Report on the Radiolaria/Plates13

by Ernst Haeckel

PLATE 121.

Legion PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family Cœlodendrida.

PLATE 121.
Cœlodendrida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cœlodendrum furcatissimum, n. sp.,	×	50	1735
A complete specimen with the central capsule and the big phæodium. The spherical calymma envelops almost the entire skeleton.
Fig. 2. Cœlodendrum furcatissimum, n. sp.,	×	300	1735
A distal branch with its terminal ramification.
Fig. 3. Cœlodendrum furcatissimum, n. sp.,	×	100	1735
One valve of the shell, with its galea and the four hollow forked tubes arising from it.
Fig. 4. Cœlodendrum furcatissimum, n. sp.,	×	100	1735
The central capsule with its nucleus; on the left side one valve of the closely enveloping shell (seen in vertical section), and its galea with the origin of the four tubes.
Fig. 5. Cœlodendrum serratum, n. sp.,	×	400	1737
A flabellate terminal branch.
Fig. 6. Cœlodendrum flabellatum, n. sp.,	×	150	1737
A flabellate terminal branch.
Fig. 7. Cœlodendrum spinosissimum, n. sp.,	×	300	1735
Forked distal end of a terminal branch.
Fig. 8. Cœlodendrum cervicorne, n. sp.,	×	150	1736
One valve of the shell, with its galea and the four tubes arising from it. A network of protoplasm connects the distal branches.
Fig. 9. Cœlodrymus ancoratus, n. sp.,	×	50	1738
A complete specimen, with the central capsule and the enveloping phæodium. The surface of the spherical calymma is covered by a dense network, from which arise numerous, anchor-bearing, radial tubules.
Fig. 10. Cœlodrymus ancoratus, n. sp.,	×	150	1738
A small piece of the superficial network of the skeleton, with the zigzag radial tubules arising from it, each of which bears an anchor with two recurved denticulate teeth on the distal end.

Plate 121.

PLATE 122.

Legion PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family Cœlographida.

PLATE 122.
Cœlographida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cœlotholus octonus, n. sp.,	×	30	1749
The entire bivalved shell, seen obliquely from the dorsal and somewhat from the right side, enveloped by the yellowish calymma.
Fig. 2. Cœlotholus octonus, n. sp.,	×	100	1749
One valve of the shell (h) with its large galea and the origin of the three styles. The base of the two lateral styles (g1, g2) is connected by two latticed lateral frenula (b1, b2) with the mouth (m) of the rhinocanna (t). The odd style (g3) is free.
Fig. 3. Cœlothauma duodenum, n. sp.,	×	20	1750
The entire shell, seen from the dorsal side. The long styles are enveloped by the yellowish calymma.
Fig. 4. Cœlothauma duodenum, n. sp.,	×	80	1750
One valve of the shell (h), seen from the apical side; t, rhinocanna; m, its mouth; b1, b2, the two lateral frenula; g1, g2, the two paired styles; g3, the odd style.
Fig. 5. Cœlothauma duodenum, n. sp.,	×	80	1750
One valve of the shell, seen in profile. Characters as in fig. 4.
Fig. 6. Cœlothamnus bivalvis, n. sp.,	×	30	1751
The entire shell, enveloped by the yellowish calymma, seen from the left side; between the two valves is the central capsule, with nucleus and astropyle.
Fig. 7. Cœlothamnus bivalvis, n. sp.,	×	100	1751
A single lateral anchor-pencil.
Fig. 8. Cœlothamnus bivalvis, n. sp.,	×	200	1751
Distal end of a style, with its anchor-pencils.
Fig. 9. Cœlothamnus bivalvis, n. sp.,	×	400	1751
A single anchor-thread, with its quadridentate terminal spathilla.

Plate 122.

PLATE 123.

Legion PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family Concharida.

PLATE 123.
Concharida.
Diam.			Page.
(The central capsule is coloured red in the figures of this plate, the phæodium green).
Fig. 1. Concharium diatomeum, n. sp.,	1717
Dorsal view. The central capsule (red) exhibits above the anterior tubular main-opening (astropyle), and below the two small posterior lateral openings (right and left parapylæ).
Fig. 2. Concharium bivalvum, n. sp.,	×	150	1717
Dorsal view. The central capsule is visible in the lower part, the margin of the two valves in the upper part of the figure.
Fig. 2a exhibits the two smooth lateral margins of the valves, catching into one another. (Lateral view).
Fig. 3. Concharium nucula, n. sp.,	1717
The dorsal valve alone, seen from the outside.
Fig. 4. Concharium bacillarium, n. sp.,	1718
Lateral view from the smooth margin, by which the two valves are united.
Fig. 5. Conchasma radiolites, n. sp.,	×	300	1719
Lateral view. In the aboral half of the shell-cavity lies the red central capsule, in the oral half the green phæodium.
Fig. 6. Conchasma sphærulites, n. sp.,	×	300	1719
Lateral view. On the aboral pole the two horns of the hinge.
Fig. 7. Conchellium tridacna, n. sp.,	×	200	1720
Oblique lateral view (from the right and ventral side).
Fig. 7a. Three pores of the same, with their hexagonal frames and six internal denticles,	×	400
Fig. 8. Conchopsis carinata, n. sp.,	×	150	1725
Lateral view, from the left side.
Fig. 9. Conchopsis lenticula, n. sp.,	×	150	1726
Lateral view, from the right side. The two membranes of the central capsule are separated by a wide interval in this and the preceding figure. The nucleus contains numerous nucleoli.
Fig. 9a. Two of the peculiar cells, which are contained in the green phæodium in large numbers,	×	400

Plate 123.

PLATE 124.

Legion PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family Concharida.

PLATE 124.
Concharida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Conchidium terebratula, n. sp.,	×	400	1721
Lateral view, from the left side.
Fig. 2. Conchidium terebratula, n. sp.,	×	800	1721
A piece of the frontal girdle-fissure, with the teeth of both valves catching into one another.
Fig. 3. Conchidium rhynchonella, n. sp.,	×	200	1722
Lateral view, from the left side.
Fig. 4. Conchidium leptæna, n. sp.,	×	300	1722
Girdle-fissure with the teeth, seen from the left side.
Fig. 5. Conchidium leptæna, n. sp.,	×	800	1722
A single tooth with its base.
Fig. 6. Conchidium thecidium, n. sp.,	×	300	1721
Lateral view, from the left side. In the oral part of the shell-cavity the dark phæodium, in the aboral part the central capsule with two nuclei (a dorsal and a ventral).
Fig. 7. Conchidium argiope, n. sp.,	×	300	1722
Oblique oral view (half from the anterior, half from the left side).
Fig. 8. Conchidium argiope, n. sp.,	×	300	1722
Dorsal valve, from below.
Fig. 9. Conchidium argiope, n. sp.,	×	600	1722
A piece of the valve margin, with four teeth.
Fig. 10. Conchonia diodon, n. sp.,	×	200	1723
Lateral view, from the left side. In the anterior part of the shell-cavity the dark phæodium, in the posterior part the central capsule with the nucleus. The two valves are connected at the posterior hinge by a ligament (to the right in the figure).
Fig. 11. Conchonia diodon, n. sp.,	×	400	1723
Mouth of the shell, with its two lips, seen from the oral pole.
Fig. 12. Conchonia diodon, n. sp.,	×	400	1723
A piece of the valve-margin, with four teeth.
Fig. 13. Conchonia triodon, n. sp.,	×	300	1724
Ventral valve, seen from the lower face.
Fig. 14. Conchonia triodon, n. sp.,	×	300	1724
Dorsal valve, seen from the left side.
Fig. 15. Conchoceras caudatum, n. sp.,	×	300	1727
Lateral view, from the left side.
Fig. 16. Conchoceras cornutum, n. sp.,	×	200	1728
Lateral view, from the left side.

Plate 124.

PLATE 125.

Legion PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family Concharida.

PLATE 125.
Concharida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Conchopsis aspidium, n. sp.,	×	150	1726
Lateral view, from the left side.
Fig. 2. Conchopsis aspidium, n. sp.,	×	300	1726
The hinge of another specimen, in which the two valves are connected by a ligament (as in figs. 8 and 9, Pl. 123).
Fig. 3. Conchopsis orbicularis, n. sp.,	×	200	1725
Lateral view, from the left side.
Fig. 4. Conchopsis navicula, n. sp.,	×	150	1727
Lateral view, from the right side. In the lower (posterior) half of the figure is visible the central capsule with its dark nucleus, in the upper (anterior) half the phæodium with two broad sagittal wings.
Fig. 5. Conchopsis navicula, n. sp.,	×	400	1727
Three single pores with their hexagonal external frame and the dilated internal ovate or ampullaceous channel.
Fig. 6. Conchopsis navicula, n. sp.,	×	400	1727
Hinge of the shell, from the right side.
Fig. 7. Conchopsis compressa, n. sp.,	×	150	1725
Lateral view from the left side. The triangular central capsule with the dark nucleus is visible.
Fig. 8. Conchopsis compressa, n. sp.,	×	150	1725
Dorsal view of the upper valve with its keel.
Fig. 9. Conchopsis pilidium, n. sp.,	×	80	1726
The two valves separated and seen obliquely, half from the lateral, half from the internal side. The inner opening of each valve is bordered and partly closed by a broad horizontal velum or diaphragm like the deck of a boat.

Plate 125.

PLATE 126.

Legion PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family Cœlographida.

PLATE 126.
Cœlographida.
Diam.			Page.
Figs. 1-1c. Cœlographis regina, n. sp.,	1752
Fig. 1. Lateral view. The central capsule it visible between the two valves of the inner shell, the galeæ of which are filled by the phæodium,	×	20
Fig. 1a. Dorsal view (somewhat obliquely from the left side). The galeæ appear triangular,	×	20
Fig. 1b. Basal view,	×	20
Fig. 1c. Distal end of a style,	×	300
Figs. 2-2b. Cœlodecas sagittaria, n. sp.,	1755
Fig. 2. One valve of the shell, seen from the outside,	×	30
Fig. 2a. Distal end of a style,	×	300
Figs. 3-3a. Cœlostylus bisenarius, n. sp.,	1756
Fig. 3. Lateral view of the bivalved shell. The central capsule is visible between the two valves of the inner shell, the galeæ of which are filled by the phæodium,	×	20
Fig. 3a. Distal end of a style,	×	300
Figs. 4-4a. Cœlagalma mirabile, n. sp.,	1759
Fig. 4. Dorsal view of the bivalved shell,	×	30
Fig. 4a. Basal view of the bivalved shell,	×	10

Plate 126.

PLATE 127.

Legion PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family Cœlographida.

PLATE 127.
Cœlographida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	40	1757
One valve of the bivalved shell, seen from the inside, of the usual ovate form.
Fig. 2. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	40	1757
One valve of the bivalved shell, seen from the inside, of the rarer polyhedral form, which may be distinguished as a different species (Cœloplegma tritonis, compare p. 1758). h, hemispherical inner valve; g, galea; s, its base.
Fig. 3. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	40	1757
The entire shell, seen from the base of the aboral pole (dorsal and ventral valve connected by delicate teeth, catching into one another).
Fig. 4. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	100	1757
h, The two hemispherical inner valves of the shell, seen from the right side; n, the central nucleus inside the central capsule; d, the astropyle; g, the galea; t, the nasal tube, arising from its base; m, its mouth; p, the phæodium, which is partly thrown out by the nasal openings, filling up the galea and nasal tube.
Fig. 5. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	200	1757
h, The two hemispherical inner valves of the shell and the enclosed central capsule, seen from the oral side; d, the radiate operculum of the astropyle, seen in the frontal fissure between the two valves; n, the nucleus; k, the crystals; g, galea; g1-g5, the styles arising from the galea; t, nasal tube; m, mouth of it.
Fig. 6. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	600	1757
Oral part of a central capsule, in profile. o, Opening of the proboscis; d, radiate operculum of the astropyle, which gives rise to the proboscis; e, the outer, i, the inner membrane of the capsule; k, groups of crystals; n, nucleus.
Fig. 7. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	1000	1757
Three single groups of crystals, taken from the central capsule.
Fig. 8. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	300	1757
One inner valve of the shell, in profile. h, hemispherical valve; g, galea; g1-g5, the tubes arising from it; t, rhinocanna or nasal tube; m, its mouth; b, frenulum.
Fig. 9. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	400	1757
g, The galea; t, rhinocanna of one inner valve; m, its mouth; p, phæodella filling up both the galea and the mouth of the rhinocanna. g1-g5, the styles arising from the galea; s, sieve-plate, which separates the cavity of the galea from the hemispherical valve (h). View in profile.
Fig. 10. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	300	1757
An anchor-pencil of the outer shell.
Fig. 11. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	1000	1757
A single anchor-thread of a pencil.
Fig. 12. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	300	1757
Terminal branches of a style.
Fig. 13. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp.,	×	1000	1757
A single terminal branch of a style.

Plate 127.

PLATE 128.

Legion PHÆODARIA.

Order PHÆOCONCHIA.

Family Cœlographida.

PLATE 128.
Cœlographida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Cœlospathis ancorata, n. sp.,	×	50	1754
Lateral view of the entire shell. The central capsule is visible between the two valves of the inner shell. The galeæ and rhinocannæ of the two inner valves are filled up by the black phæodium.
Fig. 2. Cœlospathis ancorata, n. sp.,	×	100	1754
The two valves of the inner shell; the galeæ and rhinocannæ of which are filled up by the black phæodium. Between the mouth of the two rhinocannæ is prominent the proboscis of the astropyle, arising from the radiate operculum of the central capsule. The latter contains numerous crystals and a big dark nucleus. Lateral view.
Fig. 3. Cœlospathis ancorata, n. sp.,	×	200	1754
The rhinocanna or the nasal tube of one valve, and the latticed frenulum which connects its mouth with the top of the galea.
Fig. 4. Cœlospathis ancorata, n. sp.,	×	80	1754
Distal end of a style.
Fig. 5. Cœlospathis ancorata, n. sp.,	×	200	1754
Terminal branches of a style.
Fig. 6. Cœlospathis ancorata, n. sp.,	×	600	1754
Lateral branch of a style, with an anchor-pencil.
Fig. 7. Cœlospathis ancorata, n. sp.,	×	300	1754
The lateral margins of the latticed valves of the outer shell or mantle, catching into one another, without being connected directly.
Fig. 8. Cœlospathis octostyla, n. sp.,	×	300	1754
Terminal branches of a style.
Fig. 9. Cœlospathis octodactyla, n. sp.,	×	400	1755
A single terminal branch of a style.

Plate 128.

PLATE 129.

Legion ACANTHARIA.

Orders ACTINELLIDA et ACANTHONIDA.

Families Astrolophida, Litholophida, Chiastolida et Astrolonchida.

PLATE 129.
Astrolophida, Litholophida, Chiastolida et Astrolonchida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Actinelius primordialis, n. sp.,	×	100	730
The red central capsule, coloured by carmine, contains numerous intensely stained nuclei.
Fig. 2. Litholophus decapristis, n. sp.,	×	300	735
The conical central capsule contains numerous nuclei. The calymma exhibits on the distal end of each spine a coronet of myophriscs.
Fig. 3. Chiastolus amphicopium, n. sp.,	×	150	738
Sixteen diametral spines pierce the spherical, red coloured capsule. The conical sheets of the calymma bear myophriscs.
Figs. 3a, 3b. Two isolated diametral spines exhibiting the peculiar spiral revolution at their central part,	×	300
Fig. 4. Xiphacantha ciliata, n. sp.,	×	300	761
The spherical central capsule is coloured red. The yellowish calymma envelops the radial spines completely. The polygonal network of lines, in which the radiating pseudopodia are symmetrically arranged, is partly visible.
Fig. 5. Xiphacantha ciliata, n. sp.,	×	300	761
The central part of the skeleton, exhibiting the central junction of the radial spines.
Fig. 6. Acanthometron dolichoscion, n. sp.,	×	300	743
Central capsule of a young specimen; in its upper half the peculiar kidney-shaped nucleus is visible, with its invagination; in the lower half some nucleated yellow cells are visible (intracapsular xanthellæ). These and the nucleus are stained by carmine.
Fig. 7. Acanthometron dolichoscion, n. sp.,	×	300	743
Cleavage of an isolated nucleus, with four buds.
Fig. 8. Acanthometron dolichoscion, n. sp.,	×	300	743
A central capsule with four large budding nuclei; and numerous small spherical nuclei produced by gemmation.
Fig. 9. Acanthonia tetracopa, n. sp.,	×	400	749
Central capsule of s young specimen, with a large, irregularly lobate nucleus.
Fig. 10. Acanthonia tetracopa, n. sp.,	×	400	749
An isolated nucleus, exhibiting the peculiar invagination, with its circular folds, and the connection with the flatly conical nucleolus.
Fig. 11. Acanthonia tetracopa, n. sp.,	×	800	749
Four flagellate spores.

Plate 129.

PLATE 130.

Legion ACANTHARIA.

Order ACANTHONIDA.

Family Astrolonchida.

PLATE 130.
N.B.—The signification of the characters is the same in all the figures (compare p. 718).
a. Northern polar spines. b. Northern tropical spines. c. Equatorial spines. d. Southern tropical spines. e. Southern polar spines.
Astrolonchida.
Diam.			Page.
Fig. 1. Acanthometron bulbiferum, n. sp.,	×	300	745
Fig. 2. Acanthometron cylindricum, n. sp.,	×	200	743
Fig. 3. Lithophyllium gladiatum, n. sp.,	×	200	754
Fig. 4. Stauracantha quadrifurca, n. sp.,	×	300	764
Fig. 5. Stauracantha orthostaura, n. sp.,	×	200	762
Fig. 6. Phatnacantha icosaspis, n. sp.,	×	400	765
Fig. 7. Pristacantha polyodon, n. sp.,	×	300	766
Fig. 8. Pristacantha dodecodon, n. sp.,	×	300	766
Only the central parts and the leaf-cross.
Fig. 9. Pristacantha octodon, n. sp.,	×	200	765

Plate 130.