Richard III (1927) Yale/Text/Act I
ACT FIRST
Scene One
[London. A Street]
Enter Richard Duke of Gloucester, solus.
Rich. Now is the winter of our discontent
Made glorious summer by this sun of York;
And all the clouds that lour'd upon our house
In the deep bosom of the ocean buried. 4
Now are our brows bound with victorious wreaths;
Our bruised arms hung up for monuments;
Our stern alarums changed to merry meetings;
Our dreadful marches to delightful measures. 8
Grim-visag'd war hath smooth'd his wrinkled front;
And now,—instead of mounting barbed steeds,
To fright the souls of fearful adversaries,—
He capers nimbly in a lady's chamber 12
To the lascivious pleasing of a lute.
But I, that am not shap'd for sportive tricks,
Nor made to court an amorous looking-glass;
I, that am rudely stamp'd, and want love's majesty 16
To strut before a wanton ambling nymph;
I, that am curtail'd of this fair proportion,
Cheated of feature by dissembling nature,
Deform'd, unfinish'd, sent before my time 20
Into this breathing world, scarce half made up,
And that so lamely and unfashionable
That dogs bark at me, as I halt by them;
Why, I, in this weak piping time of peace, 24
Have no delight to pass away the time,
Unless to see my shadow in the sun
And descant on mine own deformity:
And therefore, since I cannot prove a lover, 28
To entertain these fair well-spoken days,
I am determined to prove a villain,
And hate the idle pleasures of these days.
Plots have I laid, inductions dangerous, 32
By drunken prophecies, libels, and dreams,
To set my brother Clarence and the king
In deadly hate the one against the other:
And if King Edward be as true and just 36
As I am subtle, false, and treacherous,
This day should Clarence closely be mew'd up,
About a prophecy, which says that G
Of Edward's heirs the murtherer shall be. 40
Dive, thoughts, down to my soul: here Clarence comes.
Enter Clarence and Brakenbury, guarded.
Brother, good day: what means this armed guard
That waits upon your Grace?
Clar. His majesty,
Tendering my person's safety, hath appointed 44
This conduct to convey me to the Tower.
Rich. Upon what cause?
Clar. Because my name is George.
Rich. Alack! my lord, that fault is none of yours;
He should, for that, commit your godfathers. 48
O! belike his majesty hath some intent
That you should be new-christen'd in the Tower.
But what’s the matter, Clarence? may I know?
Clar. Yea, Richard, when I know; but I protest 52
As yet I do not: but, as I can learn,
He hearkens after prophecies and dreams;
And from the cross-row plucks the letter G,
And says a wizard told him that by G 56
His issue disinherited should be;
And, for my name of George begins with G,
It follows in his thoughts that I am he.
These, as I learn, and such like toys as these, 60
Have mov'd his highness to commit me now.
Rich. Why, this it is, when men are rul'd by women:
'Tis not the king that sends you to the Tower;
My Lady Grey, his wife, Clarence, 'tis she 64
That tempers him to this extremity.
Was it not she and that good man of worship,
Anthony Woodville, her brother there,
That made him send Lord Hastings to the Tower, 68
From whence this present day he is deliver'd?
We are not safe, Clarence; we are not safe.
Clar. By heaven, I think there is no man secure
But the queen's kindred and night-walking heralds 72
That trudge betwixt the king and Mistress Shore.
Heard you not what a humble suppliant
Lord Hastings was for her delivery?
Rich. Humbly complaining to her deity 76
Got my lord chamberlain his liberty.
I'll tell you what; I think it is our way,
If we will keep in favour with the king,
To be her men and wear her livery: 80
The jealous o'erworn widow and herself,
Since that our brother dubb'd them gentlewomen,
Are mighty gossips in our monarchy.
Brak. I beseech your Graces both to pardon me; 84
His majesty hath straitly given in charge
That no man shall have private conference,
Of what degree soever, with your brother.
Rich. Even so; an 't please your worship, Brakenbury, 88
You may partake of anything we say:
We speak no treason, man: we say the king
Is wise and virtuous, and his noble queen
Well struck in years, fair, and not jealous; 92
We say that Shore's wife hath a pretty foot,
A cherry lip, a bonny eye, a passing pleasing tongue;
And that the queen's kindred are made gentlefolks.
How say you, sir? can you deny all this? 96
Brak. With this, my lord, myself have nought to do.
Rich. Naught to do with Mistress Shore! I tell thee, fellow,
He that doth naught with her, excepting one,
Were best to do it secretly, alone. 100
Brak. What one, my lord?
Rich. Her husband, knave. Wouldst thou betray me?
Brak. I do beseech your Grace to pardon me; and withal
Forbear your conference with the noble duke. 104
Clar. We know thy charge, Brakenbury, and will obey.
Rich. We are the queen's abjects, and must obey.
Brother, farewell: I will unto the king;
And whatsoe'er you will employ me in, 108
Were it to call King Edward's widow sister,
I will perform it to enfranchise you.
Meantime, this deep disgrace in brotherhood
Touches me deeper than you can imagine. 112
Clar. I know it pleaseth neither of us well.
Rich. Well, your imprisonment shall not be long;
I will deliver you, or else lie for you:
Meantime, have patience.
Clar. I must perforce: farewell. 116
Exit Clarence [with Brakenbury, and Guard].
Rich. Go, tread the path that thou shalt ne'er return,
Simple, plain Clarence! I do love thee so
That I will shortly send thy soul to heaven,
If heaven will take the present at our hands. 120
But who comes here? the new-deliver'd Hastings!
Enter Lord Hastings.
Hast. Good time of day unto my gracious lord!
Rich. As much unto my good lord chamberlain!
Well are you welcome to this open air. 124
How hath your lordship brook'd imprisonment?
Hast. With patience, noble lord, as prisoners must:
But I shall live, my lord, to give them thanks
That were the cause of my imprisonment. 128
Rich. No doubt, no doubt; and so shall Clarence too;
For they that were your enemies are his,
And have prevail'd as much on him as you.
Hast. More pity that the eagles should be mew'd, 132
While kites and buzzards play at liberty.
Rich. What news abroad?
Hast. No news so bad abroad as this at home:
The king is sickly, weak, and melancholy, 136
And his physicians fear him mightily.
Rich. Now by Saint John, that news is bad indeed.
O! he hath kept an evil diet long,
And over-much consum'd his royal person: 140
'Tis very grievous to be thought upon.
Where is he, in his bed?
Hast. He is.
Rich. Go you before, and I will follow you.
Exit Hastings.
He cannot live, I hope; and must not die 144
Till George be pack'd with post-horse up to heaven.
I'll in, to urge his hatred more to Clarence,
With lies well steel'd with weighty arguments;
And, if I fail not in my deep intent, 148
Clarence hath not another day to live:
Which done, God take King Edward to his mercy,
And leave the world for me to bustle in!
For then I'll marry Warwick's youngest daughter. 152
What though I kill'd her husband and her father?
The readiest way to make the wench amends
Is to become her husband and her father:
The which will I; not all so much for love 156
As for another secret close intent,
By marrying her, which I must reach unto.
But yet I run before my horse to market:
Clarence still breathes; Edward still lives and reigns: 160
When they are gone, then must I count my gains.
Exit.
Scene Two
[London. Another Street]
Enter the corse of Henry the Sixth with Halberds to guard it, Lady Anne being the Mourner.
Anne. Set down, set down your honourable load,
If honour may be shrouded in a hearse,
Whilst I a while obsequiously lament
Th' untimely fall of virtuous Lancaster. 4
Poor key-cold figure of a holy king!
Pale ashes of the house of Lancaster!
Thou bloodless remnant of that royal blood!
Be it lawful that I invocate thy ghost, 8
To hear the lamentations of poor Anne,
Wife to thy Edward, to thy slaughter'd son,
Stabb'd by the self-same hand that made these wounds!
Lo, in these windows that let forth thy life, 12
I pour the helpless balm of my poor eyes.
O, cursed be the hand that made these holes!
Cursed the heart that had the heart to do it!
Cursed the blood that let this blood from hence! 16
More direful hap betide that hated wretch,
That makes us wretched by the death of thee,
Than I can wish to wolves, to spiders, toads,
Or any creeping venom'd thing that lives! 20
If ever he have child, abortive be it,
Prodigious, and untimely brought to light,
Whose ugly and unnatural aspect
May fright the hopeful mother at the view; 24
And that be heir to his unhappiness!
If ever he have wife, let her be made
More miserable by the death of him
Than I am made by my young lord and thee! 28
Come, now towards Chertsey with your holy load,
Taken from Paul's to be interred there;
And still, as you are weary of this weight,
Rest you, whiles I lament King Henry's corse. 32
[The Bearers take up the corpse and advance.]
Enter Richard Duke of Gloucester.
Rich. Stay, you that bear the corse, and set it down.
Anne. What black magician conjures up this fiend,
To stop devoted charitable deeds?
Rich. Villains! set down the corse; or, by Saint Paul, 36
I'll make a corse of him that disobeys.
[First] Gent. My lord, stand back, and let the coffin pass.
Rich. Unmanner'd dog! stand'st thou when I command?
Advance thy halberd higher than my breast, 40
Or, by Saint Paul, I'll strike thee to my foot,
And spurn upon thee, beggar, for thy boldness.
[The Bearers set down the coffin.]
Anne. What! do you tremble? are you all afraid?
Alas! I blame you not; for you are mortal, 44
And mortal eyes cannot endure the devil.
Avaunt, thou dreadful minister of hell!
Thou hadst but power over his mortal body,
His soul thou canst not have: therefore, be gone. 48
Rich. Sweet saint, for charity, be not so curst.
Anne. Foul devil, for God's sake hence, and trouble us not;
For thou hast made the happy earth thy hell,
Fill'd it with cursing cries and deep exclaims. 52
If thou delight to view thy heinous deeds,
Behold this pattern of thy butcheries.
O, gentlemen, see! see! dead Henry's wounds
Open their congeal'd mouths and bleed afresh. 56
Blush, blush, thou lump of foul deformity,
For 'tis thy presence that exhales this blood
From cold and empty veins, where no blood dwells.
Thy deed, inhuman and unnatural, 60
Provokes this deluge most unnatural.
O God! which this blood mad'st, revenge his death;
O earth! which this blood drink'st, revenge his death;
Either heaven with lightning strike the murtherer dead, 64
Or earth, gape open wide, and eat him quick,
As thou dost swallow up this good king's blood,
Which his hell-govern'd arm hath butchered!
Rich. Lady, you know no rules of charity, 68
Which renders good for bad, blessings for curses.
Anne. Villain, thou know'st nor law of God nor man:
No beast so fierce but knows some touch of pity.
Rich. But I know none, and therefore am no beast. 72
Anne. O, wonderful, when devils tell the truth!
Rich. More wonderful when angels are so angry.
Vouchsafe, divine perfection of a woman,
Of these supposed crimes, to give me leave, 76
By circumstance, but to acquit myself.
Anne. Vouchsafe, diffus'd infection of man,
Of these known evils, but to give me leave,
By circumstance, to curse thy cursed self. 80
Rich. Fairer than tongue can name thee, let me have
Some patient leisure to excuse myself.
Anne. Fouler than heart can think thee, thou canst make
No excuse current, but to hang thyself. 84
Rich. By such despair I should accuse myself.
Anne. And by despairing shalt thou stand excus'd
For doing worthy vengeance on thyself,
That didst unworthy slaughter upon others. 88
Rich. Say that I slew them not.
Anne. Then say they were not slain:
But dead they are, and, devilish slave, by thee.
Rich. I did not kill your husband.
Anne. Why, then he is alive.
Rich. Nay, he is dead; and slain by Edward's hand. 92
Anne. In thy foul throat thou liest: Queen Margaret saw
Thy murd'rous falchion smoking in his blood;
The which thou once didst bend against her breast,
But that thy brothers beat aside the point. 96
Rich. I was provoked by her sland'rous tongue,
That laid their guilt upon my guiltless shoulders.
Anne. Thou wast provoked by thy bloody mind,
That never dreamt on aught but butcheries. 100
Didst thou not kill this king?
Rich. I grant ye.
Anne. Dost grant me, hedge-hog? Then, God grant me too
Thou mayst be damned for that wicked deed! 104
O! he was gentle, mild, and virtuous!
Rich. The better for the King of heaven that hath him.
Anne. He is in heaven, where thou shalt never come.
Rich. Let him thank me, that holp to send him thither; 108
For he was fitter for that place than earth.
Anne. And thou unfit for any place but hell.
Rich. Yes, one place else, if you will hear me name it.
Anne. Some dungeon.
Rich. Your bed-chamber. 112
Anne. Ill rest betide the chamber where thou liest!
Rich. So will it, madam, till I lie with you.
Anne. I hope so.
Rich. I know so. But, gentle Lady Anne,
To leave this keen encounter of our wits, 116
And fall something into a slower method,
Is not the causer of the timeless deaths
Of these Plantagenets, Henry and Edward.
As blameful as the executioner? 120
Anne. Thou wast the cause, and most accurs'd effect.
Rich. Your beauty was the cause of that effect;
Your beauty, that did haunt me in my sleep
To undertake the death of all the world, 124
So I might live one hour in your sweet bosom.
Anne. If I thought that, I tell thee, homicide,
These nails should rent that beauty from my cheeks.
Rich. These eyes could not endure that beauty's wrack; 128
You should not blemish it if I stood by:
As all the world is cheered by the sun,
So I by that; it is my day, my life.
Anne. Black night o'ershade thy day, and death thy life! 132
Rich. Curse not thyself, fair creature; thou art both.
Anne. I would I were, to be reveng'd on thee.
Rich. 1t is a quarrel most unnatural,
To be reveng'd on him that loveth thee. 136
Anne. It is a quarrel just and reasonable,
To be reveng'd on him that kill'd my husband.
Rich. He that bereft thee, lady, of thy husband,
Did it to help thee to a better husband. 140
Anne. His better doth not breathe upon the earth.
Rich. He lives that loves thee better than he could.
Anne. Name him.
Rich. Plantagenet.
Anne. Why, that was he.
Rich. The self-same name, but one of better nature. 144
Anne. Where is he?
Rich. Here. [She] spits at him.
Why dost thou spit at me?
Anne. Would it were mortal poison, for thy sake!
Rich. Never came poison from so sweet a place.
Anne. Never hung poison on a fouler toad. 148
Out of my sight! thou dost infect mine eyes.
Rich. Thine eyes, sweet lady, have infected mine.
Anne. Would they were basilisks, to strike thee dead!
Rich. I would they were, that I might die at once; 152
For now they kill me with a living death.
Those eyes of thine from mine have drawn salt tears,
Sham'd their aspects with store of childish drops;
These eyes, which never shed remorseful tear; 156
No, when my father York and Edward wept
To hear the piteous moan that Rutland made
When black-fac'd Clifford shook his sword at him;
Nor when thy warlike father like a child 160
Told:the sad story of my father's death,
And twenty times made pause to sob and weep,
That all the standers-by had wet their cheeks,
Like trees bedash'd with rain: in that sad time, 164
My manly eyes did scorn an humble tear;
And what these sorrows could not thence exhale,
Thy beauty hath, and made them blind with weeping.
I never su'd to friend, nor enemy; 168
My tongue could never learn sweet smoothing words;
But, now thy beauty is propos'd my fee,
My proud heart sues, and prompts my tongue to speak.
She looks scornfully at him.
Teach not thy lip such scorn, for it was made 172
For kissing, lady, not for such contempt.
If thy revengeful heart cannot forgive,
Lo! here I lend thee this sharp-pointed sword;
Which if thou please to hide in this true breast, 176
And let the soul forth that adoreth thee,
I lay it naked to the deadly stroke,
And humbly beg the death upon my knee.
He lays his breast open: she offers at [it] with his sword.
Nay, do not pause; for I did kill King Henry; 180
But 'twas thy beauty that provoked me.
Nay, now dispatch; 'twas I that stabb'd young Edward;
[She again offers at his breast.]
But 'twas thy heavenly face that set me on.
She falls the sword.
Take up the sword again, or take up me. 184
Anne. Arise, dissembler: though I wish thy death,
I will not be thy executioner.
Rich. Then bid me kill myself, and I will do it.
Anne. I have already.
Rich. That was in thy rage: 188
Speak it again, and, even with the word,
This hand, which for thy love did kill thy love,
Shall, for thy love, kill a far truer love:
To both their deaths shalt thou be accessary. 192
Anne. I would I knew thy heart.
Rich. 'Tis figur'd in my tongue.
Anne. I fear me both are false.
Rich. Then never man was true. 196
Anne. Well, well, put up your sword.
Rich. Say, then, my peace is made.
Anne. That shalt thou know hereafter.
Rich. But shall I live in hope? 200
Anne. All men, I hope, live so.
[Rich.] Vouchsafe to wear this ring.
[Anne. To take is not to give.]
Rich. Look, how my ring encompasseth thy finger, 204
Even so thy breast encloseth my poor heart:
Wear both of them, for both of them are thine.
And if thy poor devoted servant may
But beg one favour at thy gracious hand, 208
Thou dost confirm his happiness for ever.
Anne. What is it?
Rich. That it may please you leave these sad designs
To him that hath most cause to be a mourner, 212
And presently repair to Crosby House;
Where, after I have solemnly interr'd
At Chertsey monastery this noble king,
And wet his grave with my repentant tears, 216
I will with all expedient duty see you:
For divers unknown reasons, I beseech you,
Grant me this boon.
Anne. With all my heart; and much it joys me too 220
To see you are become so penitent.
Tressel and Berkeley, go along with me.
Rich. Bid me farewell.
Anne. 'Tis more than you deserve;
But since you teach me how to flatter you, 224
Imagine I have said farewell already.
Exit two [Tressel and Berkeley] with Anne.
[Rich. Sirs, take up the corse.]
Gent. Towards Chertsey, noble lord?
Rich. No, to White-Friars; there attend my coming. 228
Exit Corse.
Was ever woman in this humour woo'd?
Was ever woman in this humour won?
I'll have her; but I will not keep her long.
What! I, that kill'd her husband, and his father, 232
To take her in her heart's extremest hate;
With curses in her mouth, tears in her eyes,
The bleeding witness of my hatred by;
Having God, her conscience, and these bars against me, 236
And I no friends to back my suit withal
But the plain devil and dissembling looks,
And yet to win her, all the world to nothing!
Ha! 240
Hath she forgot already that brave prince,
Edward, her lord, whom I, some three months since,
Stabb'd in my angry mood at Tewkesbury?
A sweeter and a lovelier gentleman, 244
Fram'd in the prodigality of nature,
Young, valiant, wise, and, no doubt, right royal,
The spacious world cannot again afford:
And will she yet abase her eyes on me, 248
That cropp'd the golden prime of this sweet prince,
And made her widow to a woeful bed?
On me, whose all not equals Edward's moiety?
On me, that halts and am misshapen thus? 252
My dukedom to a beggarly denier
I do mistake my person all this while:
Upon my life, she finds, although I cannot,
Myself to be a marvellous proper man. 256
I'll be at charges for a looking-glass,
And entertain a score or two of tailors,
To study fashions to adorn my body:
Since I am crept in favour with myself, 260
I will maintain it with some little cost.
But first I'll turn yon fellow in his grave,
And then return lamenting to my love.
Shine out, fair sun, till I have bought a glass, 264
That I may see my shadow as I pass. Exit.
Scene Three
[London. A Room in the Palace]
Enter the Queen Mother [Elizabeth], Lord Rivers, and Lord Grey.
Riv. Have patience, madam: there's no doubt his majesty
Will soon recover his accustom'd health.
Grey. In that you brook it ill, it makes him worse:
Therefore, for God's sake, entertain good comfort, 4
And cheer his Grace with quick and merry words.
Q. Eliz. If he were dead, what would betide on me?
Grey. No other harm but loss of such a lord.
Q. Eliz. The loss of such a lord includes all harms. 8
Grey. The heavens have bless'd you with a goodly son,
To be your comforter when he is gone.
Q. Eliz. Ah! he is young; and his minority
Is put unto the trust of Richard Gloucester, 12
A man that loves not me, nor none of you.
Riv. Is it concluded he shall be protector?
Q. Eliz. It is determin'd, not concluded yet:
But so it must be if the king miscarry. 16
Enter Buckingham and Derby.
Grey. Here come the Lords of Buckingham and Derby.
Buck. Good time of day unto your royal Grace!
Der. God make your majesty joyful as you have been!
Q. Eliz. The Countess Richmond, good my Lord of Derby, 20
To your good prayer will scarcely say amen.
Yet, Derby, notwithstanding she's your wife,
And loves not me, be you, good lord, assur'd
I hate not you for her proud arrogance. 24
Der. I do beseech you, either not believe
The envious slanders of her false accusers;
Or, if she be accus'd on true report,
Bear with her weakuess, which, I think, proceeds 28
From wayward sickness, and no grounded malice.
Q. Eliz. Saw you the king to-day, my Lord of Derby?
Der. But now the Duke of Buckingham and I,
Are come from visiting his majesty. 32
Q. Eliz. What likelihood of his amendment, lords?
Buck. Madam, good hope; his Grace speaks cheerfully.
Q. Eliz. God grant him health! did you confer with him?
Buck. Ay, madam: he desires to make atonement 36
Between the Duke of Gloucester and your brothers,
And between them and my lord chamberlain;
And sent to warn them to his royal presence.
Q. Eliz. Would all were well! But that will never be. 40
I fear our happiness is at the height.
Enter Richard [with Hastings, and Dorset].
Rich. They do me wrong, and I will not endure it:
Who is it that complains unto the king,
That I, forsooth, am stern and love them not? 44
By holy Paul, they love his Grace but lightly
That fill his ears with such dissentious rumours.
Because I cannot flatter and look fair,
Smile in men's faces, smooth, deceive, and cog, 48
Duck with French nods and apish courtesy,
I must be held a rancorous enemy.
Cannot a plain man live and think no harm,
But thus his simple truth must be abus'd 52
With silken, sly, insinuating Jacks?
Grey. To whom in all this presence speaks your Grace?
Rich. To thee, that hast nor honesty nor grace.
When have I injur'd thee? when done thee wrong? 56
Or thee? or thee? or any of your faction?
A plague upon you all! His royal grace,—
Whom God preserve better than you would wish!—
Cannot be quiet scarce a breathing-while, 60
But you must trouble him with lewd complaints.
Q. Eliz. Brother of Gloucester, you mistake the matter.
The king, on his own royal disposition,
And not provok'd by any suitor else, 64
Aiming, belike, at your interior hatred,
That in your outward action shows itself
Against my children, brothers, and myself,
Makes him to send, that he may learn 68
The ground [of your ill-will, and so remove it].
Rich. I cannot tell; the world is grown so bad
That wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch:
Since every Jack became a gentleman 72
There's many a gentle person made a Jack.
Q. Eliz. Come, come, we know your meaning, brother Gloucester;
You envy my advancement and my friends'.
God grant we never may have need of you! 76
Rich. Meantime, God grants that I have need of you:
Our brother is imprison'd by your means,
Myself disgrac'd, and the nobility
Held in contempt; while great promotions 80
Are daily given to ennoble those
That scarce, some two days since, were worth a noble.
Q. Eliz. By him that rais'd me to this careful height
From that contented hap which I enjoy'd, 84
I never did incense his majesty
Against the Duke of Clarence, but have been
An earnest advocate to plead for him.
My lord, you do me shameful injury, 88
Falsely to draw me in these vile suspects.
Rich. You may deny that you were not the mean
Of my Lord Hastings' late imprisonment.
Riv. She may, my lord; for— 92
Rich. She may, Lord Rivers! why, who knows not so?
She may do more, sir, than denying that:
She may help you to many fair preferments,
And then deny her aiding hand therein, 96
And lay those honours on your high desert.
What may she not? She may,—ay, marry, may she,—
Riv. What, marry, may she?
Rich. What, marry, may she! marry with a king, 100
A bachelor and a handsome stripling too.
I wis your grandam had a worser match.
Q. Eliz. My Lord of Gloucester, I have too long borne
Your blunt upbraidings and your bitter scoffs; 104
By heaven, I will acquaint his majesty
Of those gross taunts that oft I have endur'd.
I had rather be a country servant-maid
Than a great queen, with this condition, 108
To be so baited, scorn'd, and stormed at:
Small joy have I in being England's queen.
Enter old Queen Margaret.
Q. Mar. [Aside.] And lessen'd be that small, God, I beseech him!
Thy honour, state, and seat is due to me. 112
Rich. What! threat you me with telling of the king?
[Tell him, and spare not: look, what I have said]
I will avouch 't in presence of the king:
I dare adventure to be sent to the Tower. 116
'Tis time to speak; my pains are quite forgot.
Q. Mar. [Aside.] Out, devil! I do remember them too well:
Thou kill'dst my husband Henry in the Tower,
And Edward, my poor son, at Tewkesbury. 120
Rich. Ere you were queen, ay, or your husband king,
I was a pack-horse in his great affairs,
A weeder-out of his proud adversaries,
A liberal rewarder of his friends; 124
To royalize his blood I spent mine own.
Q. Mar. [Aside.] Ay, and much better blood than his, or thine.
Rich. In all which time you and your husband Grey
Were factious for the house of Lancaster; 128
And, Rivers, so were you. Was not your husband
In Margaret's battle at Saint Alban's slain?
Let me put in your minds, if you forget,
What you have been ere this, and what you are; 132
Withal, what I have been, and what I am.
Q. Mar. [Aside.] A murtherous villain, and so still thou art.
Rich. Poor Clarence did forsake his father, Warwick,
Ay, and forswore himself,—which Jesu pardon!— 136
Q. Mar. [Aside.] Which God revenge!
Rich. To fight on Edward's party for the crown;
And for his meed, poor lord, he is mew'd up.
I would to God my heart were flint, like Edward's; 140
Or Edward's soft and pitiful, like mine:
I am too childish-foolish for this world.
Q. Mar. [Aside.] Hie thee to hell for shame, and leave this world,
Thou cacodemon! there thy kingdom is. 144
Riv. My Lord of Gloucester, in those busy days
Which here you urge to prove us enemies,
We follow'd then our lord, our sovereign king;
So should we you, if you should be our king. 148
Rich. If I should be! I had rather be a pedlar.
Far be it from my heart, the thought thereof!
Q. Eliz. As little joy, my lord, as you suppose
You should enjoy, were you this country's king, 152
As little joy you may suppose in me
That I enjoy, being the queen thereof.
Q. Mar. [Aside.] A little joy enjoys the queen thereof;
For I am she, and altogether joyless. 156
I can no longer hold me patient. [Advancing.]
Hear me, you wrangling pirates, that fall out
In sharing that which you have pill'd from me!
Which of you trembles not that looks on me? 160
If not that, I being queen, you bow like subjects,
Yet that, by you depos'd, you quake like rebels?
Ah! gentle villain, do not turn away.
Rich. Foul wrinkled witch, what mak'st thou in my sight? 164
Q. Mar. But repetition of what thou hast marr'd;
That will I make before I let thee go.
Rich. Wert thou not banished on pain of death?
Q. Mar. I was; but I do find more pain in banishment 168
Than death can yield me here by my abode.
A husband and a son thou ow'st to me;
And thou, a kingdom; all of you, allegiance:
This sorrow that I have by right is yours, 172
And all the pleasures you usurp are mine.
Rich. The curse my noble father laid on thee,
When thou didst crown his warlike brows with paper,
And with thy scorns drew'st rivers from his eyes; 176
And then, to dry them, gav'st the duke a clout
Steep'd in the faultless blood of pretty Rutland.
His curses, then from bitterness of soul
Denounc'd against thee, are all fall'n upon thee; 180
And God, not we, hath plagu'd thy bloody deed.
Q. Eliz. So just is God, to right the innocent.
Hast. O! 'twas the foulest deed to slay that babe,
And the most merciless, that e'er was heard of. 184
Riv. Tyrants themselves wept when it was reported.
Dors. No man but prophesied revenge for it.
Buck. Northumberland, then present, wept to see it.
Q. Mar. What! were you snarling all before I came, 188
Ready to catch each other by the threat,
And turn you all your hatred now on me?
Did York's dread curse prevail so much with heaven
That Henry's death, my lovely Edward's death, 192
Their kingdom's loss, my woeful banishment,
Should all but answer for that peevish brat?
Can curses pierce the clouds and enter heaven?
Why then, give way, dull clouds, to my quick curses! 196
Though not by war, by surfeit die your king,
As ours by murther, to make him a king!
Edward, thy son, that now is Prince of Wales,
For Edward, our son, that was Prince of Wales, 200
Die in his youth by like untimely violence!
Thyself a queen, for me that was a queen,
Outlive thy glory, like my wretched self!
Long mayst thou live to wail thy children's death, 204
And see another, as I see thee now,
Deck'd in thy rights, as thou art stall'd in mine!
Long die thy happy days before thy death;
And, after many lengthen'd hours of grief, 208
Die neither mother, wife, nor England's queen!
Rivers, and Dorset, you were standers by,—
And so wast thou, Lord Hastings,—when my son
Was stabb'd with bloody daggers: God, I pray him, 212
That none of you may live your natural age,
But, by some unlook'd accident cut off,—
Rich. Have done thy charm, thou hateful wither'd hag!
Q. Mar. And leave out thee? stay, dog, for thou shalt hear me. 216
If heaven have any grievous plague in store,
Exceeding those that I can wish upon thee,
O! let them keep it till thy sins be ripe,
And then hurl down their indignation 220
On thee, the troubler of the poor world's peace.
The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul!
Thy friends suspect for traitors while thou liv'st
And take deep traitors for thy dearest friends! 224
No sleep close up that deadly eye of thine,
Unless it be while some tormenting dream
Affrights thee with a hell of ugly devils!
Thou elvish-mark'd, abortive, rooting hog! 228
Thou that wast seal'd in thy nativity
The slave of nature and the son of hell!
Thou slander of thy heavy mother’s womb!
Thou loathed issue of thy father's loins! 232
Thou rag of honour! thou detested—
Rich. Margaret!
Q. Mar. Richard!
Rich. Ha!
Q. Mar. I call thee not.
Rich. I cry thee mercy then, for I did think
That thou hadst call'd me all these bitter names. 236
Q. Mar. Why, so I did; but look'd for no reply.
O, let me make the period to my curse!
Rich. 'Tis done by me, and ends in 'Margaret.'
Q. Eliz. Thus have you breath'd your curse against yourself. 240
Q. Mar. Poor painted queen, vain flourish of my fortune!
Why strew'st thou sugar on that bottled spider,
Whose deadly web ensnareth thee about?
Fool, fool! thou whet'st a knife to kill thyself. 244
The day will come that thou shalt wish for me
To help thee curse this poisonous bunch-back'd toad.
Hast. False-boding woman, end thy frantic curse. Lest to thy harm thou move our patience. 248
Q. Mar. Foul shame upon you! you have all mov'd mine.
Riv. Were you well serv'd, you would be taught your duty.
Q. Mar. To serve me well, you all should do me duty,
Teach me to be your queen, and you my subjects: 252
O, serve me well, and teach yourselves that duty!
Dor. Dispute not with her, she is lunatic.
Q. Mar. Peace, Master Marquess! you are malapert:
Your fire-new stamp of honour is scarce current. 256
O that your young nobility could judge
What 'twere to lose it, and be miserable!
They that stand high have many blasts to shake them,
And if they fall, they dash themselves to pieces. 260
Rich. Good counsel, marry: learn it, learn it, marquess.
Dor. It touches you, my lord, as much as me.
Rich. Ay, and much more; but I was born so high:
Our aery buildeth in the cedar's top, 264
And dallies with the wind, and scorns the sun.
Q. Mar. And turns the sun to shade; alas! alas!
Witness my son, now in the shade of death;
Whose bright out-shining beams thy cloudy wrath 268
Hath in eternal darkness folded up.
Your aery buildeth in our aery's nest:
O God! that seest it, do not suffer it;
As it was won with blood, lost be it so! 272
Buck. Peace, peace! for shame, if not for charity.
Q. Mar. Urge neither charity nor shame to me:
Uncharitably with me have you dealt,
And shamefully my hopes by you are butcher'd. 276
My charity is outrage, life my shame;
And in that shame still live my sorrow's rage!
Buck. Have done, have done.
Q. Mar. O princely Buckingham! I'll kiss thy hand, 280
In sign of league and amity with thee:
Now fair befall thee and thy noble house!
Thy garments are not spotted with our blood,
Nor thou within the compass of my curse. 284
Buck. Nor no one here; for curses never pass
The lips of those that breathe them in the air.
Q. Mar. I will not think but they ascend the sky,
And there awake God's gentle-sleeping peace. 288
O Buckingham! take heed of yonder dog:
Look, when he fawns, he bites; and when he bites,
His venom tooth will rankle to the death.
Have not to do with him, beware of him; 292
Sin, death, and hell have set their marks on him,
And all their ministers attend on him.
Rich. What doth she say, my Lord of Buckingham?
Buck. Nothing that I respect, my gracious lord. 296
Q. Mar. What! dost thou scorn me for my gentle counsel,
And soothe the devil that I warn thee from?
O! but remember this another day,
When he shall split thy very heart with sorrow, 300
And say poor Margaret was a prophetess.
Live each of you the subject to his hate,
And he to yours, and all of you to God's! Exit.
Buck. My hair doth stand an end to hear her curses. 304
Riv. And so doth mine. I muse why she's at liberty.
Rich. I cannot blame her: by God's holy mother,
She hath had too much wrong, and I repent
My part thereof that I have done to her. 308
Q. Eliz. I never did her any, to my knowledge.
Rich. Yet you have all the vantage of her wrong.
I was too hot to do somebody good,
That is too cold in thinking of it now. 312
Marry, as for Clarence, he is well repaid;
He is frank'd up to fatting for his pains:
God pardon them that are the cause thereof!
Riv. A virtuous and a Christian-like conclusion, 316
To pray for them that have done scath to us.
Rich. So do I ever, being well-advis'd;
Speaks to himself.
For had I curs'd now, I had curs'd myself.
Enter Catesby.
Cates. Madam, his majesty doth call for you; 320
And for your Grace; and yours, my gracious lord.
Q. Eliz. Catesby, I come. Lords, will you go with me?
Riv. We wait upon your Grace.
Exeunt all but Richard.
Rich. I do the wrong, and first begin to brawl. 324
The secret mischiefs that I set abroach
I lay unto the grievous charge of others.
Clarence, whom I, indeed, have cast in darkness,
I do beweep to many simple gulls; 328
Namely, to Derby, Hastings, Buckingham;
And tel] them 'tis the queen and her allies
That stir the king against the duke my brother.
Now they believe it; and withal whet me 332
To be reveng'd on Rivers, Dorset, Grey;
But then I sigh, and, with a piece of scripture,
Tell them that God bids us do good for evil:
And thus I clothe my naked villainy 336
With odd old ends stol'n forth of holy writ,
And seem a saint when most I play the devil.
Enter two Murtherers.
But soft! here come my executioners.
How now, my hardy, stout, resolved mates! 340
Are you now going to dispatch this thing?
Mur. We are, my lord; and come to have the warrant,
That we may be admitted where he is.
Rich. Well thought upon; I have it here about me: 344
[Gives the warrant.]
When you have done, repair to Crosby-place.
But, sirs, be sudden in the execution,
Withal obdurate; do not hear him plead;
For Clarence is well-spoken, and perhaps 348
May move your hearts to pity, if you mark him.
Mur. Tut, tut, my lord, we will not stand to prate.
Talkers are no good doers: be assur'd
We go to use our hands and not our tongues. 352
Rich. Your eyes drop millstones, when fools' eyes fall tears:
I like you, lads; about your business straight.
Go, go, dispatch.
Mur. We will, my noble lord.
[Exeunt.]
Scene Four
[The Same. The Tower]
Enter Clarence and Keeper.
Keep. Why looks your Grace so heavily to-day?
Clar. O, I have pass'd a miserable night,
So full of fearful dreams, of ugly sights,
That, as I am a Christian faithful man, 4
I would not spend another such a night,
Though 'twere to buy a world of happy days,
So full of dismal terror was the time.
Keep. What was your dream, my lord? I pray you, tell me. 8
Clar. Methoughts that I had broken from the Tower,
And was embark'd to cross to Burgundy;
And in my company my brother Gloucester,
Who from my cabin tempted me to walk 12
Upon the hatches: there we look'd toward England,
And cited up a thousand heavy times,
During the wars of York and Lancaster,
That had befall'n us. As we pac'd along 16
Upon the giddy footing of the hatches,
Methought that Gloucester stumbled; and, in falling,
Struck me, that thought to stay him, overboard,
Into the tumbling billows of the main. 20
O Lord, methought what pain it was to drown:
What dreadful noise of water in mine ears!
What sights of ugly death within mine eyes!
Methoughts I saw a thousand fearful wracks; 24
A thousand men that fishes gnaw'd upon;
Wedges of gold, great anchors, heaps of pearl,
Inestimable stones, unvalu'd jewels,
All scatter'd in the bottom of the sea. 28
Some lay in dead men's skulls; and in those holes
Where eyes did once inhabit, there were crept,
As 'twere in scorn of eyes, reflecting gems,
That woo'd the slimy bottom of the deep, 32
And mock'd the dead bones that lay scatter'd by.
Keep. Had you such leisure in the time of death
To gaze upon these secrets of the deep?
Clar. Methought I had; and often did I strive 36
To yield the ghost; but still the envious flood
Stopt in my soul, and would not let it forth
To find the empty, vast, and wandering air;
But smother'd it within my panting bulk, 40
Who almost burst to belch it in the sea.
Keep. Awak'd you not in this sore agony?
Clar. No, no, my dream was lengthen'd after life;
O! then began the tempest to my soul. 44
I pass'd, methought, the melancholy flood,
With that sour ferryman which poets write of,
Unto the kingdom of perpetual night.
The first that there did greet my stranger soul 48
Was my great father-in-law, renowned Warwick;
Who spake aloud, 'What scourge for perjury
Can this dark monarchy afford false Clarence?'
And so he vanish'd: then came wand'ring by 52
A shadow like an angel, with bright hair
Dabbled in blood; and he shriek'd out aloud,
'Clarence is come,—false, fleeting, perjur'd Clarence,
That stabb'd me in the field by Tewkesbury;— 56
Seize on him, Furies; take him unto torment!'
With that, methought, a legion of foul fiends
Environ'd me, and howled in mine ears
Such hideous cries, that with the very noise 60
I trembling wak'd, and for a season after
Could not believe but that I was in hell,
Such terrible impression made my dream.
Keep. No marvel, lord, though it affrighted you; 64
I am afraid, methinks, to hear you tell it.
Clar. Ah Keeper, Keeper! I have done these things,
That now give evidence against my soul,
For Edward's sake; and see how he requites me. 68
O God! if my deep prayers cannot appease thee,
But thou wilt be aveng'd on my misdeeds,
Yet execute thy wrath on me alone:
O, spare my guiltless wife and my poor children! 72
Keeper, I prithee sit by me a while;
My soul is heavy, and I fain would sleep.
Keep. I will, my lord. God give your Grace good rest!
[Clarence sleeps.]
Enter Brakenbury, the Lieutenant.
Brak. Sorrow breaks seasons and reposing hours, 76
Makes the night morning, and the noon-tide night.
Princes have but their titles for their glories,
An outward honour for an inward toil;
And, for unfelt imaginations, 80
They often feel a world of restless cares:
So that, between their titles and low name,
There's nothing differs but the outward fame.
Enter [the] two Murtherers.
1. Mur. Ho! who's here? 84
Brak. What wouldst thou, fellow? and how cam'st thou hither?
2. Mur. I would speak with Clarence, and
I came hither on my legs.
Brak. What! so brief? 88
1. Mur. 'Tis better, sir, than to be tedious.—
Let him see our commission, and talk no more.
[Brakenbury] Reads.
Brak. I am, in this, commanded to deliver
The noble Duke of Clarence to your hands: 92
I will not reason what is meant hereby,
Because I will be guiltless from the meaning.
There lies the duke asleep, and there the keys.
I'll to the king, and signify to him 96
That thus I have resign'd to you my charge.
1. Mur. You may, sir; 'tis a point of wis-
dom: fare you well. Exit [Brakenbury].
2. Mur. What! shall we stab him as he 100
sleeps?
1. Mur. No; he'll say 'twas done cowardly,
when he wakes.
2. Mur. Why, he shall never wake until the 104
great judgment day.
1. Mur. Why, then he'll say we stabbed
him sleeping.
2. Mur. The urging of that word 'judg- 108
ment' hath bred a kind of remorse in
me.
1. Mur. What! art thou afraid?
2. Mur. Not to kill him, having a warrant, but 112
to be damn'd for killing him, from the which no
warrant can defend me.
1. Mur. I thought thou hadst been reso-
jute. 116
2. Mur. So I am, to let him live.
1. Mur. I'll back to the Duke of Gloucester,
and tell him so.
2. Mur. Nay, I prithee, stay a little: I hope 120
this passionate humour of mine will change; it
was wont to hold me but while one tells twenty.
1. Mur. How dost thou feel thyself
now? 124
2. Mur. Some certain dregs of conscience are
yet within me.
1. Mur. Remember our reward when the deed's
done. 128
2. Mur. Come, he dies: I had forgot the re-
ward.
1. Mur. Where's thy conscience now?
2. Mur. O, in the Duke of Gloucester's purse. 132
1. Mur. When he opens his purse to give us
our reward, thy conscience flies out.
2. Mur. 'Tis no matter; let it go: there's few
or none will entertain it. 136
1. Mur. What if it come to thee again?
2. Mur. I'll not meddle with it; it makes
a man a coward; a man cannot steal, but it
accuseth him; a man cannot swear, but it checks 140
him; a man cannot lie with his neighbour's wife,
but it detects him: 'tis a blushing shamefac'd
spirit, that mutinies in a man's bosom; it fills
a man full of obstacles; it made me once restore 144
a purse of gold that, by chance, I found; it beg-
gars any man that keeps it; it is turned out of
towns and cities for a dangerous thing; and every
man that means to live well endeavours to 148
trust to himself and live without it.
1. Mur. 'Tis even now at my elbow, persuading
me not to kill the duke.
2. Mur. Take the devil in thy mind, and 152
believe him not: he would insinuate with thee
but to make thee sigh.
1. Murur. I am strong-framed; he cannot pre-
vail with me. 156
2. Mur. Spoke like a tall man that re-
spects thy reputation. Come, shall we fall to
work?
1. Mur. Take him on the costard with 160
the hilts of thy sword, and then throw him into
the malmsey-butt in the next room.
2. Mur. O, excellent device! and make a sop
of him. 164
1. Mur. Soft! he wakes.
2. Mur. Strike!
1. Mur. No, we'll reason with him.
Clar. Where art thou, keeper? give me a cup 168
of wine.
2. Mur. You shall have wine enough, my lord,
anon.
Clar. In God's name, what art thou? 172
1. Mur. A man, as you are.
Clar. But not, as I am, royal.
1. Mur. Nor you, as we are, loyal.
Clar. Thy voice is thunder, but thy looks are humble. 176
1. Mur. My voice is now the king's, my looks mine own.
Clar. How darkly, and how deadly dost thou speak!
Your eyes do menace me: why look you pale?
Who sent you hither? Wherefore do you come? 180
2. Mur. To, to, to—
Clar. To murther me?
Both [Mur.] Ay, ay.
Clar. You scarcely have the hearts to tell me so, 184
And therefore cannot have the hearts to do it.
Wherein, my friends, have I offended you?
1. Mur. Offended us you have not, but the king.
Clar. I shall be reconcil'd to him again. 188
2. Mur. Never, my lord; therefore prepare to die.
Clar. Are you drawn forth among a world of men
To slay the innocent? What is my offence?
Where is the evidence that doth accuse me? 192
What lawful quest have given their verdict up
Unto the frowning judge? or who pronounc'd
The bitter sentence of poor Clarence' death?
Before I be convict by course of law, 196
To threaten me with death is most unlawful.
I charge you, as you hope for any goodness
[By Christ's dear blood shed for our grievous sins,]
That you depart and lay no hands on me: 200
The deed you undertake is damnable.
1. Mur. What we will do, we do upon command.
2. Mur. And he that hath commanded is our king.
Clar. Erroneous vassals! the great King of kings 204
Hath in the table of his law commanded
That thou shalt do no murther: will you, then,
Spurn at his edict and fulfil a man's?
Take heed; for he holds vengeance in his hand, 208
To hurl upon their heads that break his law.
2. Mur. And that same vengeance doth he hurl on thee,
For false forswearing and for murther too:
Thou didst receive the sacrament to fight 212
In quarrel of the house of Lancaster.
1. Mur. And, like a traitor to the name of God,
Didst break that vow, and, with thy treacherous blade
Unripp'dst the bowels of thy sovereign's son. 216
2. Mur. Whom thou wast sworn to cherish and defend.
1. Mur. How canst thou urge God's dreadful law to us,
When thou hast broke it in such dear degree?
Clar. Alas! for whose sake did I that ill deed? 220
For Edward, for my brother, for his sake:
He sends you not to murther me for this;
For in that sin he is as deep as I.
If God will be avenged for the deed, 224
O! know you yet, he doth it publicly:
Take not the quarrel from his powerful arm;
He needs no indirect or lawless course
To cut off those that have offended him. 228
1. Mur. Who made thee then a bloody minister,
When gallant-springing, brave Plantagenet,
That princely novice, was struck dead by thee?
Clar. My brother's love, the devil, and my rage. 232
1. Mur. Thy brother's love, our duty, and thy faults,
Provoke us hither now to slaughter thee.
Clar. If you do love my brother, hate not me;
I am his brother, and I love him well. 236
If you are hir'd for meed, go back again,
And I will send you to my brother Gloucester,
Who shall reward you better for my life
Than Edward will for tidings of my death. 240
2. Mur. You are deceiv'd, your brother Gloucester hates you.
Clar. O, no! he loves me, and he holds me dear:
Go you to him from me.
1. Mur. Ay, so we will.
Clar. Tell him, when that our princely father York 244
Bless'd his three sons with his victorious arm,
[And charg'd us from his soul to love each other,]
He little thought of this divided friendship:
Bid Gloucester think on this, and he will weep. 248
1. Mur. Ay, millstones; as he lesson'd us to weep.
Clar. O! do not slander him, for he is kind.
1. Mur. Right;
As snow in harvest. Come, you deceive yourself. 252
'Tis he that sends us to destroy you here.
Clar. It cannot be; for he bewept my fortune,
And hugg'd me in his arms, and swore, with sobs,
That he would labour my delivery. 256
1. Mur. Why, so he doth, when he delivers you
From this earth's thraldom to the joys of heaven.
2. Mur. Make peace with God, for you must die, my lord.
Clar. Have you that holy feeling in your souls, 260
To counsel me to make my peace with God,
And are you yet to your own souls so blind,
That you will war with God by murd'ring me?
O, sirs, consider! they that set you on 264
To do this deed, will hate you for the deed.
2. Mur. What shall we do?
Clar. Relent and save your souls.
1. Mur. Relent? 'Tis cowardly and womanish.
Clar. Not to relent, is beastly, savage, devilish. 268
Which of you, if you were a prince's son,
Being pent from liberty, as I am now,
If two such murtherers as yourselves came to you,
Would not entreat for life? 272
My friend, I spy some pity in thy looks;
O! if thine eye be not a flatterer,
Come thou on my side, and entreat for me,
As you would beg, were you in my distress. 276
A begging prince what beggar pities not?
2. Mur. Look behind you, my lord.
1. Mur. Take that! and that! Stabs him.
If all this will not do,
I'll drown you in the malmsey-butt within. 280
Exit [with the body].
2. Mur. A bloody deed, and desperately dispatch'd!
How fain, like Pilate, would I wash my hands
Of this most grievous murther.
Enter 1. Murtherer.
1. Mur. How now! what mean'st thou, that thou help'st me not? 284
By heaven, the duke shall know how slack you have been.
2. Mur. I would he knew that I had sav'd his brother!
Take thou the fee, and tell him what I say;
For I repent me that the duke is slain. Exit. 288
1. Mur. So do not I: go, coward as thou art.
Well, I'll go hide the body in some hole,
Till that the duke give order for his burial:
And when I have my meed, I will away; 292
For this will out, and then I must not stay. Exit.
Footnotes to Act I
Scene One
1, 2 winter . . . York; cf. n.
6 monuments: memorial trophies
7 alarums: calls to arms
8 measures: solemn dances
9 front: forehead
10 barbed: i.e. having the breasts and flanks armed, properly 'barded'
11 fearful: timorous
12 He capers; cf. n.
13 lute: a stringed instrument
14 sportive: amorous
15 amorous; cf. n.
17 ambling: walking affectedly
18 fair proportion: goodly form
19 feature; cf. n.
dissembling; cf. n.
21 breathing: living
22 unfashionable: unfashionably
23 halt: limp
24 weak piping time; cf. n.
27 descant: comment
29 fair . . . days; cf. n.
30 villain; cf. n.
31 idle: trifling
32 inductions: initial steps in an undertaking
33 drunken prophecies; cf. n.
36 true and just; cf. n.
38 mew'd: cooped
39 About: because of; cf. n.
43 His majesty; cf. n.
44 Tendering: having regard for
45 conduct: escort
49 belike: perhaps
54 hearkens: inquires
55 cross-row: i.e. the alphabet; cf. n.
58 for: because
60 toys: whims, idle fancies
62 this: thus
65 tempers; cf. n.
67 Anthony Woodville; cf. n.
72 night-walking heralds; cf. n.
73 Mistress Shore; cf. n.
75 her delivery: her deliverance of him; cf. n.
78 way: course
81 o'erworn: faded; cf. n.
82 dubb'd: i.e. invested them with the position of
83 gossips: meddlesome cronies
85 straitly: strictly
87 degree: rank
88 an 't; cf. n.
92 Well struck: advanced; cf. n. on 81 above
94 bonny: pleasant, comely
passing: exceedingly
99 naught: wickedness
102 betray: i.e. trap me into speaking treason
106 abjects: i.e. the most servile of her subjects; cf. n.
109 widow; cf. n.
110 enfranchise: set free
115 lie for you: be imprisoned in your stead; cf. n.
133 play; cf. n.
137 fear him: fear for him
138 Saint John; cf. n.
139 diet: mode of life
145 post-horse: i.e. the speediest possible means
152 Warwick's . . . daughter: i.e. Lady Anne, the widow of Edward Prince of Wales
Scene Two
1 Anne; cf. n.
3 obsequiously: mournfully, as befits a funeral
5 key-cold: cold in death
8 invocate: invoke
12 windows: i.e. wounds
13 helpless: useless
17 hap: fortune
19 wolves; cf. n.
22 Prodigious: abnormal, monstrous
25 unhappiness: disposition to mischief
29 Chertsey; cf. n.
34 black magician: i.e. one in league with the devil
35 devoted: devout
40 halberd: a spear with a cutting blade
49 curst: malignant, shrewish
52 exclaims: exclamations
54 pattern: example
56 Open . . . afresh; cf. n.
58 exhales: draws forth
65 quick: alive
70 nor . . . nor: neither . . . nor
71 touch: sensation, feeling
76 crimes; cf. n.
77 circumstance: circumstantial evidence
but: only
78 diffus'd: disorderly (?); cf. n.
79 Of; cf. n.
82 patient: tranquil
84 current: sterling, genuine
92 Edward's hand; cf. n.
94 falchion: curved sword
95 bend: direct, aim
103 hedge-hog; cf. n.
108 holp: helped
113 betide: befall
117 slower: more deliberate
118 timeless: untimely
121 effect: agent. In the next line 'effect' has its usual meaning
127 rent: rend
128 wrack: destruction, ruin
148 poison . . . toad; cf. n.
151 basilisks; cf. n.
155 aspects: appearance
158 Rutland; cf. n.
163 That: so that
169 smoothing: flattering
183 S.d. falls: lets fall
194 figur'd: portrayed
213 presently: immediately
Crosby House; cf. n.
217 expedient: expeditious
228 White-Friars; cf. n.
229, 230 Cf. n.
242 three months; cf. n.
245 prodigality of nature: nature's most prodigal mood
253 denier: a small copper coin
256 proper: handsome
257 be . . . for: buy
258 entertain: take into service
262 in: into
Scene Three
5 quick: lively
6 betide on: become of
12 Cf. n.
15 Cf. n.
16 miscarry: perish
16 S. d. Cf. n.
20 Countess Richmond; cf. n.
36 atonement: a reconciliation
39 warn: summon
48 cog: cheat
49 Duck: bow
apish: imitative, false
53 Jacks: low-bred fellows
57 faction: party
60 breathing-while: short time
61 lewd: worthless, vile
63 disposition: inclination
71 make prey: prey
77 have need of you: am in trouble because of you
82 noble: a coin, with quibble on the usual meaning
83 careful: full of cares
89 suspects: suspicions
90 mean: agent
95 preferments: promotions
109 baited: harassed
114–116 Cf. n.
115 avouch: maintain
116 adventure: venture
117 pains: labors
121 Ere . . . king; cf. n.
125 royalize: make royal
128 factious . . . Lancaster; cf. n.
130 Margaret's battle; cf. n.
136 forswore himself: repudiated his oath
139 meed: reward
144 cacodemon: evil spirit
153 in me: as regards me
159 sharing: dividing
pill'd: plundered
160–162 Cf. n.
163 gentle: precious (ironic)
164 mak'st: dost
167 banished; cf. n.
174 The curse; cf. n.
177 clout: cloth
187 Northumberland; cf. n.
194 peevish: silly
197 surfeit: excess of luxurious living
206 Deck'd: dressed
stall'd: installed
222 begnaw: gnaw
228 elvish-mark'd; cf. n.
rooting hog; cf. n.
229 seal'd: stamped
230 slave of nature; i.e. because branded by nature with a deformity
238 period: conclusion
241 painted: feigned, counterfeit
vain flourish: empty embellishment
242 bottled: i.e. resembling a bottle, swollen
255 malapert: impudent
256 fire-new . . . current; cf. n.
264 aery: brood
265 dallies: trifles
277 My . . . shame; cf. n.
284 compass: range
285, 286 curses . . . air; cf. n.
287 but: otherwise than that
291 rankle: cause a festering wound
298 soothe: flatter
304 an: on
305 muse: wonder
314 frank'd up: i.e. shut up in a sty
317 scath: harm
321 Cf. n.
324 brawl: quarrel
325 set abroach: set on foot
328 beweep: weep over
gulls: dupes
329 Namely: that is to say
332 whet: incite
333 Dorset; cf. n.
337 odd old ends: odds and ends
339 soft: stay, stop
346 sudden: quick
353 millstones; cf. n.
Scene Four
Scene Four S. d. Cf. n.
1 heavily: sorrowfully
9 Methoughts: it seemed to me
10 Burgundy; cf. n.
13 hatches: movable planks forming a kind of deck
14 cited up: called to mind
20 main: sea
24 wracks: wrecks
26 Wedges: masses
27 unvalu'd: priceless
31 reflecting: shining
37 yield the ghost: i.e. die
envious: malicious
38 Stopt in: kept in
40 bulk: body
45 melancholy flood; cf. n.
46 ferryman: Charon
49 father-in-law; cf. n.
50 scourge for perjury; cf. n.
53 A shadow: cf. n.
55 fleeting: vacillating
56 stabb'd . . . Tewkesbury; cf. n.
64 No . . . though: it is not strange that
74 fain: gladly
80 unfelt imaginations: i.e. what they imagine they might do but are unable to realize
109 remorse: scruple
121 humour: mood
122 tells: counts
142 shamefac'd: bashful
153 him: refers to conscience
insinuate: ingratiate
157 tall: doughty, valiant
160 costard: head; cf. n.
161 hilts: hilt
162 malmsey: a kind of wine
163 sop; cf. n.
178 darkly: frowningly
193 quest: inquest, jury
196 convict: convicted
199 Cf. n.
204 Erroneous: misguided
207 Spurn at: oppose contemptuously
219 dear: grievous, dire
230 gallant-springing; cf. n.
231 novice: youth
232 My brother's love: my love of my brother
234 Provoke: urge
249 lesson'd: taught
252 snow in harvest; cf. n.
256 labour: busy himself to procure
258 thraldom: slavery
270 pent from: shut up from
280 malmsey-butt; cf. n.
282 Pilate; cf. n.