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Sacred Books of the East/Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets

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Sacred Books of the East
edited by Friedrich Max Müller
Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets
3659333Sacred Books of the East — Transliteration of Oriental AlphabetsFriedrich Max Müller

Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East.

CONSONANTS MISSIONARY ALPHABET
Sanskrit. Zend. Pehlevl. Persian. Arabic. Hebrew. Chinese.
I Class II Class III Class


Gutturales.
1 Tenuis k 𐬐 (Book Pahlavi characters) כּ k
2 Tenuis aspirata kh 𐬑 (Book Pahlavi characters) כ kh
3 Media g 𐬔 (Book Pahlavi characters) گ גּ
4 Media aspirata gh 𐬖 (Book Pahlavi characters) ג
5 Gutturo-labialis q ק
6 Nasalis ṅ (ng)

𐬢 (ng)
𐬣 (n)

7 Spiritus asper h 𐬵 (𐬓 hv) (Book Pahlavi characters) ה h, hs
8 Spiritus lenis ʼ ا ا א
9 Spiritus asper faucalis ʽh ح ح ח
10 Spiritus lenis faucalis ʼh ع ع ע
11 Spiritus asper fricatus ʽh خ خ ח
12 Spiritus lenis fricatus ʼh
Guttureales modificatae
(palatales, &c.)
13 Tenuis k 𐬗 (Book Pahlavi characters) چ k
14 Tenuis aspirata kh kh
15 Media g 𐬘 (Book Pahlavi characters),
(Book Pahlavi characters)
ج ج
16 Media aspirata gh غ غ
17 Media Nasalis ñ

18 Semivocalis y

𐬌𐬌
init.𐬫
𐬪

(Book Pahlavi characters) ي ي י y
19 Spiritus asper (y͏̔)
20 Spiritus lenis (y͏̓)
21 Spiritus asper assibilatus s 𐬱 (Book Pahlavi characters) ش ش
22 Spiritus lenis assibilatus z 𐬲 (Book Pahlavi characters) ژ z
Dentales.
23 Tenuis t 𐬙 (Book Pahlavi characters) ت ت תּ t
24 Tenuis aspirata th 𐬚 ת th
25 Tenuis assibilata th ث ث
26 Media d 𐬛 (Book Pahlavi characters) د د דּ
27 Media aspirata dh 𐬝 ד
28 Media assibilata dh ذ ذ
29 Nasalis n 𐬥 (Book Pahlavi characters) ن ن נ n
30 Semivocalis l (Book Pahlavi characters),
(Book Pahlavi characters),
(Book Pahlavi characters)
ل ل ל l
31 Semivocalis mollis 1 l
32 Semivocalis mollis 2 l
33 Spiritus asper 1 s 𐬯 (Book Pahlavi characters) س (ث) س שׂ s
34 Spiritus asper 2 s (ſ) ס
35 Spiritus lenis z 𐬰 (Book Pahlavi characters) ز (ذ) ز ז z
36 Spiritus asperrimus 1 z (z) ص ص צ z, zh
37 Spiritus asperrimus 2 z͏̣ (z͏̣) ض

Dentales modificatae
(linguales, &c.)
38 Tenuis t ط ط ט
39 Tenuis aspirata th ظ ظ
40 Media d 𐬝 (Book Pahlavi characters)
41 Media aspirata dh ض
42 Nasalis n 𐬧
43 Semivocalis r 𐬭 (Book Pahlavi characters),
(Book Pahlavi characters),
(Book Pahlavi characters)
ر ر ר
44 Semivocalis fricata r r
45 Semivocalis diacritica r
46 Spiritus asper sh 𐬴 (Book Pahlavi characters) sh
47 Spiritus lenis zh
Labiales.
48 Tenuis p 𐬞 (Book Pahlavi characters) پ פּ p
49 Tenuis aspirata ph פ ph
50 Media b 𐬠 (Book Pahlavi characters) ب ب בּ
51 Media aspirata bh ב
52 Tenuissima p
53 Nasalis m 𐬨 (Book Pahlavi characters) م م מ m
54 Semivocalis w 𐬡 w
55 Semivocalis aspirata hw
56 Spiritus asper f 𐬟 (Book Pahlavi characters) ف ف f
57 Spiritus lenis v 𐬎𐬎 (Book Pahlavi characters),
(Book Pahlavi characters)
و و ן
58 Anusvâra m अं 𐬅 ã
59 Visarga h अः

VOWELS MISSIONARY ALPHABET
Sanskrit. Zend. Pehlevl. Persian. Arabic. Hebrew. Chinese.
I Class II Class III Class
1 Neutralis 0 ــְـ ă
2 Laryngo-palatalis ĕ
3 Laryngo-labialis ŏ (Book Pahlavi characters) fin.
4 Gutturalis brevis a 𐬀 (Book Pahlavi characters) init. ــَـ ــَـ ــַـ a
5 Gutturalis longa â (a) 𐬁 (Book Pahlavi characters) ـَـا ـَـا ــׇـ â
6 Palatalis brevis i 𐬌 ــِـ ــِـ ــִـ i
7 Palatalis longa î (i) 𐬍 (Book Pahlavi characters) ـِـي ـِـي ـִـי î
8 Dentalis brevis li
9 Dentalis longa
10 Lingualis brevis ri
11 Lingualis longa
12 Labialis brevis u 𐬎 ــُـ ــُـ ــֻـ u
13 Labialis longa û (u) 𐬏 (Book Pahlavi characters) ـُـو ـُـو וּ û
14 Gutturo-palatalis brevis e 𐬆 (e) 𐬇 (e) ــֶـ e
15 Gutturo-palatalis longa ê (ai) (e) 𐬈, 𐬉 (Book Pahlavi characters) ــֵـ ê
16 Diphthongus gutturo-palatalis âi (ai) ـَـىْ ـَـىْ âi
17 Diphthongus gutturo-palatalis ei ((ĕi) ei. êi
18 Diphthongus gutturo-palatalis oi (ŏu)
19 Gutturo-labialis brevis o 𐬊 ــׇـ o
20 Gutturo-labialis longa ô (au) (o) 𐬋 (Book Pahlavi characters) וֺ
21 Diphthongus gutturo-labialis âu (au) 𐬃 (au) ـَـوْ ـَـوْ âu
22 Diphthongus gutturo-labialis eu (ĕu)
23 Diphthongus gutturo-labialis ou (ŏu)
24 Gutturalis fracta ä
25 Palatalis fracta ï
26 Labialis fracta ü ü
27 Gutturo-labialis fracta ö