30, 135-6 supposed bearing on Ethics 126-7, 128-31, 135-9, 141Wrong 180, 218, 223
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