Public Opinion/Index

by Walter Lippmann

INDEX

• Absolutism, 156
• Acquisition, 26
• Adams, Henry, 108
• Adams, H. F., 58, 63
• Adams, John, 277
• Adams, J. Q., 287
• Adler, Alfred, 176
• Advertising, 323
• Advertisements, 322
• Alien, 68
• Allegory, 159
• Alsace-Lorraine, 144, 213
• Amendment of constitutions, 137
• America
• historical integration, 217; national will, 193; World War experience, 110
• American civilization, 108
• American marines and the Dalmatian coast, 17
• "American rights," 202
• Americanism, 86; as a symbol, 206
• Americanization 85
• Ames, Fisher, 271
• Anemia, 50
• Anglo-Saxon, 145
• Apprehension, 80
• Aristotle, 257; on slavery, 96
• Armies, 43
• Art, moving pictures and masterpieces, 165; stereotyped shapes and, 83
• Artists, pioneering, 167
• Asquith, Margot, 8, 55
• Attention, distractions of city life, 72; time and attention given to newspapers, 58
• Attrition, 40, 41, 42
• Authorities, 222, 224
• Automatism, 73, 189
• Ayres, L. P., 391
•  
• Backward people, 147
• Bagehot, Walter, 234, 355
• Baseball game, unscored, 341
• Beard, C. A, 219,268
• Behavior, 27, 175
• Belgian priests, 101
• Belgium, 212
• Belloc, Hilaire, 335
• Berenson, Bernard, 83
• Bergson, Henri, 161
• Berman, Louis, 176
• Berthelot, M., 35
• Bierstadt, E. H., 86
• Big Business, 118; newspapers and, 335
• Blind spots, 104, 111
• Bolshevism, 122; Einstein Theory and, 155
• Boundaries, 136
• Bowley, Professor, 149
• Brandegee, Senator, 18
• "Brass Check, The," 335, 361
• Brawl, 80
• Brest-Litovsk, 209, 210, 211, 212
• British Admiralty, 18
• British working class, 152
• Brown, R. W., 350
• Brutality, 418
• Bryce, Lord, 105, 224, 225, 228, 398
• Buncombe, 234, 254
• Bureaus, intelligence, 385; see also Intelligence bureaus
• Burr, Aaron, 279
• Bury, J. B., 107
• Buying public, 317, 324
•  
• Cabinet, 388; intelligence bureaus for, 386
• Camouflage, 237
• Cannon, W. B., 176
• Capitalism, 298; newspaper and, 336
• Captains of industry, 118
• Castelnau, General de, 36
• Casualties of the war, 239-240
• Catholic feudal society, 305
• Catholics and Germans, 101
• Cause and effect, 153
• Censorship, 30; military, 43; privacy and, 35
• Chafee, Zechariah, 318
• Change of name, 87
• Characters, 171, 174, 179
• Chamwood's Lincoln, 8
• Chesterton, G. K., 22, 23
• Christmas, 406
• City, life distracting, 72, 74; trolley-car company and, 143
• City States of Greece and Italy, 267
• Civil liberties, 318, 319
• Clang, 71,72
• Class consciousness, 26, 182
• Class interest, 186
• Classification, 151; of persons, 89
• Clearness, speed, words, and, 64
• Clemenceau, Georges, 82
• Clothes, 86
• Coal, time element in, 142
• Cobb, Frank, 344
• Codes, 64; facts and, 123; moral, 120; their enemies, 115;
• Coercion, 295; Cole's, 296
• Cointet, Major, 40, 42
• Cole, G. D. H., 295, 296
• Collective mind, 93
• Collectivism, 113
• College societies, 53
• Commercial code, 124
• Common will, crystallizing, 217
• Commune, 296
• Communication, barriers, 49
• Communism, 185, 186, 227
• Community, self-contained, 263
• Competition, 389
• Conditioned response, 204
• Confederation, 217
• Confederation, Articles of, 277
• Conflict, 263
• Confusion of mind, 405
• Congress, 287; ignorance of facts, 288; opinion, creation, 290
• Congressional investigations, 289
• Congressmen, 247
• Conscience, 26
• Consciousness, 70
• Consent, creation of, 248
• Consistency, 81
• Conspiracy of silence, 237
• Constant reader, 328
• Constitution, U. S., Jefferson and, 282; making, 277, 280
• Constitutions, amending, 137
• Contact and opportunity, 46
• Cooperation, 232
• Corporations, 44
• Cosmas's map of the universe, 6
• Cosmopolitans, 55
• Courts, 379
• Credibility of witness, 79
• Creel, George, War propaganda, 46
• Croly, Herbert, 179
• Crowd, aimlessness, 230; psychology, 177
• Cuba, 147
• Czechoslovakia, 241
•  
• Dalmatian coast, 17
• Daniels, Josephus, 18
• Dante, 84, 144, 264
• Davis, Elmer, 323
• Davis, M. W., 122
• Decision, 230; mass, 233
• Definiteness, 81
• Deimling, General von, 36, 37
• Democracy, 30; circumscribed field, 271; functional, 303, 305; government as an instinct, 259; industrial, 146; new theory of, 299; old dogma, 249; philosophy, 267; public opinion made a mystery 254-255; revolution in, 248; two visions, 228; unseen environments, 270
• Democratic ideal, 269
• Democratic theory, 224, 228
• Democrats, 194; pioneer, 260
• "Deserving Democrats," 199
• Determinism, 187, 189
• Devils, 10
• Dewey, John., on the problem of apprehension, 80
• Diblee, G. B., 324
• Dignity, 52, 256, 299, 313
• Diplomatists, 381; Ruritanian propaganda and, 130
• Direct action, limit, 230
• Direct primary, 232
• Discrimination, 69, 71
• Dispositions, 176, 187
• Dogmatist, 123
• Douaumont, 38, 39
• Duration, 138
•  
• Eastern front, 133
• Economic determinism, 183, 185, 187
• Economic mythology, 117
• Economic situation, 51; opinion and, 182
• Education, 408, 412; moral, 179
• Effect and cause, 153
• Einstein, Professor, 106
• Einstein theory and Bolshevism, 155
• Emerson, R. W., 350, 351
• Emotion, memory and, 405; rousing by substitution, 203
• Empathy, 163
• English Guild Socialists, 31, 260, 295
• English press, 353
• Enhancement, 27
• Entering wedge, 369
• Environment, difficulties of our access, 76; indirectly known, 4
• Error, study of, 409
• Erzberger, Matthias, 103
• Eternal principles and the World War, 132
• Europe as symbol, 216
• Evidence, 123
• Evolution, 106, 109
• Expertness, 115
• Experts, 223, 370, 375, 383
• Eyewitness, 79
•  
• Factions, 181
• Factory, 299, 300
• Facts, facing, 30; moral codes and, 123; unseen, 31; weighing properly, 153
• Faith in man, 418
• Faith ladder, 152
• Family Tradition, 52
• Family tree, 145
• Far Eastern Affairs, Division of, 380
• Farmers and democracy, 268
• Fatigue, mental, 72
• Fear of facing facts, 30
• Fears, 155
• Federal party, 279
• Federalism, 397; voluntary, 278
• Fences, mending, 246
• Ferenczi, S., 70
• Fictions, 14, 15, 19
• Fictitious personality, 7
• Fighting motif, 163
• Fiume, 127-128
• Foch, Ferdinand, 237
• Force, rule of, 276; see also Coercion
• Ford, H. J., 257, 258-259, 271, 279, 284
• Foreign affairs, 241
• Foreign policy, 271
• Form, 52
• Foster, W. Z., 403
• Fourteen Points, 207, 210, 212, 214
• France as symbol, 216
• Franco-Prussian war, 213
• Freedom of speech, 318
• Freight rates, 242
• French General Staff and war news, 35, 42
• Freud, Sigmund, 156
• Freudians, 27
• Functions, 304
• Future, illusiveness, 146
•  
• Gary, Judge. 403
• Genealogy, 145, 146
• General news, 325, 329-330, 333, 356
• Gennep, A. von, 82
• Geography, practical, 136
• Germans, 82, 121; Belgian priests legend, 101; killing, 40; in Siberia, 135
• Given, J. L., 324.331.338
• Good will, 385,417
• Goodrich, C. L., 146
• Göttingen, psychology experiment, 82
• Government, as an instinct, 259; inner circle, 228; most momentous question of, 253; natural, inborn art, 257; natural writ, 300; system of checks and balances, 277
• Grasty, Charies, 135
• Great War. See World War
• Greece, city states of, 267
• Greeley, Horace, 331
• Griffiths, Mr., 92
• Great Society, 25, 55, 370
• Group Mind, 30, 92
• Guild Socialism, 293, 31, 260
• Guildsmen, 298
•  
• Hamilton, Alexander, 218; Burr and, 279; on governing body, 257; on lack of state coöperation, 276; state craft, 280
• Hanscom, E. D., 155
• Harding, W. G., 196
• Harmony, 263
• Hart, A. B., 253
• Harvey, George, on American motives, 193
• Hatred, 178
• Headlines, 354
• Hearst, W. R., 323, 332
• Herd instinct, 52
• Hermit, 224
• Hero-worship, 10
• Hierarchy, political, 227, 229, 234; social 51, 53
• High society, 54; newspapers and, 332
• Hindsi'.'ht, 4, 415
• Historic rights and wrongs, 144
• History, popular, and time confusions, 144
• Hobbes, Thomas, 177, 263
• Hotchkiss and Franken questionnaire, 58
• House of Representatives, 281
• Housing shortage, 242
• Huerta, Adela, 200
• Hughes, C. E., on the European war, 202; speech of July 31, 1916, 197
• Human dignity, 256, 299, 313
• Human figure, 84
• Human nature, 121, 124, 187, 189; complexity, 188
• Hurran relations, harmonious, 203
• Huns, 103
• Hysteria, 418
•  
• Ideal, 104
• Ideas, circulation, 48; circulation limits, 46; varying susceptibility, 205
• Illusions, 238
• Imitation, social, 54
• Imperialism, 114
• Impulses, 177
• Income, communication and, 49; economic position and, 51
• Independence, 223, 224, 270; intelligence bureaus, 386
• Indirect costs, 241
• Industrial conditions and newspapers, 346
• Industrial democracy, 146, 300; factory as unit, 299
• Industrial dialectic, 403
• Industrial system, 294
• Information, 408, 409
• Initiative, 232
• Inner circle, 228
• Instinct, 187
• Instinct of the herd, 52
• Institutions and the press, 364
• Intelligence, organized, 367; organizations, 377
• Intelligence bureaus, clearing bouse of, 392; conditions of affectiveness, 386; coordination, 389; exchange of material, 391; funds, tenure, etc., 387; need at Washington, 385; objections, 395; purpose, 399; state, city and county, 393
• Intelligence work, 379, 408
• Interest, enlisting, 159; transfer of, 193
• "Interested." 305
• Intervention, 200
• Intuition, 161, 254
• Ireland, 144
• Irwin, Inez H., 346
• Issue, 232
• Italian Irredenta, 214
• Italy, city states of, 267
• Integration, 217
•  
• Jackson, Andrew, 284
• James, E. L., 66
• James, Henry, 137
• James, William (the first), 137
• James, William, 16, 80, 118, 138, 139, 230, 418; on discriminations and time perspective, 139-140; on the faith ladder, 152; on instinct, 187
• Japan, 68
• Japanese and the Eastern front in the war, 133
• Jastrow, Joseph, 175, 176
• Jean Paul, See Richter, J. P. L.
• Jefferson, Thomas, 219, 257, 267; constitution and, 282
• Jekyll, Dr., 174
• Joffre, General, 9, 10, 13; as editor of war news, 35; at Verdun, 35, 37
• Jones, Ernest, 70
• Journalism, 32, 261; see also Newspapers
• Journalists, 360
• Judgment, 56
• Jung, C.G., 71,72, 74
•  
• Kempf, E. J., 28, 176
• Killing, 121, 178
• King, Senator, of Utah, 135
• Knox, Senator, 18
•  
• Labor, 152
• Labor disputes and the newspapers, 346
• Lalxir Movement, 152
• Laissez-faire 112, 113, 114
• Lamp post, four men at, 23
• Landscapes, 87
• Lansdowne, Lord, 209
• Lansing, Robert, 264
• Langenhove, F. van, 82, 100
• Language, condensation, 64; inadequacy, 66
• Laski, H. J., 233, 397
• Last chapters, 411
• Leaders, 233; advantages, 247; policy with the mass., 244; propaganda, 247; rank and file and, 234; social, 53; wise, 245
• League of Nations, 19, 20; American opinion, 194
• LeBon, Gustave, 177, 197
• Lee, J. M., 331
• Lee, Vernon, 163
• Legislation, 232; see also Congress
• Lenin, Nicolai, 185
• Lewis, G. C, 223
• Lewis, Sinclair, 12, 167, 360
• Liberty, 318
• "Liberty and the News," 358
• Lincoln, Abraham, 199
• Lippmann, Faye, 354
• Lippmann, Walter, 354
• Littell, Philip, 119
• Locard, Edmond, 79
• Logrolling, 291
• London, 353
• Long, C. E., 72
• Lowell, A. Lawrence, 230
• Lucidity of mind, 69
• Ludendorff, General, 240
• Lusitania, 202
• Lusk Committee, 319
•  
• McCarthy, Charles, 369
• McCormick, Senator, 18
• McDougall, William, 188
• Machiavelli, Niccolo, 264, 266, 295
• Machine, political, 225; reason for, 229
• Machinery of knowledge, 365, 384
• Madison, James, 180, 267, 277, 279
• Magazines, 63, 76
• Magic period, 71
• "Main Street," 12, 55, 167, 360
• Manchester Guardian, 67
• Marriott, W. K., 265
• Martin, E. D., 177, 244
• Marx, Karl, 184, 185
• Marxism, 105
• Mass, leaders and the, 243; righteousness of, 257
• Mastery, 27
• Mather, Increase, 155
• Mechanical invention, 108
• Melting Pot pageant, 86
• Mental confusion, 405
• Mental fatigue, 72
• Mentality, low, 75
• Merriam, C. E., 373
• Merz, Charles, 354
• Metaphors, 160
• Mexico, 68, 200
• Michels, R., 225
• Mill,J. S., 318
• Milton, John, 318
• Mitchcll, Wesley, 111
• Monroe Doctrine, 271
• Moral codes, 120; particular view of facts and, 123
• Moral education, 179
• Morale, 209, 239
• Moralist and dogmatist, 123
• Moving pictures, 17, 91, 139, 165, 342
• Münsterberg, Hugo, 80
• Mutinies, military, 240
• Mutiny at sea, 413
• Mystery and public opinion, 255
• Myth, 123
•  
• Names, 160, 203; changing, 87
• National soul, 93
• National university, 392
• National Will, 30
• Negroes, 54, 148
• New, Senator, 19
• New York City, writ of administration, 393
• New York Times, 332
• News, guess work, 343; lack of exact tests, 359; machinery of record, 342; nature of, 338; reader's interest, 354; system of record and, 343; truth distinguished from, 358; uncovering, 339; unpaid for, 321
• News-gathering, 320, 334
• Newspapers, 31, 32; accuracy, 329; casual relation of the public to 321; circulation, 323, 326; concealed payment for, 323; constant reader, 328; diary and personal patter, 330; editor's position, 333, 352; influence on one another, 353; institutions and, 364; investigations of industrial conditions, 347; misrepresentation, 350; political science and 320; publishing as a business, 326; radical, 336; salaries of reporters, etc., 334; time and attention given to, 58; truth and, 362; unique position, 321
• Nivelle, General, 41, 240
• Noise, 72
• Northcliffe, Lord, 353
•  
• Observation, 79; experiment as to, 82; trained, 105; untrained, 88
• Ochs, A. S., 323, 327
• Officeholders, 284, 385
• Oliver, F. S., 264
• Oliver's Hamilton, 8
• Omnicompetent citizen, 273, 284, 364
• Opinion, 123; property and 182
• Opportunity and contact, 46
• Organization, political, 225
• Organizations of research and reference, 377
• Organized intelligence, 367
• Ostrogorski, M., 225
• Outside public, 400
• Oversoul, 228–229
•  
• Pageant of the Melting Pot, 86
• Pain, 26
• Palmer, A. Mitchell, 319
• Paris, 49
• Party politics, 286
• Patriotic code, 124
• Patronage, 226, 276, 284
• Patterson, F. T., 164, 168
• Pai, 100
• Peace terms, 211
• Peel. Sir Robert, 197
• Pellé, General, 35, 36
• People, voice of the, 257
• Perry. R. B , 376
• Personality of, 89; distinctions in self, 173; fictitious, 7; symbolic, 11
• Penuasion, 248
• Pétain. General, 240
• Philosophy of life, 90, 119
• Photographs, 92
• Pictures, 25, 29, 31, 92, 161, 162, 165
• Piierrefeu, Jean de, 9, 13, 35, 240
• Pittsburgh Survey, 347
• Plato's Cave, 5
• Plato's Republic, 264, 411
• Pleasure, 26
• Plots, 129
• Pluralism, new forms, 295
• Policy, incidence, 241, 246; new, 244
• Political assumptions, 260
• Political behavior, 21
• Political life complexity, 21, 22
• Political science, 32, 362; newspapers and, 320
• Political theories, 255
• Political wisdom, innate, 257
• Political world, 29
• Politicians, fence-mending, 246; professional, 231
• Politics ancient theory, 261; fighting motif in, 164; ideologies, 168; organization, 225; reason and, 411
• Popular will, 193
• Preconceptions, 90
• Prejudice, 119, 254,410
• Present, the, 138–139
• Presidency, 287, 289
• Press. See Newspapers
• Press agents, 344
• Press associations, 325
• Privacy, 45; censorship and, 35
• Private affairs, 44; public af airs and, 54
• Privileged, 226, 276, 291
• Progress, 109; American idea, 108; idea, 107
• Propaganda, 26, 248; government during the World War, 46; leaders and 247; war news, 42
• Property, unequal distribution, 182
• Proportional representation, 233
• Propriety, 52
• Protection, 26
• Prussia, 213
• Pseudo-environment, 15, 25, 27, 28
• Psychoanalysts, 27
• Psychology, behavior and character, 175; new, 28
• Public the, as judge in intricate matters, 401
• Public affairs, 29, 30; private and, 54
• Public office, 284
• Public opinion, 29, 362; civil liberty and, 318, 319; codified version of facts and, 125; continuous opinions, 398; defective 31, 32: distance of the event from, 45: economic situation as cause, 182; lack of literature on, 253; making a mystery of, 254, 255; Sir Robert Peel on, 197; symbolism, 11
• Public spirit, 273
• Publicity men, 344
• Pugnacity, 164
•  
• Quota, 391
•  
• Races, 145
• Rank and file, 234, 243
• Rapid transit, 48
• Realism and romanticism, 166
• Reason, appeal to, 411
• Reasoning. untrained, 154
• Recording machinery, 342
• Referendum, 232
• Relativismus, 106
• Relativity, 106
• Repington diaries, 8
• Reporting, 261; New York Times, 332; places where news is obtained, 338; salaries, 334
• Reports, 400
• Representative government, 31, 287, 399; new theory, guild socialism, 298
• Representatives, functional, 303
• Repressed cravings, 176
• Republican schism of 1912, 199
• Republicans, 194
• Research and reference organizations, 377
• Respectability, 52
• Response, 71, 72
• Revolution, 246; democratic, 248; mechanical (1820–50), 107
• Rhineland, 214
• Richter, J. P. L, 66
• Rights and duties, 264
• Rights of humanity, 215
• Robinson, T. H., 140
• Rogers. J. E., 58
• Romanticism and realism, 166
• Roosevelt. Theodore, 198, 199, 201
• Ross. E. A., 54, 225
• Rotation in office, 273, 286
• Rousseau, J. J., 267
• Ruritania, 130
• Russell. Bertrand, 318
• Russia, 185, 187, 207, 309
• Russian news, 353
• Ruth, Babe, 347
•  
• Saar valley, 214
• Sack. A. J., 135
• Sagas, 170
• St. Ambrose, 5
• Salem. Mass., 48
• Samples, 148, 151, 153
• Scandal, 128
• Scholars, 105
• Scientists, 370
• Scott. W. D., 58
• Scriptures, 5, 6
• Secrecy, 44
• Secret treaties, 210
• Self-centered man, 253
• Self-contained community, 263
• Self-defense, 121
• Self-determination, 270
• Self-government, 270; human dignity and, 313; men's interest in, 311
• Self-interest, 170, 180
• Self-respect, 96
• Self-sufficiency, 274
• Selves, different, 173
• Senate, 17
• Servant question, 151
• Sexual motif, 163
• Shaw, G. B.,27, 112,418
• Sheffield, England, 149
• Shelley, P. B., 360
• Sherrington, C. S., 80
• Shop, 300
• Silence, conspiracy of, 237
• Sinclair, Upton, 330, 358; "The Brass Check," 335
• Slavery, Aristotle on, 96
• Smart set, 332
• Social analysts, 28
• Social contact, 30
• Social hierarchy, 51, 53
• Social leaders, 53
• Social Purpose, 30
• Social rank, 51
• Social science, experimental method, 377
• Social scientists, 371; strategic position, 375
• Social sets, 50, 52, 54
• Socialism, 182, 184, 186
• Society, Great, 25, 55, 370; High, 54; variety, 22, 23
• Socrates, 411
• Socratic dialogue, 402, 406
• Space, inability to conceive, 133, 135
• Speed, words, clearness, and, 64
• Starving Russian children, 205
• State, Secretary of, 380
• Statehood, 217
• Statesmen, 246
• Statistics, 148
• Steel industry, 336, 347, 403
• Stereotypes, 79; as personal defenses, 95; character, 90; detection, 130; facts and, 111; human and personal, 159; maintenance, value, 89; the perfect, 98; systematizing, 104
• Stories, varying with character of hearer, 170
• Strachey's Queen Victoria, 8
• Strife, 263, 267
• Strikes and the newspapers, 346
• Struggle, 164
• Strunsky, Simeon, on H. G. Wells, 141
• Success, 109, 116
• Suffragists, 346
• Superlative, 109
• Superstition, 14, 71, 155
• Susceptibilities, 75
• Suspense, 164
• Symbolic personality, 11
• Symbols, 11, 206; character, 220; hierarchy, 215; leaders' use of, 234; power and value, 235–236
•  
• Taft, W. H., 135
• Taste, 52
• Taylor, F. W., 369
• Taylor, H. O., 5
• Teachers, 198
• Technical knowledge, 370
• Telegraphy, 64
• Tennyson, Alfred, on evolution, 107
• Teutons, 145
• Thinking, difficult conditions, 73; effective, 56
• Timber, 142
• Time, as element in social problems, 142; attention and time given to newspapers, 58; confusions in history, 144; control of future, 137; factor in politics, 415; presumption about, 138
• Time-conception, 138
• Time perspective, 139, 141
• Tocqueville, Alexis de, 268
• Tolerance, 126
• Townships, 267, 273
• Trade associations, 392
• Trades Union Congress, 152
• Transportation, city problem, 143
• Travel, stories of, 99
• Trotter, W., 52
• Trust in others, 223
• Trusts, 118, 294
• Truth, 318; news distinguished from, 358
•  
• Union, Hamilton and the, 280
• Union League Club, 69
• Unity, 236, 238
• Unseen environment, 396
• Unsuccessful, the, 118
•  
• Vagueness, 203
• Valentine, Robert, 369
• Veblen, Thorstein, 182, 183
• Verdun, 35, 37
• Victoria, Queen, 8
• Victory, HI
• Virgil, 85, 144
• Virginian, 217
• Visualization, 64, 91, 161
• Voice of the people, 257
• Voting, 194, 197; by functions, 306; method of securing homogeneous vote, 199; preferential, 233; reasons, election of 1920, 221
• Vox populi, 259
•  
• Wallas, Graham, 24, 93, 415
• War, 178, 179
• War news, editing in the field, 35
• Washington, D. C, need of intelligence bureaus, 385
• Washington, George, 281
• Washington Post, 17
• Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 309, 394
• Wells, H. G., 415; on history, 140
• White, W. Alanson, 66
• White, Wm. Allen, 108
• Wilcox, D. F., 58, 61
• Will, expression of, 310, 312
• Will of the people, 193
• Will-making, 137
• Wilson, Sir Henry, 237
• Wilson, Woodrow, 196; Fourteen Points, 207, 210, 212, 214; Hughes' attack on policies of, 199; on American motives, 194; phrases, 216; realization of moral crisis of the war, 209; secret treaties and, 210
• Window pane, cracked, 14
• Wolman, Leo, 404
• Woman's party, 346
• Words, Franco-English exchange, 67; speed, clearness, and, 64
• Working class, 151
• World, political, 29
• World made safe for democracy, 215
• World War. American view, 134; America's experience, 110; casualties, 239–240; crisis and Wilson's part, 207; government's propaganda, 46; treaties concluding, 130
• Wright, P. S., 237, 238, 239
•  
• Yap, 49
• Yes or no, 220, 230
•  
• Zurich Association Studies, 71, 72