San Tzu Ching/Appendix 4

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San Tzu Ching
by Wang Yinglin, translated by Herbert Allen Giles

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1338488San Tzu Ching — Appendix 4Herbert Allen GilesWang Yinglin

APPENDIX IV.

[The following 24 lines form the continuation sanctioned, and possibly written, by 賀興思 Ho Hsing-ssŭ.]

254a.	遼	與	金	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	The Liao Tartars and the Chin Tartars
	Liao²	yü³	chin¹
	Liao	with	Chin

Liao see line 254A.

Yü see line 87.

Chin see line 66.

254b.	皆	稱	帝	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	all took the Imperial title.
	Chieh¹	ch'êng¹	ti⁴
	All	style	ruler

Chieh see line 250.

Ch'êng see line 186.

Ti see line 180.

254c.	元	滅	金	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	The Yüans (Mongols) destroyed the Chin Tartars,
	Yüan²	mieh⁴	chin¹
	Yüan	extinguish	chin

Yüan see lines 94, 254E.

Mien see line 245.

Chin see line 66.

254d.	絕	宋	世	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	and put an end to the House of Sung.
	Chüeh²	sung⁴	shih⁴
	End	sung	generations

Chüeh is composed of 糸 ssŭ silk as radical, with 刀 tao knife over an obsolete word for half a tally. Its original meaning was to cut silk in two. [The radical 色 sê colour is a corruption of 人 jen man over the half tally.]

Sung see line 227.

Shih see line 177.

254e.	蒞	中	國	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	They governed the Middle Kingdom,
	Li⁴	chung¹	kuo²
	Govern	middle	State

Li is composed of 水 shui water as radical and 位 wei a seat, an official post. It is often written 莅 .

Chung see line 64.

Kuo see line 155.

254f.	兼	戎	翟	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	and also the wild tribes of the north and west;
	Chien¹	jung²	ti²
	Together	jung	ti

Chien see line 212.

Jung see line 254J.

Ti is here used for 狄 ti, which is composed of 犬 ch'üan dog as radical, with an abbreviation of 亦 i also as phonetic. The barbarians in question were thought to have descended from dogs. See line 254J.

254g.	九	十	年	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	after ninety years
	Chiu³	shih²	nien²
	Nine	ten	years

Chiu see line 33.

Shih see line 45.

Nien see line 221. [A round number; see 254g.]

254h.	國	祚	廢	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	their mandate was exhausted.
	Kuo²	tsu⁴	fei⁴
	State	prosperity	fail

Kuo see line 155.

Tsu is composed of 示 shih divine manifestation as radical, with 乍 (line 123) as phonetic.

Fei is composed of the obsolete radical 广 yen a shelter, with 發 (line 293) as phonetic. It originally meant a falling house.

254i.	太	祖	興	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	Then T'ai Tsu arose,
	T'ai⁴	tsu³	hsing¹
	Extreme	ancestor	arise

T'ai see line 254K.

Tsu see line 89.

Hsing see line 215.

254j.	國	大	明	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	his dynasty being known as Ta Ming.
	Kuo²	ta⁴	ming²
	State	great	bright

Kuo see line 155.

Ta see line 127.

Ming see line 110. [The famous founder of the Ming dynasty raised himself to the throne from the obscure position of a tender of cattle; hence he is sometimes spoken of as the Beggar King, and also as the Golden Youth. He was for a time a novice in a Buddhist temple, and altogether led a very chequered life.]

254k.	號	洪	武	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	He took as his year-title Hung Wu,
	Hao⁴	hung²	wu³
	Style	vast	military

Hao see line 137.

Hung is composed of 水 shui water as radical, with 共 kung (line 100) as phonetic. It originally meant an inundation (line 187).

Wu see line 189.

254l.	都	金	陵	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	and fixed his capital at Chin-ling (Nanking).
	Tu¹	chin¹	ling²
	Capital	gold	tombs

Tu see line 230.

Chin see line 66.

Ling see line 230.

254m.	逮	成	祖	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	At length, under the Emperor Ch'êng Tsu,
	Tai⁴	ch'êng²	tsu³
	Reach	complete	ancestor

Tai see line 235.

Ch'êng see line 26.

Tsu see line 89. [Reigned A.D. 1399—1424, and better known by his year-title 永樂 Yung Lo.]

254n.	遷	燕	京	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	a move was made to the Swallow City (Peking).
	Ch'ien¹	yen¹	ching¹
	Move	swallow	capital

Ch'ien see line 6.

Yen see line 13.

Ching see line 254O. [The capital was transferred from Nanking to Peking in 1421.]

254o.	十	七	世	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	There were seventeen reigns in all,
	Shih²	ch'i¹	shih⁴
	Ten	seven	generation

Shih see line 45.

Ch'i see line 84.

Shih see line 177.

254p.	至	崇	禎	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	down to and including Ch'ung Chêng.
	Chih⁴	ch'ung²	chêng¹
	Reach	eminent	auspicious

Chih see line 94.

Ch'ung see line 254Q.

Chêng see line 254Q.

254q.	權	奄	肆	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	The hold on the people was relaxed,
	Ch'üan²	yen¹	ssŭ⁴
	Power	extend	loose

Ch'üan is composed of 木 mu tree or wood as radical, with an obsolete word meaning small goblet and pronounced kuan as phonetic.

Yen is composed of 大 ta great as radical, with 申 shên to extend as phonetic. One of its original meanings was to open out.

Ssŭ is composed of 長 ch'ang long as radical, with 隶 tai (line 235), here read shih, as phonetic. [The Rev. J. Doolittle gave the following translation of this line:—"The crafty eunuchs caused a revolt." But 奄 and 閹 do not appear to have been used interchangeably, each having a separate entry in the Shuo Wên.]

254r.	寇	如	林	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	and rebels sprang up thick as forests.
	K'ou⁴	ju²	lin²
	Rebels	like	forests

K'ou is composed of 攴 p'u to tap as radical, and 完 wan to finish. It originally meant violent, and has been explained as referring to the completion of a gang or force previous to issuing forth. It is now classed under radical 宀 mien shelter, roof.

Ju see line 133.

Lin is composed of two 木 mu trees, and is an obvious ideogram.

254s.	至	李	闖	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	Then came Li Ch'uang,
	Chih⁴	li²	ch'uang³
	Reach	li	ch'uang

Chih see line 94.

Li is composed of 木 mu tree as radical over 子 tzŭ child as phonetic. It means plum, but is here a surname.

Ch'uang is composed of 門 men a, door as radical, and 馬 ma a horse, q.d. a horse rushing out, bursting forth, etc., but is here a name taken by the rebel 李自成 Li Tzŭ-ch'eng, to whose sedition the fall of the Ming dynasty was mostly due.

254t.	神	器	焚	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	and the Imperial regalia were destroyed.
	Shên²	chi'i⁴	fên²
	Divine	utensil	burn

Shên see line 325.

Ch'i see line 26.

Fên is composed of 火 huo fire as radical below 林 lin a forest (see 254r) as phonetic. [This line refers to the looting of the palace when Li Ch'uang captured and temporarily held Peking.]

254u.	清	太	祖	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	The founder of the Ch'ing or Pure dynasty
	Ch'ing¹	t'ai⁴	tsu³
	Pure	extreme	ancestor

Ch'ing is composed of 水 shui water as radical, with 青 ch'ing the colour of nature as phonetic. See line 84.

T'ai see 254K.

Tsu see line 89. [The T'ai Tsu in this line is the Manchu chieftain Nurhachu, A.D. 1559–1626, who was the real founder of the present dynasty, though he never mounted the throne.]

254v.	應	景	命	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	responded to the glorious summons;
	Ying⁴	ching³	ming⁴
	Respond	glorious	order

Ying see line 64.

Ching is composed of 日 jih sun as radical, with 京 ching city as phonetic; q.d. the sun shining on a city.

Ming is composed of 口 k'ou mouth, its old radical, with 令 ling a command (see 271) as phonetic. It is also commonly used in the sense of destiny, as being the command or will of God.

254w.	靖	四	方	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	he tranquillised the four corners (N.S.E. and W.),
	Ching⁴	ssŭ⁴	fang¹
	Quiet	four	square

Ching is composed of 立 li to establish as radical, with 青 ch'ing the colour of nature as phonetic. See lines 84, 254u.

Ssŭ see line 37.

Fang see line 14.

254x.	克	大	定	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	and achieved the final settlement of the empire.
	K'o⁴	ta⁴	ting⁴
	Achieve	great	settle

K'o is regarded as a picture of a man carving wood in a house, and originally meant to bear on the shoulders. It is now classed under radical 儿, No. 10.

Ta see line 127.

Ting is composed of 宀 mien roof or shelter as radical, with 正 chêng (line 326) as phonetic. [Mr. Doolittle translated this line "so that prosperity prevailed," which seems to be somewhat off the line of thought.]