Starin v. The Jesse Williamson/Opinion of the Court

by Samuel Blatchford

United States Supreme Court

108 U.S. 305

Starin  v.  The Jesse Williamson

This is a suit in rem, in admiralty, to recover damages for a collision, brought in the district court, where the libel was dismissed. The decree was affirmed by the circuit court, on appeal, and the libelant has appealed to this court. The amount of damages claimed in the libel is $27,000. The collision occurred on the second of November, 1875. The libel was filed on the fifth day of the same month, and the vessel was attached, under process, on the same day. On the 9th, Richard H. Seward, describing himself self as master of the schooner sued, filed a claim to her, in which he stated that he intervened, as agent of the owners of the schooner, 'for the interest of Daniel Marcy, William H. Sise, and others, owners of said schooner,' in her, and made claim to her, and averred that he was in possession of her when she was attached, and that 'the persons above named and others are the true and bona fide owners' of her, and that no other person 'is' her owner. The master signed the claim as 'agent,' and made oath to it 'that the owners of said schooner reside in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and Kittery, Maine, and that this deponent is duly authorized to put in this this claim in behalf of the owners of the said schooner,' etc. On the twelfth of November, the value of the schooner was fixed by appraisement at the sum of $2,100, and a stipulation for value in that amount was entered into pursuant to the rules and practice of the district court, signed 'W. H. Sise & Co., by R. H. Seward,' and also signed by two sureties, not claimants. A stipulation for costs, entered into on behalf of the claimants, on November 9th, pursuant to the rules and practice of the district court, recites that a claim had been filed in the cause 'by Daniel Marcy, William H. Sise, and others, owners of said vessel,' etc. The answer, which was sworn to December 18, 1875, purports to be the answer of 17 persons, (two of whom are Daniel Marcy and William H. Sise,) whom it states to be 'claimants of the schooner' and 'respondents,' and the answer speaks of the vessel as the 'respondents' schooner.' The oath to the answer is made by a person who swears that he is 'agent for the schooner,' 'and transacts business for her owners,' and 'that the owners are not, nor is either of them, or the master thereof, within this district.'

The appellees moved to dismiss the appeal for want of jurisdiction in this court to entertain it, on the ground that the matter in dispute does not exceed the sum or value of $5,000, exclusive of costs, as required by section 3 of the act of February 16, 1875, (18 St. at Large, c. 77, p. 316.) We have held, at this term, on a full review of the subject, in Hilton v. Dickinson, [ante, 424,] that while we have jurisdiction of a writ of error or appeal by a plaintiff below when he sues for as much as or more than our jurisdiction requires and recovers nothing, the actual matter in dispute in this court, as shown by the record, and not alone the damages alleged or prayed for in the declaration, must be looked to in determining the question of jurisdiction. We have also held, in Town of Elgin v. Marshall, 106 U.S. 578, [S.C.. 1 SUP.CT. REP. 484,] that the required valuation is limited to the matter in dispute in the particular suit in which the jurisdiction is invoked; that any estimate of value as to any matter not actually the subject of that suit must be excluded; and that there cannot be added to the value of the matter determined in that suit any estimate in money, by reason of the probative force of the judgment itself in some subsequent proceeding. As is remarked in the latter case: 'The value of the judgment, as an estoppel, depends upon whether it could be used in evidence in a subsequent action between the same parties.'

In the present case, although the libelant may recover $27,000 against the vessel, because he demands that amount against her, it is plain that he cannot recover, on the stipulation for value, which represents her, more than $2,100, and cannot recover against the sureties in the stipulation more than that amount. Therefore, this being a suit in rem only, the value of the vessel, represented by the stipulation, is all that is in dispute, because that is all the libelant can obtain, or the stipulators can lose, in this suit.

The libelant contends, however, that a decree for him for $27,000 against the vessel would establish the liability of the claimants for that amount. But it could not be contended that this would be so in any case but one where the claimants were alleged and shown to have been the owners of the vessel sued, at the time of the collision. In the case of The Enterprise, 2 Curt. 317, the record showed that the claimant of the vessel was an owner of her during the voyage for which the wages sued for were claimed, and that by his answer he contested in that character the right to wages. For these reasons it was held that the decree in the suit in rem bound him personally, as res adjudicata; that a libel in personam against him would lie to execute that decree; and that the matter in dispute in that case was not the vessel or the existence of a lien on her. The proceeds of the sale of the vessel were $13.90, the decree was for more then $50, and $50 was the amount necessary for jurisdiction on an appeal. Under these circumstances an appeal was allowed.

There is no allegation in the libel in this case, as to who were the owners of the vessel at the time of the collision, and nothing is set forth therein as a foundation for any ultimate recovery against any particular persons, as such owners, of so much of the $27,000 claimed as may exceed the appraised value of the vessel. Rule 15, in admiralty, provides that 'in all suits for damage by collision, the libelant may proceed against the ship and master, or against the ship alone, or against the master or the owner alone, in personam.' This rule, as is well settled, excludes the joining in one suit of the vessel and her owners; but it does not prevent the introduction into the libel of allegations as to the ownership of the vessel at the time of the collision, with a view to a proceeding to obtain such ultimate relief in personam, on the basis of a recovery in rem, as the libelant may be entitled to. Nor is there in the record in this case anything which can be held to establish, as against the claimants of the vessel, though they were her owners when the claim was filed, that they were her owners at the time of the collision, and so in a position to be liable to respond in personam for the damages suffered by the libelant, in a proper proceeding in personam.

If the libelant had recovered more than $5,000 in this case, in the circuit court, against the vessel, the claimants could not have appealed to this court, because, for the reasons above set forth, the amount in dispute would have been only $2,100, on the record as it stands. As we held in Hilton v. Dickinson, ubi supra, the statute does not give to the plaintiff an advantage over the defendant, under the same circumstances.

The appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction.

Notes