Selections from Muḥammadan Traditions/Chapter 11
XI
THE BOOK OF THE RITES OF PILGRIMAGE
It is related from Abú Hurairah that he said, 'The Apostle of God addressed us and said, "O men, the pilgrimage hath been made incumbent upon you; then perform it." A man asked, "(Shall we perform it) every year, O Apostle of God?" He remained silent until the man repeated the question three times. Then he replied, "If I had said, 'Yes,' it would certainly have become obligatory, but ye are certainly not able (to perform it every year)." Then he said, "Leave me alone, so long as I leave you alone. Those who were before you were destroyed simply because of their many questions and their contradicting their prophets. Therefore, when I command you anything, perform what you are able of it, and when I forbid you anything, then leave it alone."'—Muslim.
It is related from Abu Hurairah that, 'The Apostle of God said, "He who makes a pilgrimage for God, and abstains from sexual intercourse, and does not forsake the path of righteousness, returns like he was on the day when his mother gave him birth."'—Muslim, Al Bukhári.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'A woman of (the tribe of) Khashʿam said, "O Apostle of God, it is a duty imposed by God on His servants that they perform the pilgrimage. My father is an old man and cannot sit firmly on his camel; then shall I perform the pilgrimage on his behalf?" He replied, "Yes." That occurred during the farewell pilgrimage.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'A man came to the Prophet and said, "Verily my sister made a vow to perform the pilgrimage, but she died." The Prophet said, "If she had been in debt, wouldst thou have redeemed it?" He replied, 'Yes." He said, " Then redeem the debt of God, for that is the most worthy of redemption."—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿÁyesha that she said, 'I asked the Prophet's permission to join in the religious wars. He replied, "Thy religious war is pilgrimage."—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿAlí that, 'The Apostle of God said, "He who possesses food for the journey and a camel to carry him to the House of God (at Mecca), and does not perform the pilgrimage; then if he dies, there is no difference between him and a Jew or a Christian. That is because God Most High says, 'The pilgrimage for God to the House is incumbent upon men who are able to perform the journey.'"'—At Tirmidhí.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The Apostle of God heard a man saying, "I am ready to serve Thee on behalf of Shubrumah." He said, "Who is Shubrumah?" He replied, "My brother," or (he said) "Some relation." He said, "Hast thou performed the pilgrimage for thyself?" He replied, "No." He said, "Perform the pilgrimage for thyself, and then perform it for Shubrumah."'—As Shafi, Abú Dáud, Ibn Májah.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The people of Yemen were performing the pilgrimage, but had not provided themselves with food for the journey, and they said, "We put our trust (in God)." Then when they reached Mecca, they begged of the people. Then God sent down the revelation, "Provide yourselves with necessary food; and verily the best of food is piety."'—Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿÁyesha that she said, 'I said, " O Apostle of God, is religious war incumbent upon women?" He replied, "Yes, religious war is incumbent upon them in that in which there is no fighting. It is the pilgrimage and the lesser pilgrimage."'—Ibn Májah.
It is related from Abú Umámah that, 'The Apostle of God said, "He whom evident needs or a tyrannical king or restraining disease does not prevent from performing the pilgrimage, and yet dies without performing it; let him die, if he wishes, a Jew, or if he wishes, a Christian."'—Al Dárimi.
It is related from Abú Hurairah that, 'The Apostle of God said, "Whoever sets out to perform the pilgrimage or the lesser pilgrimage, or to wage religious war, and then dies in the road thereof, God writes for him the reward of a fighter and a pilgrim and a performer of the lesser pilgrimage."'—Al Baihaqi.
Concerning the Pilgrim Garb and Cry
It is related from ʿÁyesha that she said, 'I used to perfume the Apostle of God for the pilgrim garb before he put it on, and for putting off the pilgrim garb before he went round the House. There was musk in the perfume. It was as if I saw the light of the musk in the part of the Apostle's hair whilst he was performing the ceremonies of the pilgrimage.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Ibn ʿOmar that he said, 'I heard the Apostle of God profess the unity of God with matted hair and say, "Here I am at Thy service, O God. Here I am at Thy service. Here I am at Thy service. Thou hast no partner. I am at Thy service. Verily praise and power and dominion are for Thee. Thou hast no partner." He did not add to these words.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Ibn ʿOmar that, 'The Prophet matted his hair with a decoction of mallow and myrtle leaves.'—Abú Dáud.
It is related from Khallád binuʾs-Sáib that, 'The Apostle of God said, "Gabriel came to me and ordered me to command my companions to raise their voices in the declaration of the unity and in repeating the words, 'Here I am at Thy service.'—Málik, At Tirmidhí, Abú Dáud, An Nasái.
It is related from Sahl bin Saʿd that, 'The Apostle of God said, "No Muslim repeats the words, 'Here I am at Thy service,' but whatever is on his right hand and on his left repeats the same, whether it be stones or trees or clods of earth, until the earth is shaken from one end to the other."'—At Tirmidhí, Ibn Májah.
It is related from ʿAbbás that, 'The polytheists used to say, "Here I am at Thy service. Thou hast no partner." Then the Apostle of God used to say, "Woe to you! Enough! Enough! ('no partner') except the partners which ye own, and which rule you!" They used to say this when they went round the House.'—Muslim.
Concerning the Farewell Pilgrimage[1]
It is related from Jábir bin ʿAbduʾlláh that, 'The Apostle of God remained at Madína for nine years, and did not make the pilgrimage. Afterwards, in his tenth year, he announced amongst the people news of a pilgrimage (saying), "Verily the Apostle of God goeth on pilgrimage." Then many men came to Madína, and we went out with him until we reached Dhuʾl-Huḍaifah. Then Asmá bint ʿUmais gave birth to a son, Muḥammad bin Abú Bakr. And she sent to the Apostle of God (saying), "How shall I manage?" He replied, "Bathe, and bind thy loins with a cloth, and put on the pilgrim garb." Then the Apostle of God prayed in the mosque, and afterwards mounted (his camel) Al Qaswá, until, when his camel arrived with him at Baidái, he made the declaration of the unity, saying, "Here I am at Thy service, O God. Here I am at Thy service. Here I am at Thy service. Thou hast no partner. Here I am at Thy service. Verily praise and favour and dominion are for Thee. Thou hast no partner."' Jábir said, 'We had not intended any more than the pilgrimage. We had not known of the lesser pilgrimage, until, when we came to the House (of God at Mecca) with him, he kissed the (black) stone and ran round the house quickly three times, and walked round it four times. Then he approached the place of Abraham and recited, "Then take the place of Abraham as a place of prayer,"[2] And he fixed the place between it and the House.' And in another tradition it runs, 'He recited in two rakʿahs, "Say, He is one God" and, "Say, O unbelievers." Then he returned to the stone, and kissed it. Then he came out from the door to (Mount) Ṣafá, and when he drew near to (Mount) Ṣafá, he recited, "Verily, Al Ṣafá and Al Marwah are of the signs of God. I begin with what God began." Then he began with Al Ṣafá and ascended it until he saw the House. Then he faced the temple of Mecca and repeated the declaration of the unity and said, "God is great! There is no God but Alláh alone. He has no partner. For Him is the dominion, and for Him is the praise, and He is powerful over all things. There is no God but Alláh alone. He has kept his promise and helped His servant, and alone put to rout the confederate enemy." After that he prayed in the midst of it and said similar words three times. Then he descended and walked to (Mount) Marwah until his feet went down into the bottom of the valley. Then he ran until, when ascending, he walked until he came to Al Marwah. Then he did on Al Marwah as he had done on Al Ṣafá, until when he came to the last circumambnlation of Marwah he called out whilst still on Marwah and the people beneath him. He said, "If I had known before what I knew afterwards, I would not have brought the sacrifice and would have made it a lesser pilgrimage. And whoever of you has not a sacrifice with him, let him put off the pilgrim garb, and let him consider it as the lesser pilgrimage." Then Suráqah bin Sálik bin Juʿshum stood up and said, "O Apostle of God, is this for this year only or for always?" Then the Apostle of God entwined his fingers in one another and said twice over, "The lesser pilgrimage has entered into the pilgrimage not (for this year only) but for always." Then ʿAli came from Yemen with the Prophet's victims for sacrifice. The Prophet said, "What didst thou say when thou imposed upon thyself the pilgrimage?" He replied, "I said, O God, verily I put on as the pilgrim garb what Thine Apostle put on." He said, "Verily the victims for sacrifice are with me, therefore do not put off thy pilgrim garb." (Jábir) said, 'All the victims for sacrifice which ʿAlí had brought from Yemen, and those which the Prophet had brought numbered one hundred.' He said, 'Then all the people put off their pilgrim garb and shortened their hair, except the Prophet and those with whom were victims for sacrifice. Then when the day of Tarwiyah came they set their faces towards Mina and put off the pilgrim garb. And the Prophet rode to it, and performed the midday, afternoon, evening, night and morning prayers. Then he remained a little until the sun rose, and then he ordered a tent of hair to be pitched for him in Namirah. Then the Apostle of God went on, and the Quraish did not doubt but that he would stop at Al Mashaʿruʾl-Ḥarám, as the Quraish used to do in the times of ignorance. But the Apostle of God passed on until he came to Arafat. And he found that a tent had been pitched for him in Namirah, so he dismounted and entered it until, when the sun had declined, he ordered his camel, Al Qáswah, and it was brought to him, and he came to the bottom of the valley. Then he addressed the people and said, "Verily your blood and your goods are forbidden you, as this day in this month in this land is forbidden. Are not the commands of the time of ignorance placed under my feet (that is, abrogated)? And the blood of the time of ignorance is so placed. And verily the first of our blood shed was the blood of Nádam bin Rabiya binuʾl-Ḥárith. Verily he was brought up amongst the Bani Saʾd, and Hudhail killed him. And the taking of interest in the time of ignorance is abrogated. And the first interest taken amongst us was that taken by ʿAbbás bin ʿAbduʾl-Muṭṭalib, and it is totally abrogated. And fear God in the matter of your wives, for ye have taken them with the protection of God and have made them inviolate by the Word of God. Their duty towards you is (to see) that no one is brought to your bed whom ye despise; and if they do that, then beat them, though not severely. And your duty to them is to give them sustenance and their clothing with kindness. And verily I have left amongst you that by which ye will never stray after (receiving) it, if ye protect yourselves by it, that is the Word of God. And ye will be asked concerning me (on the judgement day). Then what will ye say?" They replied, "We will bear witness that thou hast brought us news and carried out thy commission and given us instruction." Then he said, raising his forefinger towards heaven, and turning it towards the people, "O God, be Thou witness; O God, be Thou witness." This he said three times. After that Bilál gave the call to prayers and repeated the affirmation of the intention to pray. And he prayed the midday prayer. After that he gave the call to prayer and said the afternoon prayer. And he never prayed any prayer between these two. After that he mounted his camel, and came to the place of standing. Then he placed the breast of his camel, Al Qáswah, in the direction of As Ṣakhrat, and placed the Ḥabluʾl-Mashát in front of him and faced the temple of Mecca. And he continued standing until the sun sank in the West and the yellow tints faded away and the sun set. Then he took up Usámah behind him, and returned until he came to Al Muzdalifah, where he prayed the evening prayer and the night prayer with one call to prayer, but with two announcements of the intention to pray. And he did not praise God between the two. After that he lay down upon his side until the morning dawned. Then he prayed the morning prayer when the morning was announced to him by the call to prayer and the announcement of the intention to pray. Then he rode Al Qáswah until he came to Al Mashʿaruʾl-Ḥarám, and he faced the temple of Mecca and prayed and repeated the words, "God is great. There is no God but Alláh" and "God is one." And he continued standing until the sky became very red, after which he returned before the sun rose. Then he mounted behind him Al Faḍl bin ʿAbbás until he came to the bottom of the valley Muḥassir. There he hastened a little. Afterwards he took the middle road, which comes out at Al Jamrahuʾl-Kubra, until he came to Al Jamra, which is near a tree. There he threw seven pebbles, similar to the small stone pebbles which he threw in the bottom of the valley, and with each pebble he repeated the words, "God is great." After that he returned to the place of sacrifice and sacrificed sixty-three camels with his own hand. After that he gave what remained to ʿAlí and he sacrificed them. Thus he made ʿAlí a partner in his sacrifice. Then he ordered a small piece from each camel, and they were placed in a cooking vessel and were cooked. And they both ate of their flesh and drank the soup. After that he mounted his camel and hastened to the House (of God), and prayed in Mecca the midday prayer. Then he came to the sons of ʿAbduʾl-Muṭṭalib as they were giving the people to drink of the water of (the well) Zamzam. And he said, "Draw, ye sons of ʿAbduʾl-Muṭṭalib, for had it not been that the people would have gained possession of your right to draw, and would have given this water to drink, verily I would have drawn with you." Then they gave him a bucket, and he drank from it.'—Muslim.
It is related from ʿÁyesha that she said, 'The Prophet of God arrived (at Mecca) on the fourth or fifth night of (the month) Dhuʾl-Hajj, and came in to me, and he was angry, I said to him, "Who has angered thee, O Apostle of God; may God put him in the fire!" He replied, "Dost thou not know that I ordered the people a certain thing, and behold, they hesitate (to do it). If I had known before what I have learned since of my affairs, I would not have brought the sacrifice with me, until I had bought it (in Mecca). Then I would have taken off the pilgrim garb as they have done."'—Muslim.
On Entering Mecca and Going Round the Mosque
It is related from ʿÁyesha that, 'When the Prophet came to Mecca, he entered it from its high side, and left it by its lower side.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿUrwah binuʾl-Zubair that he said, 'The Prophet performed the pilgrimage, and ʿÁyesha informed me that the first thing he did when he arrived at Mecca was to perform ablutions. Then he went round the House. And it was the lesser pilgrimage. After that Abú Bakr performed the pilgrimage, and the first thing he did was to go round the House. And it was not the lesser pilgrimage. After that ʿOmar and ʿOthmán did the same.'—Muslim, Al Bukhári.
It is related from Jábir that, 'When the Apostle of God arrived at Mecca, he came to the (black) stone and kissed it. After that he walked on its right, and he ran three times and walked four times (round the Kaʿbah).'—Muslim.
It is related from Ibn ʿOmar that he said, 'I did not see the Prophet kiss anything in the House, except the two pillars of Yemen.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The Prophet of God' went round the mosque at the farewell pilgrimage mounted on a camel, and he kissed the pillar by means of a hooked stick.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Abú Hurairah that he said, ʿAbú Bakr sent me, in the pilgrimage over which the Prophet ordered him (to preside), before the farewell pilgrimage, on the day of sacrifice amongst a small company of people. He commanded him to proclaim amongst the people, "Beware! After the present year no polytheist must make the pilgrimage, and none must make the circuit of the Kaʿbah naked."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The Prophet said, "Making the circuit round the House (of God) is the same as saying the prayers, except that you may converse during it. Then let him who converses in it speak nothing but good words."'—At Tirmidhí, An Nasái.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The Apostle of God said, "The black stone came down from paradise. It was whiter than milk, but the sins of the children of Adam have made it black."'—Aḥmad, At Tirmidhí.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The Apostle of God said with regard to the stone, "By God! God will certainly raise it up on the day of resurrection; and it will have two eyes by which it will see, and a tongue by which it will speak, and it will bear witness concerning those who have kissed it in truth."'—At Tirmidhí, Ibn Májah.
It is related from Ṣafiyah bint Shaibah that she said, 'Bint Abi Tujrah informed me and said, "I entered with other women of the Quraish into the house of the family of Abú Ḥusain, and we were watching the Prophet as he ran between Aṣ Ṣafa and Al Marwah. And I saw him run, and verily his garments were turning about from the intensity of his running. And I heard him say, 'Run, for verily God has written the running as a duty incumbent upon you.'"'—Sharaḥuʾs-Sunnah.
It is related from Qadámah bin ʿAbduʾlláh bin ʿAmmár that he said, 'I saw the Apostle of God hastening between Aṣ Ṣafa and Al Marwah on a camel. There was no striking or driving away or saying, "Get out of the way! Get out of the way!"'—Sharaḥuʾs-Sunnah.
It is related from ʿAbís bin Rabiʿah that he said, 'I saw ʿOmar kiss the (black) stone, and heard him say, "Verily I certainly know that thou art a stone which can neither benefit nor injure. And if I had not seen the Apostle of God kiss thee, I would not kiss thee."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
On Stopping at Mount Arafat
It is related from ʿÁyesha that, 'The Apostle of God said, "There is no day on which God redeems a servant from the fire more than on the day of (the visitation of) Arafat. And verily He draws near to them, and then boasts of them to the angels and says, 'What do these want?'"'—Muslim.
It is related from Khálid bin Hawdha that he said, 'I saw the Prophet addressing the people on the day of Arafat, mounted on his camel, and he was standing up in his stirrups.'—Abú Dáud.
It is related from Jábir that, 'The Apostle of God said, "When the day of Arafat comes, verily God comes down to the skies of the world and boasts of them to the angels and says, 'Look at my servants, who have come to me with dishevelled hair, dusty, and crying out from the long journey. I call you to witness that I have forgiven them?' The angels say, 'O God, such an one used to tyrannise over men, and so and so and such and such a woman did so and so.'" He said, "God, the Exalted and Magnified, will reply, 'I have forgiven them.'" The Apostle of God said, "There is no day on which more are redeemed from the fire, than on the day of Arafat."'—Sharaḥuʾs-Sunnah.
It is related from ʿAbbás bin Mirdás that, 'Verily the Apostle of God asked forgiveness for the sins of his people on the night of Arafat, and he was answered, "Verily I have forgiven them, with the exception of oppressors, and I will take from them an account of the oppressed." He replied, "O Lord, if thou wilt, Thou canst give paradise to the oppressed and forgive the oppressors." But he was not answered that night. And when it dawned at Al Muzdalifah he repeated his supplication, and he was answered as he had asked.' ʿAbbás said, 'Then the Apostle of God laughed, or he said, He smiled. Then Abú Bakr and ʿOmar said to him, "May our fathers and mothers be sacrificed for thee! Verily this is a time in which thou hast not been wont to laugh. Then what is it which caused thee to laugh? May God cause Thy teeth to laugh!" He replied, "Verily the enemy of God, Iblis (Satan) when he knew that God, the Exalted and Magnified, had answered my prayer and forgiven my people, took up dust and began to throw it on his head, crying out at his misery and misfortune. Then what I saw of his impatient grief made me laugh."'—Ibn Májah.
On Returning from Arafat and Muzdalifah
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'He returned with the Prophet on the day of Arafat, and the Prophet heard behind him loud shouting and beating of camels; and he beckoned with his whip and said, "O men, you ought to go quietly, for verily righteousness is not in haste."'—Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿAbduʾlláh bin Maʿsúd that he said, 'I never saw the Apostle of God say the prayers except in their proper times, with the exception of the sunset and night prayers which he said together. And he prayed the morning prayer that day before its time.'—Muslim, Al Bukhári.
Concerning the Throwing the Pebbles
It is related from Jábir that he said, 'I saw the Prophet throw pebbles (whilst seated) on his camel on the day of sacrifice; and he said, "Take note of the rites of your pilgrimage, for I do not know whether, perchance, I shall not perform pilgrimage after this pilgrimage."'—Muslim.
It is related concerning ʿAbduʾlláh bin Masʾúd that he arrived at Al Jamruʾl-Kubra and placed the House (of God) on his left and Mount Mina on his right, and threw seven pebbles and repeated, 'God is great,' with each pebble. Then he said, 'Thus did he throw, upon whom came down Súratuʾl-Baqara.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿÁyesha from the Prophet that he said, 'Verily the throwing of pebbles and the running between Aṣ Ṣafa and Al Marwah have only been appointed for remembering God.'—At Tirmidhí.
On Animals for Sacrifice
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that he said, 'The Apostle of God prayed the midday prayer at Dhuʾl-Hudaifah. Then he called for his female camel and struck it with a lance in the right side of its hump, and then wiped off the blood from it. Then he placed two straps around its neck, after which he mounted his riding camel. Then when it arrived with him at Baidái he repeated the words for pilgrimage, "Here I am at Thy service."'—Muslim.
It is related from ʿÁyesha that she said, 'The Prophet on a certain occasion sent a sheep for sacrifice to the House of God, and he put a necklace upon its neck.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Jábir that he said, 'The Prophet sacrificed a cow on behalf of his women during his pilgrimage.'—Muslim.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that he said, 'The Apostle of God sent sixteen camels for sacrifice with a man and gave him charge of them. Then the man said, "O Apostle of God, how shall I act with that one of them which is unable to travel?" He replied, "Slaughter it, and then colour its feet with its blood and place it on its side; but do not thou or any of thy travelling companions eat of it."'—Muslim.
It is related from Jábir that he said, 'We sacrificed with the Apostle of God in the year of Ḥudaibah one camel for seven people and one cow for seven people.'—Muslim.
It is related from ʿAlí that he said, 'The Apostle of God ordered me to take care of his camels for sacrifice, and to give in alms their flesh and skins and saddles. And (he ordered) that I should not give a portion to the one who killed them. He said, "We will give him something from ourselves."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The Apostle of God sent for sacrifice in the year of Ḥudaibah, in the sacrifice for the Apostle of God, a camel which formerly belonged to Abú Jaḥl. It had a silver ring in its head (nose)—and in another tradition it has "golden"—and the polytheists were angered thereat.'—Abú Dáud.
It is related from Salamah binuʾl-Akwaʿ that, 'The Prophet said, "Whoever of you offers a sacrifice, let him not rise after the third day with any of it still in his house." Then when the next year came round they said, "O Apostle of God, must we do (this year) as we did last year." He replied, "Eat ye of it and give others to eat and put by in store; for verily in that year there was want amongst the people, and I wished that ye should help them."—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
On Shaving the Head
It is related from Ibn ʿOmar that, 'Verily the Apostle of God shaved his head in the farewell pilgrimage, and some of his companions (did the same). And some of them cut their hair short.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Anas that, 'Verily the Prophet came to Mina. After that he came to all Jamrah and threw pebbles there. After that he came to his lodging at Mina and sacrificed his victims. Then he called a barber and turned to him the right side (of his head), and he shaved it. Then he called Abú Ṭalḥa, the helper, and gave it to him. After that he offered the left side of his head and said, "Shave!" Then he shaved it. And he gave it to Abú Ṭalḥa and said, " Divide it amongst the people."—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿAlí and ʿÁyesha that they said, 'The Apostle of God forbade women to shave the head.'—At Tirmidhí.
It is related from Usámah bin Sharík that he said, 'I came out with the Apostle of God to perform the pilgrimage. And the people were corning to him, and some were saying, "O Apostle of God, I performed the running (between Aṣ Ṣafa and Al Marwah) before going round the Kaʿbah" or "I delayed to perform something " or "I did something before its time." And he was saying in reply, "There is no sin, except for the man who takes away the reputation of a Muslim and is an oppressor; for that is he who commits a sin and is destroyed."'—Abú Dáud.
On the Public Address on the Day of Sacrifice, and
Throwing the Pebbles, and Taking Farewell
It is related from Ráfiʿ bin ʿAmruʾl-Muzanni that he said, 'I saw the Apostle of God addressing the people at Mina, when the early morning approached (seated) on his black and white mule. And ʿAlí was explaining it; and some of the people were standing and some sitting.'—Abú Dáud.
It is related from ʿÁyesha that, 'The Prophet said, "When any one of you throws pebbles at Jamrahuʾl-ʿAqabah, then everything has become lawful for him except women."'—Sharḥu's-Sunnah.
Concerning Those Things Which Pilgrims Must
Abstain From
It is related from ʿAbduʾlláh bin ʿOmar that, 'A man asked the Apostle of God what clothes a pilgrim must wear. He replied, "Do not wear shirts nor turbans nor trousers nor the dress called burnús nor shoes, except one cannot obtain sandals, when he may wear shoes; but in that case let him cut them down below the heels. And do not wear any clothes which saffron or the dye called waras have touched."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí. And Bukhári has added the words, 'And let not a woman on pilgrimage veil her face, and let her not wear gloves.'
It is related from ʿOthmán that, 'The Apostle of God said, "Let not one performing the pilgrimage, marry or give in marriage or effect a betrothal."'—Muslim.
It is related from Ibn ʿOmar that he heard the Apostle of God forbid women who were performing the pilgrimage from wearing gloves or veils and whatever the dye waras and saffron had touched, 'but let them (said he), after that, wear whatever they like of yellow-coloured clothes or the cloth called khazz or ornaments or long drawers or a chemise or shoes.'—Abú Dáud.
On Abstaining from Hunting During Pilgrimage
It is related from Aṣ Ṣaʿb bin Jathámah that he brought a present of an ass to the Apostle of God when he was at Abwái or Waddán; but he returned it to him. Then when the Apostle of God saw what (displeasure) was in his face, he said, 'Verily I would not have returned it to thee, except that we put on the pilgrim garb.'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Abú Qatádah that he went out with the Apostle of God, but he lingered behind with some of his companions. And they were engaged in the pilgrimage, but he was not so engaged. Then they saw a wild ass before he did; but when they saw it they left it alone, until at length Abú Qatádah saw it also. Then he mounted his horse and asked them to give him his whip, but they refused. Then he took it and attacked and wounded it. Afterwards he ate of it, and they ate of it. Then they regretted having done so, and when they came up with the Apostle of God they asked him about it. He replied, 'Is there any of it with you?' They said, 'We have a leg of it with us.' Then the Prophet took and ate of it.—Muslim, Al Bukhárí. And in another tradition, given by both Muslim and Al Bukhárí, it runs, 'When they came to the Apostle of God he said, "Did any one of you order him to attack it or point towards it?" They replied, "No." He said, "Then eat what remains of its flesh."
It is related from Ibn ʿOmar from the Prophet that, 'He said, "There are five things which it is no sin to kill on sacred ground and when one is performing the pilgrimage: a mouse, a raven, a hawk, a scorpion and a biting dog."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Jábir that, 'The Apostle of God said, "The flesh of game is lawful for you when performing the pilgrimage, so long as you do not hunt it yourselves, or it is not hunted on your behalf."'—Abú Dáud, At Tirmidhí.
It is related from ʿAbduʾr-Raḥmán bin abi ʿAmmár that he said, 'I asked Jábir bin ʿAbduʾlláh concerning the hyena: whether it was game. He replied, "Yes." I said, "May it be eaten?" He said, "Yes." I said, "Didst thou hear it from the Apostle of God?" He replied, "Yes."'—At Tirmidhí, An Nasái.
On Being Prevented from Going on Pilgrimage and
Missing the Time for Its Observance
It is related from ʿAbduʾlláh bin ʿOmar that he said, 'We went out with the Apostle of God, but the unbelievers of the Quraish prevented him from entering the House (of God). Then the Prophet killed his sacrifices and shaved, and his companions cut their hair short.'—Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Ibn ʿOmar that he said, 'Is not the practice of the Apostle of God sufficient for you? If any one of you is prevented from performing the pilgrimage, he must make the circuit of the House of God, and (run between) Ṣafa and Marwah. After that he will be free from all obligations until he performs the pilgrimage in the following year. And let him offer a sacrifice, or, if he has not wherewith to sacrifice, then let him fast.'—Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Al Ḥajjaj bin ʿAmruʾl-Anṣári that, 'The Apostle of God said, "He whose limb is broken or who is lame has been released from the obligation to perform the pilgrimage; but he must perform the next pilgrimage."'—At Tirmidhí, Abú Dáud, An Nasái, Ibn Májah. And Abú Dáud has added in another tradition the words, 'Or is sick.'
Concerning the Sacred Territory of Mecca which
God has Guarded
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The Apostle of God said on the day of the conquest of Mecca, "There must be no more fleeing, but fighting, and the intention (to do one's duty). Therefore if ye are called on to go out to fight; then go out to fight." And on the day of the conquest of Mecca he said, "Verily God made this city sacred on the day when He created the heavens and the earth. Then it is sacred with the sanctity of God until the day of resurrection. And verily fighting therein is unlawful for any one before me, and it is unlawful for me, except for one hour of the day. Therefore it is sacred with the sanctity of God until the day of resurrection. Its thorns must not be cut, its game must not be hunted, and that which has fallen upon the ground must not be picked up, except that any one makes it known to the people, and its grass must not be cut." Then Al ʿAyyâs said, "O Apostle of God, (let it remain) except the (grass called) idhkhára, because it is useful for their blacksmiths and for their houses." Then he replied, "Except idhkhára."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Jâbir that he said, 'I heard the Prophet say, "It is not lawful for any one of you to carry arms in Mecca."'—Muslim.
It is related from Anas that, 'The Prophet entered Mecca on the day of its conquest, and on his head was a piece of mail worn beneath the helmet. And when he took it off a man came and said, "Verily Ibn Khatal is clinging to the veil of the Kaʿbah." He replied, "Kill him."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from ʿÁyesha that, 'The Apostle of God said, "An army will come to attack the Kaʿbah, and when they come to Baidái the first and last of them will be swallowed up by the earth." I said, "O Apostle of God, how will the first of them and the last of them be swallowed up, when amongst them will be their camp-followers and those who are not of their party. " He replied, "The first of them and the last of them will be swallowed up. Then (at the end) they will be raised up according to their intentions."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Abú Hurairah that, 'The Apostle of God said, "A man of Abyssinia, having small legs, will destroy the Kaʿbah."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Ibn ʿAbbás that, 'The Apostle of God said, addressing Mecca, "How fine thou art amongst cities! and how beloved of me! If it were not that my people turned me out of thee, I would live in none other but thee."'—At Tirmidhí.
It is related from Abú Shuraihuʾl-ʿAdwi that he said to ʿAmru bin Saʿíd when he sent an army to Mecca, 'Give me permission, O ʿAmir, and I will relate to thee something that the Apostle of God said on the day after the conquest of Mecca. I heard him with my two ears, and my heart remembered it, and my two eyes saw it. When he spake he glorified and praised God, and then said, "Verily God has made Mecca sacred, and it is not man who has made it sacred, therefore it is not lawful for a man who believes in God and the last day to shed blood therein, or to cut down trees therein. And if any one seeks a concession to do so by virtue of the fighting of the Apostle of God therein, then say to him, 'Verily God gave permission to His Apostle, but has not given you permission.' He only gave me permission (to fight) in it for one hour of the day. And its sanctity has remained to-day what it was yesterday. Then let those present inform those who are absent." Then it was said to Abú Shuraih, "What did ʿAmru say to thee." He replied, "He said, I know that better than thou, O Abú Shuraih. Verily the sacred land (of Mecca) does not offer a refuge to rebels, or to those that flee after shedding blood, or to those who flee after destroying property."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
Concerning the Sacred Territory of Madína
It is related from Saʿd that, 'The Apostle of God said, "Verily I have made sacred all that lies between the two strong plains of Madína, that its trees be not cut nor its game killed." And he said, "Madína is best for them, if they had but known. No one takes leave of it willingly, but God brings to it in exchange one who' is better than he; and no one remains constant in the midst of its hardships and afflictions, but I shall be an intercessor or witness on his behalf on the day of resurrection."'—Muslim.
It is related from Abú Hurairah that he said, 'The people, when they saw the first fruits, used to bring them to the Prophet; and when he took them he used to say, "O God, bless us in our fruits, and bless us in our city, and bless us in filling up (the grain measures) ṣáʾa and mudda. O God, verily Abraham was Thy servant and Thy friend and Thy Prophet. And I am Thy servant and Thy Prophet. And he prayed to Thee for Mecca, and I pray to Thee for Madína like as he prayed for Mecca, and a (second) equal portion with it." After that (Abú Hurairah) said, he used to call the smallest boy of his household and give him the fruit.'—Muslim.
It is related from ʿÁmir bin Saʿd that verily Saʿd was riding towards his home in Al ʿAqíq, and he came across a slave cutting, trees, or beating off the leaves; so he plundered him. Then when Saʿd returned, the masters of the slave came to him, and spoke to him, saying that he should return to their slave or to them what he had taken from their slave. He replied, 'God forbid that I should return anything which the Apostle of God gave me as booty.' And he refused to return (the things) to them.—Muslim.
It is related from ʿÁyesha that she said, 'When the Apostle of God came to Madína, Abú Bakr and Bilál were attacked by fever. Then I came to the Apostle of God and informed him. Then he said, "O God, make Madína beloved to us as thou hast made Mecca beloved to us, or even more so; and make it healthy, and bless us in (filling up its grain measures) ṣaʿa and mudda, and take away its fever and put it in Juḥfah."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Abú Hurairah that, 'The Apostle of God said, "I was ordered to (flee to) a city which eats up other cities. They called it Yathreb, which is Madína. It expels men as a blacksmith's bellows expels the dross of iron."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Anas that, 'The Apostle of God said, "There is no city which Anti-Christ will not tread upon, except Mecca and Madína. These have no road upon which angels do not stand in rank, to protect them. Then he will come down on marshy ground, and Madína, with the people thereof, will tremble three times. And all unbelievers and hypocrites will go out to him."'—Muslim, Al Bukhárí.
It is related from Ibn ʿOmar that, 'The Apostle of God said, "Whoever is able to die in Madína, let him die therein; for verily I will intercede for whoever dies therein."'—Aḥmad, At Tirmidhí.
It is related from Abú Hurairah that, 'The Apostle of God said, "The last of the cities of Islám to be destroyed is Madína."'—At Tirmidhí.
It is related from Ibn ʿOmar that, 'The Apostle of God said, "Whoever goes on pilgrimage and visits my grave after my death will be as he who visited me in my lifetime."'—Al Baihaqi.