Report on the Radiolaria/Plates1

by Ernst Haeckel

PLATE 1.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order COLLOIDEA.

Family Thalassicollida.

PLATE 1.
Thalassicollida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Actissa princeps, n. sp.,	×	300	13
The entire living Spumellarium. c, The spherical central capsule containing finely granulated protoplasm, which is radially striated in the cortical zone; v, spherical vacuoles enclosed by the protoplasm; n, the spherical nucleus in the centre; l, the concentric nucleolus; f, the radial pseudopodia which pierce the calymma or the (yellowish) jelly-envelope of the central capsule and arise from the granular sarcomatrix.
Fig. 1a. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, in which the original central nucleus is cleft into numerous small nuclei,	×	400
Fig. 1b. Half of the central capsule of another specimen, filled up by flagellate spores,	×	400
Fig. 1c. Eight isolated flagellate spores,	×	800
Fig. 2. Thalassolampe maxima, n. sp.,	×	8	17
The entire living Spumellarium. c, The big spherical central capsule; a, the large alveoles filling the central capsule and surrounding a central nucleus; f, the pseudopodia piercing the extracapsular calymma.
Fig. 2a. The nucleus alone, with numerous nucleoli,	×	30
Fig. 3. Thalassopila cladococcus, n. sp.,	×	20	17
c, The big central capsule; a, numerous large alveoles contained in the central capsule; k, oil globules, many of which are placed in the radially striped cortical zone; the nucleus placed centrally, is covered with numerous radial apophyses or cæcal sacs. f, The radially striped calymma.
Fig. 4. Thalassicolla maculata, n. sp.,	×	100	21
c, The central capsule; v, vacuoles filling this capsule; n, the central nucleus; l, the concentric nucleolus; g, the voluminous calymma, a small radial piece of which is only represented; a, the large alveoles; b, peculiar exoplasmatic bodies; p, black pigment in the inner zone; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone.
Fig. 4a. An exoplasmatic body,	×	300
Fig. 4b, Vacuoles in the endoplasm,	×	300
Fig. 5. Thalassicolla melacapsa, n. sp.,	×	300	21
n, The large nucleus; l, numerous small nucleoli inside the nucleus; v, the vacuoles filling up the central capsule and separated by black pigment; a, large alveoles in the calymma; k, oil globules; b, exoplasmatic bodies; f, the retracted pseudopodia in the outer zone of the calymma.
Fig. 5a. An endoplasmatic vacuole, resembling a cell,	×	600
Fig. 5b. A piece of the central capsule,	×	600

Plate 1.

PLATE 2.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order BELOIDEA.

Family Thalassosphærida.

PLATE 2.
Thalassosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Lampoxanthium pandora, n. sp.,	×	120	38
The central capsule exhibits distinct pore-canals in its membrane, and a clear interval between this and the coagulated and vacuolated protoplasm. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The spicula are scattered throughout the alveolate calymma.
Fig. 2. Thalassoplancta brevispicula, n. sp. (vel Lampoxanthium brevispiculum),	×	120	36
The central capsule contains numerous clear vacuoles, and in the cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus includes numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is alveolate. The spicula lie only in the cortical zone.
Fig. 3. Thalassoxanthium cervicorne, n. sp.,	×	300	33
The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains a large central nucleus, with a single nucleolus. The spicula surround the thin calymma.
Fig. 4. Thalassoxanthium cervicorne, n. sp.,	×	600	33
A single spiculum.
Fig. 5. Thalassoxanthium medusinum, n. sp.,	×	120	32
The central capsule is filled up by clear vacuoles and contains on its cortical zone a layer of large oil-globules. The central nucleus contains numerous dark nucleoli. The calymma is radially striped, contains numerous small xanthellæ, and is surrounded by the spicula.
Fig. 6. Thalassoxanthium octoceras, n. sp.,	×	400	34
Three isolated spicula.

Plate 2.

PLATE 3.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order COLLOIDEA.

Family Collozoida.

PLATE 3.
Collozoida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Collozoum serpentinum, n sp (vel Collophidium serpentinum, Hkl),	×	10	26
A living cœnobium, with expanded pseudopodia. The spherical calymma (or the common jelly-mass of the colony) is alveolate and contains numerous cylindrical, serpentine, central capsules. Numerous yellow cells or xanthellæ are scattered between the radial pseudopodia in the periphery.
Fig. 2. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp.,	×	50	26
An isolated, cylindrical, worm-shaped, central capsule, with an axial series of oil-globules; the red points are nuclei.
Fig. 3. Collozoum serpentinum, n. sp.,	×	150	26
An isolated, cylindrical, serpentine, central capsule. k, Oil-globules forming an axial series; n, densely placed, red-coloured nuclei;, c, the capsule membrane under which are scattered small black pigment spots in the colourless cortical zone of the endoplasm; a, extracapsular alveoles; x, xanthellæ or "yellow cells."
Fig. 4. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp.,	×	100	28
A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony. Each amœboid central capsule contains an oil-globule; the small red points are nuclei.
Fig. 5. Collozoum amœboides, n. sp.,	×	400	28
c, A single isolated central capsule; n, nuclei; k, oil-globule.
Fig. 6. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp.,	×	30	27
g, A spherical cœnobium or jelly-colony; a, large alveoles, forming a cortical zone; c, central capsules; k, oil-globules.
Fig. 7. Collozoum vermiforme, n. sp.,	×	100	27
c, A single isolated central capsule; x, xanthellæ surrounding this central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei.
Fig. 8. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp.,	×	2	26
A spherical colony; the red points are central capsules.
Fig. 9. Collozoum ellipsoides, n. sp.,	×	150	26
c, A single isolated central capsule; k, oil-globules; n, nuclei.
Fig. 10. Collozoum inerme, Hkl.,	×	2	25
An old, cylindrical, articulated cœnobium; the red points are centralcapsules.
Fig. 11. Collozoum inerme, Hkl.,	×	2	25
A young cylindrical cœnobium; the red points are central capsules.
Fig. 12. Collozoum inerme, Hkl.,	×	400	25
A piece of a young colony with eight small central capsules, without oil-globules. n, The central nucleus in different stages of division. Two capsules are also dividing. x, Xanthellæ in the jelly-like calymma (blue), which also contains numerous vacuoles.

Plate 3.

PLATE 4.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Orders BELOIDEA.

Families Sphærozoida.

PLATE 4.
Sphærozoida
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Sphærozoum trigeminum, n. sp.,	×	50	43
An annular colony. The main mass of the jelly-colony is filled up by large alveoles; the entire surface is densely covered with spicula, and beyond this skeleton-cover lie the spherical central capsules, each with an oil-globule. This species is by mistake not mentioned in the text.
Fig. 2. Sphærozoum alveolatum, n. sp.,	×	50	43
Section through a spherical colony; displaying the inside of a hemisphere. All the central capsules lie in a single stratum on the surface of the jelly-sphere, each being surrounded by a thick-walled alveole. The spicula lie between the alveole and the capsule, which includes a central oil-globule.
Fig. 3. Sphærozoum alveolatum, n. sp.,	×	400	43
A single central capsule, filled up by crystal-spores. Numerous geminato-radiate spicula and spherical xanthellæ lie between the capsule and the including thick-walled alveole. In the jelly-calymma, between the capsule and the alveole, numerous thin ramified pseudopodia are expanded.
Fig. 4. Sphærozoum geminatum, n. sp.,	×	400	45
A single central capsule, with a central oil-globule, surrounded by numerous spicula and spherical xanthellæ. The jelly-substance of the calymma is expanded between the points of the spicula.
Fig. 5. Sphærozoum variabile, n. sp.,	×	300	45
Three isolated spicula.
Fig. 6. Sphærozoum pandora, n. sp. (vel Rhaphidozoum pandora),	×	300	49
A group of various spicula.
Fig. 7. Sphærozoum verticillatum, n. sp.,	×	300	44
A single spiculum.
Fig. 8. Sphærozoum arborescens, n. sp.,	×	300	44
A single spiculum.
Fig. 9. Sphærozoum armatum, n. sp.,	×	300	43
A single spiculum.

Plate 4.

PLATE 5.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Collosphærida.

PLATE 5.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Trypanosphæra transformata, n. sp.,	×	150	111
A living colony. The centre of the spherical cœnobium contains a large alveole, surrounded by a net of sarcode. The entire calymma is filled up by smaller, thin-walled alveoles. Its inner part contains numerous small, young, central capsules (each with an oil-globule) without shells; in the cortical zone of the calymma lie larger capsules, each of which is enclosed by a fenestrated shell with from two to four or more dentated tubes. Between the radiant pseudopodia very numerous small yellow cells (xanthellæ), which are scattered everywhere.
Fig. 2. Trypanosphæra transformata, n. sp.,	×	300	111
A single shell.
Fig. 3. Trypanosphæra coronata, n. sp.,	×	300	110
Fig. 4. Trypanosphæra trepanata, n. sp.,	×	300	110
Fig. 5. Odontosphæra monodon, n. sp.,	×	300	102
Fig. 6. Odontosphæra cyrtodon, n. sp.,	×	300	102
Fig. 7. Acrosphæra inflata, n. sp.,	×	300	101
Fig. 8. Mazosphæra hippotis, n. sp.,	×	400	108
Fig. 9. Mazosphæra lagotis, n. sp.,	×	300	108
Fig. 10. Pharyngosphæra stomodæa, n. sp.,	×	400	98
Fig. 11. Buccinosphæra invaginata. n. sp.,	×	500	99
Each shell contains numerous larger and smaller crystals.
Fig. 12. Tribonosphæra centripetalis, n. sp.,	×	500	98
Each shell contains numerous large crystals.
Fig. 13. Collosphæra polygona, n. sp.,	×	200	96

Plate 5.

PLATE 6.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Collosphærida.

PLATE 6.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Siphonosphæra socialis, n. sp.,	×	500	106
A small piece of the surface of a living cœnobium, seen from the surface. Only four individuals are visible, the central capsule of which contains numerous small nuclei and a central oil-globule. The including spherical lattice-shell is provided with a few (one to four) larger apertures, which are prolonged into short cylindrical tubules. Through these latter radiate bundles of fine pseudopodia, branching and anastomosing, and forming a fine sarcode network between the alveoles of the calymma. On the surface of the alveolated jelly-sphere the pseudopodia form a dense radiating zone. Xanthella or yellow cells are everywhere scattered.
Fig. 2. Siphonosphæra socialis, n. sp.,	×	300	106
A small cœnobium or colony in the state of alveolation, forming a jelly-sphere, composed of a great number of capsulated individuals, densely aggregated. Each central capsule contains an oil-globule, and is enclosed by a spherical lattice-shell, which bears a few (one to four) short cylindrical tubules. Each shell is again enveloped by a membranous polyhedral alveole and separated from it by structureless jelly. The thick cortical jelly-envelope, which surrounds the whole spherical colony, exhibits a fine radial striation, produced by radiating pseudopodia; many xanthellæ or yellow cells are scattered in the calymma.
Fig. 3. Siphonosphæra pipetta, n. sp.,	×	300	108
Fig. 4. Siphonosphæra tubulosa, J. Müller,	×	300	105
The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell, has a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a few xanthella.
Fig. 5. Siphonosphæra chonophora, n. sp.,	×	300	107
Fig. 6. Siphonosphæra serpula, n. sp.,	×	300	107
Fig. 7. Siphonosphæra patinaria, n sp.,	×	300	105
The central capsule, enclosed in the cavity of the shell, contains a central oil-globule, and is surrounded by a few xanthella.
Fig. 8. Siphonosphæra patinaria, n. sp.,	×	300	105
Fig. 9. Siphonosphæra conifera, n. sp.,	×	300	106
Fig. 10. Siphonosphæra cyathina, n. sp.,	×	300	105

Plate 6.

PLATE 7.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Collosphærida.

PLATE 7.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1 Caminosphæra dendrophora, n. sp.,	×	300	112
Fig. 2. Caminosphæra dichotoma, n. sp.,	×	300	112
Fig. 3. Coronosphæra diadema, n. sp.,	×	300	117
Fig. 4. Coronosphæra calycina, n. sp.,	×	300	117
Fig. 5. Otosphæra auriculata, n. sp.,	×	300	116
Fig. 6. Otosphæra polymorpha, n. sp.,	×	300	116
Fig. 7. Solenosphæra serpentina, n. sp.,	×	300	114
Fig. 8. Solenosphæra cornucopia, n. sp.,	×	300	115
Fig. 9. Solenosphæra ascensionis, n. sp.,	×	300	115
Fig. 10. Solenosphæra pandora, n. sp.,	×	300	113
Fig. 11. Solenosphæra pandora, n. sp.,	×	100	113
An entire spherical cœnobium. The shells of the colony bear a variable number of fenestrated radial tubes and are densely crowded in the jelly-sphere of the calymma, the cortical zone of which is radially striped.

Plate 7.

PLATE 8.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order SPHÆROIDEA.

Family Collosphærida.

PLATE 8.
Collosphærida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Acrosphæra echinoides, n. sp.,	×	400	100
Fig. 2. Acrosphæra collina, n. sp.,	×	300	101
Fig. 3. Chænicosphæra nassiterna, n. sp.,	×	400	103
Fig. 4. Chænicosphæra murrayana, n. sp.,	×	300	102
Fig. 5. Chænicosphæra flammabunda, n. sp.,	×	300	103
Fig. 6. Clathrosphæra circumtexta, n. sp.,	×	400	118
Fig. 7. Clathrosphæra arachnoides, n. sp.,	×	300	119
Fig. 8. Clathrosphæra lamellosa, n. sp.,	×	300	119
Fig. 9. Xanthiosphæra erinacea, n. sp.,	×	400	120
Fig. 10. Xanthiosphæra lappacea, n. sp.,	×	300	120
Fig. 11. Xanthiosphæra lappacea, n. sp.,	×	100	120
A complete spherical cœnobium. The associated central capsules (each with a double shell) are densely crowded in the central part of the calymma, whilst its peripheral part is occupied by a layer of large alveoles. Numerous xanthellæ or yellow cells an scattered in the calymma.

Plate 8.

PLATE 9.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order LARCOIDEA.

Family Pylonida.

PLATE 9.
Pylonida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Monozonium alatum, n. sp.,	×	300	633
Dorsal view.
Fig. 1a. Apical view.
Fig. 2. Dizonium pleuracanthum, n. sp.,	×	400	636
Fig. 3. Dizonium stauracanthum, n. sp.,	×	300	636
Fig. 4. Trizonium tricinctum, n. sp.,	×	300	637
Dorsal view.
Fig. 4a. Lateral view.
Fig. 4b. Apical view.
Fig. 5. Amphipyle tetraceros, n. sp.,	×	400	642
Dorsal view.
Fig. 6. Amphipyle callizona, n. sp.,	×	300	644
Dorsal view.
Fig. 7. Amphipyle amphiptera, n. sp.,	×	300	642
Dorsal view.
Fig. 7a. Lateral view.
Fig. 8. Tetrapyle circularis, n. sp.,	×	300	645
Dorsal view.
Fig. 9. Tetrapyle pleuracantha, n. sp.,	×	400	646
Dorsal view. The lentelliptical central capsule is visible between medullary and cortical shell.
Fig. 10. Tetrapyle turrita, n. sp.,	×	400	649
Oblique view, half dorsal, half lateral.
Fig. 11. Octopyle stenozona, n. sp.,	×	400	652
Dorsal view.
Fig. 12. Octopyle sexangulata, n. sp.,	×	300	653
Dorsal view.
Fig. 13. Octopyle decastyle, n. sp.,	×	300	654
Dorsal view.
Fig. 13a. Lateral view.
Fig. 14. Pylonium quadricorne, n. sp.,	×	400	655
Dorsal view.
Fig. 15. Tetrapylonium quadrangulare, n. sp.,	×	300	658
Dorsal view.
Fig. 16. Pylozonium octacanthum, n. sp.,	×	300	660
Dorsal view.

Plate 9.

PLATE 10.

Legion SPUMELLARIA.

Order LARCOIDEA.

Family Tholonida.

PLATE 10.
Tholonida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Tholartus tricolus, n. sp.,	×	200	664
Fig. 2. Tholodes cupula, n. sp.,	×	500	665
Fig. 3. Amphitholus artiscus, n. sp.,	×	400	666
Fig. 4. Amphitholus panicium, n. sp.,	×	500	668
Fig. 5. Amphitholus acanthometra, n. sp.,	×	300	667
Fig. 6. Amphitholus acanthometra, n. sp.,	×	300	667
Frontal section of the shell.
Fig. 7. Amphitholonium tricolonium, n. sp.,	×	300	669
Fig. 8. Staurotholus tetrastylus, n. sp.,	×	300	673
Fig. 9. Staurotholus dodecastylus, n. sp.,	×	400	674
Fig. 10. Tholoma quadrigeminum, n. sp.,	×	200	672
Fig. 11. Staurotholonium octodoronium, n. sp.,	×	300	676
Fig. 12. Tholocubus tessellatus, n. sp.,	×	200	677
Fig. 13. Tholoma metallasson, n. sp.,	×	300	672
Fig. 14. Cubotholus regularis, n. sp.,	×	200	680
Fig. 15. Cubotholonium ellipsoides, n. sp.,	×	300	682
Fig. 16. Tholocubus tesseralis, n. sp.,	×	400	678
Fig. 17. Tholonium hexonium,	×	400	679

Plate 10.