The Age of Fable/GLOSSARY

by Thomas Bulfinch

A

Abdalrahman, founder of the independent Ommiad (Saracenic) power in Spain, conquered at Tours by Charles Martel

Aberfraw, scene of nuptials of Branwen and Matholch

Absyrtus, younger brother of Medea

Abydos, a town on the Hellespont, nearly opposite to Sestos

Abyla, Mount, or Columna, a mountain in Morocco, near Ceuta, now called Jebel Musa or Ape's Hill, forming the Northwestern extremity of the African coast opposite Gibraltar (See Pillars of Hercules)

Acestes, son of a Trojan woman who was sent by her father to Sicily, that she might not be devoured by the monsters which infested the territory of Troy

Acetes, Bacchanal captured by Pentheus

Achates, faithful friend and companion of Aeneas

Achelous, river-god of the largest river in Greece—his Horn of Plenty

Achilles, the hero of the Iliad, son of Peleus and of the Nereid Thetis, slain by Paris

Acis, youth loved by Galatea and slain by Polyphemus

Acontius, a beautiful youth, who fell in love with Cydippe, the daughter of a noble Athenian.

Acrisius, son of Abas, king of Argos, grandson of Lynceus, the great-grandson of Danaus.

Actaeon, a celebrated huntsman, son of Aristaeus and Autonoe, who, having seen Diana bathing, was changed by her to a stag and killed by his own dogs.

Admeta, daughter of Eurystheus, covets Hippolyta's girdle.

Admetus, king of Thessaly, saved from death by Alcestis

Adonis, a youth beloved by Aphrodite (Venus), and Proserpine; killed by a boar.

Adrastus, a king of Argos.

Æacus, son of Zeus (Jupiter) and Aegina, renowned in all Greece for his justice and piety.

Æaea, Circe's island, visited by Ulysses.

Æetes, or Aeeta, son of Helios (the Sun) and Perseis, and father of Medea and Absyrtus.

Ægeus, king of Athens.

Ægina, a rocky island in the middle of the Saronic gulf.

Ægis, shield or breastplate of Jupiter and Minerva.

Ægisthus, murderer of Agamemnon, slain by Orestes.

Æneas, Trojan hero, son of Anchises and Aphrodite (Venus), and born on Mount Ida, reputed first settler of Rome,

Aeneid, poem by Virgil, relating the wanderings of Aeneas from Troy to Italy,

Æolus, son of Hellen and the nymph Orseis, represented in Homer as the happy ruler of the Aeolian Islands, to whom Zeus had given dominion over the winds,

Æsculapius, god of the medical art,

Æson, father of Jason, made young again by Medea,

Æthiopians, inhabitants of the country south of Egypt,

Æthra, mother of Theseus by Aegeus,

Ætna, volcano in Sicily,

Agamedes, brother of Trophonius, distinguished as an architect,

Agamemnon, son of Plisthenis and grandson of Atreus, king of Mycenae, although the chief commander of the Greeks, is not the hero of the Iliad, and in chivalrous spirit altogether inferior to Achilles,

Agave, daughter of Cadmus, wife of Echion, and mother of Pentheus,

Agenor, father of Europa, Cadmus, Cilix, and Phoenix,

Aglaia, one of the Graces,

Agni, Hindu god of fire,

Agramant, a king in Africa,

Agrican, fabled king of Tartary, pursuing Angelica, finally killed by Orlando,

Agrivain, one of Arthur's knights,

Ahriman, the Evil Spirit in the dual system of Zoroaster, See Ormuzd

Ajax, son of Telamon, king of Salamis, and grandson of Aeacus, represented in the Iliad as second only to Achilles in bravery,

Alba, the river where King Arthur fought the Romans,

Alba Longa, city in Italy founded by son of Aeneas,

Alberich, dwarf guardian of Rhine gold treasure of the Nibelungs

Albracca, siege of,

Alcestis, wife of Admetus, offered hersell as sacrifice to spare her husband, but rescued by Hercules,

Alcides (Hercules),

Alcina, enchantress,

Alcinous, Phaeacian king,

Alcippe, daughter of Mars, carried off by Halirrhothrus,

Alcmena, wife of Jupiter, and mother of Hercules,

Alcuin, English prelate and scholar,

Aldrovandus, dwarf guardian of treasure,

Alecto, one of the Furies,

Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, conqueror of Greece, Egypt, Persia, Babylonia, and India,

Alfadur, a name for Odin,

Alfheim, abode of the elves of light,

Alice, mother of Huon and Girard, sons of Duke Sevinus,

Alphenor, son of Niobe,

Alpheus, river god pursuing Arethusa, who escaped by being changed to a fountain,

Althæa, mother of Meleager, whom she slew because he had in a quarrel killed her brothers, thus disgracing "the house of Thestius," her father,

Amalthea, nurse of the infant Jupiter in Crete,

Amata, wife of Latinus, driven mad by Alecto,

Amaury of Hauteville, false hearted Knight of Charlemagne,

Amazons, mythical race of warlike women,

Ambrosia, celestial food used by the gods,

Ammon, Egyptian god of life identified by Romans with phases of Jupiter, the father of gods,

Amphiaraus, a great prophet and hero at Argos,

Amphion, a musician, son of Jupiter and Antiope (See Dirce),

Amphitrite, wife of Neptune,

Amphyrsos, a small river in Thessaly,

Ampyx, assailant of Perseus, turned to stone by seeing Gorgon's head,

Amrita, nectar giving immortality,

Amun, See Ammon

Amymone, one of the fifty daughters of Danaus, and mother by Poseidon (Neptune) of Nauplius, the father of Palamedes,

Anaxarete, a maiden of Cyprus, who treated her lover Iphis with such haughtiness that he hanged himself at her door,

Anbessa, Saracenic governor of Spain (725 AD),

Anceus, one of the Argonauts,

Anchises, beloved by Aphrodite (Venus), by whom he became the father of Aeneas,

Andraemon, husband of Dryope, saw her changed into a tree,

Andret, a cowardly knight, spy upon Tristram,

Andromache, wife of Hector

Andromeda, daughter of King Cephas, delivered from monster by Perseus

Aneurin, Welsh bard

Angelica, Princess of Cathay

Anemone, short lived wind flower, created by Venus from the blood of the slain Adonis

Angerbode, giant prophetess, mother of Fenris, Hela and the Midgard Serpent

Anglesey, a Northern British island, refuge of Druids fleeing from Romans

Antæus, giant wrestler of Libya, killed by Hercules, who, finding him stronger when thrown to the earth, lifted him into the air and strangled him

Antea, wife of jealous Proetus

Antenor, descendants of, in Italy

Anteros, deity avenging unrequited love, brother of Eros (Cupid)

Anthor, a Greek

Antigone, daughter of Ædipus, Greek ideal of filial and sisterly fidelity

Antilochus, son of Nestor

Antiope, Amazonian queen. See Dirce

Anubis, Egyptian god, conductor of the dead to judgment

Apennines

Aphrodite See Venus, Dione, etc.

Apis, Egyptian bull god of Memphis

Apollo, god of music and song

Apollo Belvedere, famous antique statue in Vatican at Rome

Apples of the Hesperides, wedding gifts to Juno, guarded by daughters of Atlas and Hesperis, stolen by Atlas for Hercules,

Aquilo, or Boreas, the North Wind,

Aquitaine, ancient province of Southwestern France,

Arachne, a maiden skilled in weaving, changed to a spider by Minerva for daring to compete with her,

Arcadia, a country in the middle of Peloponnesus, surrounded on all sides by mountains,

Arcady, star of, the Pole star,

Arcas, son of Jupiter and Callisto,

Archer, constellation of the,

Areopagus, court of the, at Athens,

Ares, called Mars by the Romans, the Greek god of war, and one of the great Olympian gods,

Arethusa, nymph of Diana, changed to a fountain,

Argius king of Ireland, father of Isoude the Fair,

Argo, builder of the vessel of Jason for the Argonautic expedition,

Argolis, city of the Nemean games,

Argonauts, Jason's crew seeking the Golden Fleece,

Argos, a kingdom in Greece,

Argus, of the hundred eyes, guardian of Io,

Ariadne, daughter of King Minos, who helped Theseus slay the Minotaur,

Arimanes See Ahriman.

Arimaspians, one-eyed people of Syria,

Arion, famous musician, whom sailors cast into the sea to rob him, but whose lyric song charmed the dolphins, one of which bore him safely to land,

Aristaeus, the bee keeper, in love with Eurydice,

Armorica, another name for Britain,

Arridano, a magical ruffian, slain by Orlando,

Artemis See Diana

Arthgallo, brother of Elidure, British king,

Arthur, king in Britain about the 6th century,

Aruns, an Etruscan who killed Camilla,

Asgard, home of the Northern gods,

Ashtaroth, a cruel spirit, called by enchantment to bring Rinaldo to death,

Aske, the first man, made from an ash tree,

Astolpho of England, one of Charlemagne's knights,

Astraea, goddess of justice, daughter of Astraeus and Eos,

Astyages, an assailant of Perseus,

Astyanax, son of Hector of Troy, established kingdom of Messina in Italy,

Asuias, opponents of the Braminical gods,

Atalanta, beautiful daughter of King of Icaria, loved and won in a foot race by Hippomenes,

Ate, the goddess of infatuation, mischief and guilt,

Athamas, son of Aeolus and Enarete, and king of Orchomenus, in Boeotia, See Ino

Athene, tutelary goddess of Athens, the same as Minerva,

Athens, the capital of Attica, about four miles from the sea, between the small rivers Cephissus and Ilissus,

Athor, Egyptian deity, progenitor of Isis and Osiris,

Athos, the mountainous peninsula, also called Acte, which projects from Chalcidice in Macedonia,

Atlantes, foster father of Rogero, a powerful magician,

Atlantis, according to an ancient tradition, a great island west of the Pillars of Hercules, in the ocean, opposite Mount Atlas,

Atlas, a Titan, who bore the heavens on his shoulders, as punishment for opposing the gods, one of the sons of Iapetus,

Atlas, Mount, general name for range in northern Africa,

Atropos, one of the Fates

Attica, a state in ancient Greece,

Audhumbla, the cow from which the giant Ymir was nursed. Her milk was frost melted into raindrops,

Augean stables, cleansed by Hercules,

Augeas, king of Elis,

Augustan age, reign of Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar, famed for many great authors,

Augustus, the first imperial Caesar, who ruled the Roman Empire 31 BC—14 AD,

Aulis, port in Boeotia, meeting place of Greek expedition against Troy,

Aurora, identical with Eos, goddess of the dawn,

Aurora Borealis, splendid nocturnal luminosity in northern sky, called Northern Lights, probably electrical,

Autumn, attendant of Phoebus, the Sun,

Avalon, land of the Blessed, an earthly paradise in the Western Seas, burial place of King Arthur,

Avatar, name for any of the earthly incarnations of Vishnu, the Preserver (Hindu god),

Aventine, Mount, one of the Seven Hills of Rome,

Avernus, a miasmatic lake close to the promontory between Cumae and Puteoli, filling the crater of an extinct volcano, by the ancients thought to be the entrance to the infernal regions,

Avicenna, celebrated Arabian physician and philosopher,

Aya, mother of Rinaldo,

Aymon, Duke, father of Rinaldo and Bradamante,

B

Baal, king of Tyre,

Babylonian River, dried up when Phaeton drove the sun chariot,

Bacchanali a, a feast to Bacchus that was permitted to occur but once in three years, attended by most shameless orgies,

Bacchanals, devotees and festal dancers of Bacchus,

Bacchus (Dionysus), god of wine and revelry,

Badon, battle of, Arthur's final victory over the Saxons,

Bagdemagus, King, a knight of Arthur's time,

Baldur, son of Odin, and representing in Norse mythology the sun god,

Balisardo, Orlando's sword,

Ban, King of Brittany, ally of Arthur, father of Launcelot,

Bards, minstrels of Welsh Druids,

Basilisk See Cockatrice

Baucis, wife of Philemon, visited by Jupiter and Mercury,

Bayard, wild horse subdued by Rinaldo,

Beal, Druids' god of life,

Bedivere, Arthur's knight,

Bedver, King Arthur's butler, made governor of Normandy,

Bedwyr, knightly comrade of Geraint,

Belisarda, Rogero's sword,

Bellerophon, demigod, conqueror of the Chimæra,

Bellona, the Roman goddess of war, represented as the sister or wife of Mars,

Beltane, Druidical fire festival,

Belus, son of Poseidon (Neptune) and Libya or Eurynome, twin brother of Agenor,

Bendigeid Vran, King of Britain,

Beowulf, hero and king of the Swedish Geats,

Beroe, nurse of Semele,

Bertha, mother of Orlando,

Bifrost, rainbow bridge between the earth and Asgard

Bladud, inventor, builder of the city of Bath,

Blamor, a knight of Arthur,

Bleoberis, a knight of Arthur,

Boeotia, state in ancient Greece, capital city Thebes,

Bohort, King, a knight of Arthur,

Bona Dea, a Roman divinity of fertility,

Bootes, also called Areas, son of Jupiter and Calisto, changed to constellation of Ursa Major,

Boreas, North wind, son of Aeolus and Aurora,

Bosporus (Bosphorus), the Cow-ford, named for Io, when as a heifer she crossed that strait,

Bradamante, sister to Rinaldo, a female warrior,

Brademagus, King, father of Sir Maleagans,

Bragi, Norse god of poetry,

Brahma, the Creator, chief god of Hindu religion,

Branwen, daughter of Llyr, King of Britain, wife of Mathclch,

Breciliande, forest of, where Vivian enticed Merlin,

Brengwain, maid of Isoude the Fair

Brennus, son of Molmutius, went to Gaul, became King of the Allobroges,

Breuse, the Pitiless, a caitiff knight,

Briareus, hundred armed giant,

Brice, Bishop, sustainer of Arthur when elected king,

Brigliadoro, Orlando's horse,

Briseis, captive maid belonging to Achilles,

Britto, reputed ancestor of British people,

Bruhier, Sultan of Arabia,

Brunello, dwarf, thief, and king

Brunhild, leader of the Valkyrie,

Brutus, great grandson of Aeneas, and founder of city of New Troy (London), See Pandrasus

Bryan, Sir, a knight of Arthur,

Buddha, called The Enlightened, reformer of Brahmanism, deified teacher of self abnegation, virtue, reincarnation, Karma (inevitable sequence of every act), and Nirvana (beatific absorption into the Divine), lived about

Byblos, in Egypt,

Byrsa, original site of Carthage,

C

Cacus, gigantic son of Vulcan, slain by Hercules, whose captured cattle he stole,

Cadmus, son of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, and of Telephassa, and brother of Europa, who, seeking his sister, carried off by Jupiter, had strange adventures—sowing in the ground teeth of a dragon he had killed, which sprang up armed men who slew each other, all but five, who helped Cadmus to found the city of Thebes,

Caduceus, Mercury's staff,

Cadwallo, King of Venedotia (North Wales),

Caerleon, traditional seat of Arthur's court,

Caesar, Julius, Roman lawyer, general, statesman and author, conquered and consolidated Roman territory, making possible the Empire,

Caicus, a Greek river,

Cairns, Druidical store piles,

Calais, French town facing England,

Calchas, wisest soothsayer among the Greeks at Troy,

Caliburn, a sword of Arthur,

Calliope, one of the nine Muses

Callisto, an Arcadian nymph, mother of Arcas (See Bootes), changed by Jupiter to constellation Ursa Minor,

Calpe, a mountain in the south of Spain, on the strait between the Atlantic and Mediterranean, now Rock of Gibraltar,

Calydon, home of Meleager,

Calypso, queen of Island of Ogyia, where Ulysses was wrecked and held seven years,

Camber, son of Brutus, governor of West Albion (Wales),

Camelot, legendary place in England where Arthur's court and palace were located,

Camenae, prophetic nymphs, belonging to the religion of ancient Italy,

Camilla, Volscian maiden, huntress and Amazonian warrior, favorite of Diana,

Camlan, battle of, where Arthur was mortally wounded,

Canterbury, English city,

Capaneus, husband of Evadne, slain by Jupiter for disobedience,

Capet, Hugh, King of France (987-996 AD),

Caradoc Briefbras, Sir, great nephew of King Arthur,

Carahue, King of Mauretania,

Carthage, African city, home of Dido

Cassandra, daughter of Priam and Hecuba, and twin sister of Helenus, a prophetess, who foretold the coming of the Greeks but was not believed,

Cassibellaunus, British chieftain, fought but not conquered by Caesar,

Cassiopeia, mother of Andromeda,

Castalia, fountain of Parnassus, giving inspiration to Oracular priestess named Pythia,

Castalian Cave, oracle of Apollo,

Castes (India),

Castor and Pollux—the Dioscuri, sons of Jupiter and Leda,— Castor a horseman, Pollux a boxer (SEE Gemini),

Caucasus, Mount

Cavall, Arthur's favorite dog,

Cayster, ancient river,

Cebriones, Hector's charioteer,

Cecrops, first king of Athens,

Celestials, gods of classic mythology,

Celeus, shepherd who sheltered Ceres, seeking Proserpine, and whose infant son Triptolemus was in gratitude made great by Ceres,

Cellini, Benvenuto, famous Italian sculptor and artificer in metals,

Celtic nations, ancient Gauls and Britons, modern Bretons, Welsh, Irish and Gaelic Scotch,

Centaurs, originally an ancient race, inhabiting Mount Pelion in Thessaly, in later accounts represented as half horses and half men, and said to have been the offspring of Ixion and a cloud,

Cephalus, husband of beautiful but jealous Procris,

Cephe us, King of Ethiopians, father of Andromeda,

Cephisus, a Grecian stream,

Cerberus, three-headed dog that guarded the entrance to Hades, called a son of Typhaon and Echidna

Ceres (See Demeter)

Cestus, the girdle of Venus

Ceyx, King of Thessaly (See Halcyone)

Chaos, original Confusion, personified by Greeks as most ancient of the gods

Charlemagne, king of the Franks and emperor of the Romans

Charles Martel, king of the Franks, grandfather of Charlemagne, called Martel (the Hammer) from his defeat of the Saracens at Tours

Charlot, son of Charlemagne

Charon, son of Erebos, conveyed in his boat the shades of the dead across the rivers of the lower world

Charybdis, whirlpool near the coast of Sicily, See Scylla

Chimæra, a fire breathing monster, the fore part of whose body was that of a lion, the hind part that of a dragon, and the middle that of a goat, slain by Bellerophon

China, Lamas (priests) of

Chos, island in the Grecian archipelago

Chiron, wisest of all the Centaurs, son of Cronos (Saturn) and Philyra, lived on Mount Pelion, instructor of Grecian heroes

Chryseis, Trojan maid, taken by Agamemnon

Chryses, priest of Apollo, father of Chryseis

Ciconians, inhabitants of Ismarus, visited by Ulysses

Cimbri, an ancient people of Central Europe

Cimmeria, a land of darkness

Cimon, Athenian general

Circe, sorceress, sister of Aeetes

Cithaeron, Mount, scene of Bacchic worship

Clarimunda, wife of Huon

Clio, one of the Muses

Cloridan, a Moor

Clotho, one of the Fates

Clymene, an ocean nymph

Clytemnestra, wife of Agamemnon, killed by Orestes

Clytie, a water nymph, in love with Apollo

Cnidos, ancient city of Asia Minor, seat of worship of Aphrodite (Venus)

Cockatrice (or Basilisk), called King of Serpents, supposed to kill with its look

Cocytus, a river of Hades

Colchis, a kingdom east of the Black Sea

Colophon, one of the seven cities claiming the birth of Homer

Columba, St, an Irish Christian missionary to Druidical parts of Scotland

Conan, Welsh king

Constantine, Greek emperor

Cordeilla, daughter of the mythical King Leir

Corineus, a Trojan warrior in Albion

Cornwall, southwest part of Britain

Cortana, Ogier's sword

Corybantes, priests of Cybele, or Rhea, in Phrygia, who celebrated her worship with dances, to the sound of the drum and the cymbal, 143

Crab, constellation

Cranes and their enemies, the Pygmies, of Ibycus

Creon, king of Thebes

Crete, one of the largest islands of the Mediterranean Sea, lying south of the Cyclades

Creusa, daughter of Priam, wife of Aeneas

Crocale, a nymph of Diana

Cromlech, Druidical altar

Cronos, See Saturn

Crotona, city of Italy

Cuchulain, Irish hero, called the "Hound of Ireland,"

Culdees', followers of St. Columba, Cumaean Sibyl, seeress of Cumae, consulted by Aeneas, sold Sibylline books to Tarquin

Cupid, child of Venus and god of love

Curoi of Kerry, wise man

Cyane, river, opposed Pluto's passage to Hades

Cybele (Rhea)

Cyclopes, creatures with circular eyes, of whom Homer speaks as a gigantic and lawless race of shepherds in Sicily, who devoured human beings, they helped Vulcan to forge the thunderbolts of Zeus under Aetna

Cymbeline, king of ancient Britain

Cynosure (Dog's tail), the Pole star, at tail of Constellation Ursa Minor

Cynthian mountain top, birthplace of Artemis (Diana) and Apollo

Cyprus, island off the coast of Syria, sacred to Aphrodite

Cyrene, a nymph, mother of Aristaeus

D

Dædalus, architect of the Cretan Labyrinth, inventor of sails

Daguenet, King Arthur's fool

Dalai Lama, chief pontiff of Thibet

Danae, mother of Perseus by Jupiter

Danaides, the fifty daughters of Danaus, king of Argos, who were betrothed to the fifty sons of Aegyptus, but were commanded by their father to slay each her own husband on the marriage night

Danaus (See Danaides)

Daphne, maiden loved by Apollo, and changed into a laurel tree

Dardanelles, ancient Hellespont

Dardanus, progenitor of the Trojan kings

Dardinel, prince of Zumara

Dawn, See Aurora

Day, an attendant on Phoebus, the Sun

Day star (Hesperus)

Death, See Hela

Deiphobus, son of Priam and Hecuba, the bravest brother of Paris

Dejanira, wife of Hercules

Delos, floating island, birthplace of Apollo and Diana

Delphi, shrine of Apollo, famed for its oracles

Demeter, Greek goddess of marriage and human fertility, identified by Romans with Ceres

Demeha, South Wales

Demodocus, bard of Alomous, king of the Phææians

Deucalion, king of Thessaly, who with his wife Pyrrha were the only pair surviving a deluge sent by Zeus

Dia, island of

Diana (Artemis), goddess of the moon and of the chase, daughter of Jupiter and Latona

Diana of the Hind, antique sculpture in the Louvre, Paris

Diana, temple of

Dictys, a sailor

Didier, king of the Lombards

Dido, queen of Tyre and Carthage, entertained the shipwrecked Aeneas

Diomede, Greek hero during Trojan War

Dione, female Titan, mother of Zeus, of Aphrodite (Venus)

Dionysus See Bacchus

Dioscuri, the Twins (See Castor and Pollux)

Dirce, wife of Lycus, king of Thebes, who ordered Amphion and Zethus to tie Antiope to a wild bull, but they, learning Antiope to be their mother, so treated Dirce herself

Dis See Pluto

Discord, apple of, See Eris.

Discordia, See Eris.

Dodona, site of an oracle of Zeus (Jupiter)

Dorceus, a dog of Diana

Doris, wife of Nereus

Dragon's teeth sown by Cadmus

Druids, ancient Celtic priests

Dryades (or Dryads), See Wood nymphs

Dryope, changed to a lotus plant, for plucking a lotus—enchanted form of the nymph Lotis

Dubricius, bishop of Caerleon,

Dudon, a knight, comrade of Astolpho,

Dunwallo Molmutius, British king and lawgiver

Durindana, sword of Orlando or Rinaldo

Dwarfs in Wagner's Nibelungen Ring

E

Earth (Gaea); goddess of the

Ebudians, the

Echo, nymph of Diana, shunned by Narcissus, faded to nothing but a voice

Ecklenlied, the

Eddas, Norse mythological records,

Ederyn, son of Nudd

Egena, nymph of the Fountain

Eisteddfod, session of Welsh bards and minstrels

Electra, the lost one of the Pleiades, also, sister of Orestes

Eleusian Mysteries, instituted by Ceres, and calculated to awaken feelings of piety and a cheerful hope of better life in the future

Eleusis, Grecian city

Elgin Marbles, Greek sculptures from the Parthenon of Athens, now in British Museum, London, placed there by Lord Elgin

Eliaures, enchanter

Elidure, a king of Britain

Elis, ancient Greek city

Elli, old age; the one successful wrestler against Thor

Elphin, son of Gwyddiro

Elves, spiritual beings, of many powers and dispositions—some evil, some good

Elvidnir, the ball of Hela

Elysian Fields, the land of the blest

Elysian Plain, whither the favored of the gods were taken without death

Elysium, a happy land, where there is neither snow, nor cold, nor ram. Hither favored heroes, like Menelaus, pass without dying, and live happy under the rule of Rhadamanthus. In the Latin poets Elysium is part of the lower world, and the residence of the shades of the blessed

Embla, the first woman

Enseladus, giant defeated by Jupiter

Endymion, a beautiful youth beloved by Diana

Enid, wife of Geraint

Enna, vale of home of Proserpine

Enoch, the patriarch

Epidaurus, a town in Argolis, on the Saronic gulf, chief seat of the worship of Aeculapius, whose temple was situated near the town

Epimetheus, son of Iapetus, husband of Pandora, with his brother Prometheus took part in creation of man

Epirus, country to the west of Thessaly, lying along the Adriatic Sea

Epopeus, a sailor

Erato, one of the Muses

Erbin of Cornwall, father of Geraint

Erebus, son of Chaos, region of darkness, entrance to Hades

Eridanus, river

Erinys, one of the Furies

Eriphyle, sister of Polynices, bribed to decide on war, in which her husband was slain

Eris (Discordia), goddess of discord. At the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, Eris being uninvited threw into the gathering an apple "For the Fairest," which was claimed by Hera (Juno), Aphrodite (Venus) and Athena (Minerva) Paris, being called upon for judgment, awarded it to Aphrodite

Erisichthon, an unbeliever, punished by famine

Eros See Cupid

Erytheia, island

Eryx, a mount, haunt of Venus

Esepus, river in Paphlagonia

Estrildis, wife of Locrine, supplanting divorced Guendolen

Eteocles, son of Oeipus and Jocasta

Etruscans, ancient people of Italy,

Etzel, king of the Huns

Euboic Sea, where Hercules threw Lichas, who brought him the poisoned shirt of Nessus

Eude, king of Aquitaine, ally of Charles Martel

Eumæus, swineherd of Aeeas

Eumenides, also called Erinnyes, and by the Romans Furiae or Diraae, the Avenging Deities, See Furies

Euphorbus, a Trojan, killed by Menelaus

Euphrosyne, one of the Graces

Europa, daughter of the Phoenician king Agenor, by Zeus the mother of Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon

Eurus, the East wind

Euyalus, a gallant Trojan soldier, who with Nisus entered the Grecian camp, both being slain,

Eurydice, wife of Orpheus, who, fleeing from an admirer, was killed by a snake and borne to Tartarus, where Orpheus sought her and was permitted to bring her to earth if he would not look back at her following him, but he did, and she returned to the Shades,

Eurylochus, a companion of Ulysses,

Eurynome, female Titan, wife of Ophlon

Eurystheus, taskmaster of Hercules,

Eurytion, a Centaur (See Hippodamia),

Euterpe, Muse who presided over music,

Evadne, wife of Capaneus, who flung herself upon his funeral pile and perished with him

Evander, Arcadian chief, befriending Æneas in Italy,

Evnissyen, quarrelsome brother of Branwen,

Excalibar, sword of King Arthur,

F

Fafner, a giant turned dragon, treasure stealer, by the Solar Theory simply the Darkness who steals the day,

Falerina, an enchantress,

Fasolt, a giant, brother of Fafner, and killed by him,

"Fasti," Ovid's, a mythological poetic calendar,

Fata Morgana, a mirage

Fates, the three, described as daughters of Night—to indicate the darkness and obscurity of human destiny—or of Zeus and Themis, that is, "daughters of the just heavens" they were Clo'tho, who spun the thread of life, Lach'esis, who held the thread and fixed its length and At'ropos, who cut it off

Fauns, cheerful sylvan deities, represented in human form, with small horns, pointed ears, and sometimes goat's tail

Faunus, son of Picus, grandson of Saturnus, and father of Latinus, worshipped as the protecting deity of agriculture and of shepherds, and also as a giver of oracles

Favonius, the West wind

Fear

Fenris, a wolf, the son of Loki the Evil Principle of Scandinavia, supposed to have personated the element of fire, destructive except when chained

Fensalir, Freya's palace, called the Hall of the Sea, where were brought together lovers, husbands, and wives who had been separated by death

Ferragus, a giant, opponent of Orlando

Ferrau, one of Charlemagne's knights

Ferrex. brother of Porrex, the two sons of Leir

Fire Worshippers, of ancient Persia, See Parsees FLOLLO, Roman tribune in Gaul

Flora, Roman goddess of flowers and spring

Flordelis, fair maiden beloved by Florismart

Florismart, Sir, a brave knight,

Flosshilda, one of the Rhine daughters

Fortunate Fields

Fortunate Islands (See Elysian Plain)

Forum, market place and open square for public meetings in Rome, surrounded by court houses, palaces, temples, etc

Francus, son of Histion, grandson of Japhet, great grandson of Noah, legendary ancestor of the Franks, or French

Freki, one of Odin's two wolves

Frey, or Freyr, god of the sun

Freya, Norse goddess of music, spring, and flowers

Fricka, goddess of marriage

Frigga, goddess who presided over smiling nature, sending sunshine, rain, and harvest

Froh, one of the Norse gods

Frontino, Rogero's horse

Furies (Erinnyes), the three retributive spirits who punished crime, represented as snaky haired old woman, named Alecto, Megaeira, and Tisiphone

Fusberta, Rinaldo's sword

G

Gæa, or Ge, called Tellus by the Romans, the personification of the earth, described as the first being that sprang fiom Chaos, and gave birth to Uranus (Heaven) and Pontus (Sea)

Gahariet, knight of Arthur's court

Gaheris, knight

Galafron, King of Cathay, father of Angelica

Galahad, Sir, the pure knight of Arthur's Round Table, who safely took the Siege Perilous (which See)

Galatea, a Nereid or sea nymph

Galatea, statue carved and beloved by Pygmalion

Galen, Greek physician and philosophical writer

Gallehant, King of the Marches

Games, national athletic contests in Greece—Olympian, at Olympia, Pythian, near Delphi, seat of Apollo's oracle, Isthmian, on the Corinthian Isthmus, Nemean, at Nemea in Argolis

Gan, treacherous Duke of Maganza

Ganelon of Mayence, one of Charlemagne's knights

Ganges, river in India

Gano, a peer of Charlemagne

Ganymede, the most beautiful of all mortals, carried off to Olympus that he might fill the cup of Zeus and live among the immortal gods

Gareth, Arthur's knight

Gaudisso, Sultan

Gaul, ancient France

Gautama, Prince, the Buddha

Gawain, Arthur's knight

Gawl, son of Clud, suitor for Rhiannon

Gemini (See Castor), constellation created by Jupiter from the twin brothers after death, 158

Genghis Khan, Tartar conqueror

Genius, in Roman belief, the protective Spirit of each individual man, See Juno

Geoffrey Of Monmouth, translator into Latin of the Welsh History of the Kings of Britain (1150)

Geraint, a knight of King Arthur

Gerda, wife of Frey

Geri, one of Odin's two wolves

Geryon, a three bodied monster

Gesnes, navigator sent for Isoude the Fair

Giallar Horn, the trumpet that Heimdal will blow at the judgment day

Giants, beings of monstrous size and of fearful countenances, represented as in constant opposition to the gods, in Wagner's Nibelungen Ring

Gibichung Race, ancestors of Alberich

Gibraltar, great rock and town at southwest corner of Spain (See Pillars of Hercules)

Gildas, a scholar of Arthur's court

Girard, son of Duke Sevinus

Glastonbury, where Arthur died

Glaucus, a fisherman, loving Scylla

Gleipnir, magical chain on the wolf Fenris

Glewlwyd, Arthur's porter

Golden Fleece, of ram used for escape of children of Athamas, named Helle and Phryxus (which See), after sacrifice of ram to Jupiter, fleece was guarded by sleepless dragon and gained by Jason and Argonauts (which See, also Helle)

Goneril, daughter of Leir

Gordian Knot, tying up in temple the wagon of Gordius, he who could untie it being destined to be lord of Asia, it was cut by Alexander the Great, 48

Gordius, a countryman who, arriving in Phrygia in a wagon, was made king by the people, thus interpreting an oracle, 48

Gorgons, three monstrous females, with huge teeth, brazen claws and snakes for hair, sight of whom turned beholders to stone, Medusa, the most famous, slain by Perseus

Gorlois, Duke of Tintadel

Gouvernail, squire of Isabella, queen of Lionesse, protector of her son Tristram while young, and his squire in knighthood

Graal, the Holy, cup from which the Saviour drank at Last Supper, taken by Joseph of Arimathea to Europe, and lost, its recovery becoming a sacred quest for Arthur's knights

Graces, three goddesses who enhanced the enjoyments of life by refinement and gentleness; they were Aglaia (brilliance), Euphrosyne (joy), and Thalia (bloom)

Gradas'so, king of Sericane

Graeae, three gray haired female watchers for the Gorgons, with one movable eye and one tooth between the three

Grand Lama, Buddhist pontiff in Thibet

Grendel, monster slain by Beowulf

Gryphon (griffin), a fabulous animal, with the body of a lion and the head and wings of an eagle, dwelling in the Rhipaean mountains, between the Hyperboreans and the one eyed Arimaspians, and guarding the gold of the North,

Guebers, Persian fire worshippers,

Guendolen, wife of Locrine,

Guenevere, wife of King Arthur, beloved by Launcelot,

Guerin, lord of Vienne, father of Oliver,

Guiderius, son of Cymbeline,

Guillamurius, king in Ireland,

Guimier, betrothed of Caradoc,

Gullinbursti, the boar drawing Frey's car,

Gulltopp, Heimdell's horse,

Gunfasius, King of the Orkneys,

Ganther, Burgundian king, brother of Kriemhild,

Gutrune, half sister to Hagen,

Gwern son of Matholch and Branwen,

Gwernach the Giant,

Gwiffert Petit, ally of Geraint,

Gwyddno, Garanhir, King of Gwaelod,

Gwyr, judge in the court of Arthur,

Gyoll, river,

H

Hades, originally the god of the nether world—the name later used to designate the gloomy subterranean land of the dead,

Hæon, son of Creon of Thebes, and lover of Antigone,

Hæmonian city,

Haemus, Mount, northern boundary of Thrace,

Hagan, a principal character in the Nibelungen Lied, slayer of Siegfried,

Halcyone, daughter of Aeneas, and the beloved wife of Ceyx, who, when he was drowned, flew to his floating body, and the pitying gods changed them both to birds (kingfishers), who nest at sea during a certain calm week in winter ("halcyon weather")

Hamadryads, tree-nymphs or wood-nymphs, See Nymphs

Harmonia, daughter of Mars and Venus, wife of Cadmus

Haroun Al Raschid, Caliph of Arabia, contemporary of Charlemagne

Harpies, monsters, with head and bust of woman, but wings, legs and tail of birds, seizing souls of the wicked, or punishing evildoers by greedily snatching or defiling their food

Harpocrates, Egyptian god, Horus

Hebe, daughter of Juno, cupbearer to the gods

Hebrus, ancient name of river Maritzka

Hecate, a mighty and formidable divinity, supposed to send at night all kinds of demons and terrible phantoms from the lower world

Hector, son of Priam and champion of Troy

Hector, one of Arthur's knights

Hector De Marys, a knight

Hecuba, wife of Priam, king of Troy, to whom she bore Hector, Paris, and many other children

Hegira, flight of Mahomet from Mecca to Medina (622 AD), era from which Mahometans reckon time, as we do from the birth of Christ

Heidrun, she goat, furnishing mead for slain heroes in Valhalla

Heimdall, watchman of the gods

Hel, the lower world of Scandinavia, to which were consigned those who had not died in battle

Hela (Death), the daughter of Loki and the mistress of the Scandinavian Hel

Helen, daughter of Jupiter and Leda, wife of Menelaus, carried off by Paris and cause of the Trojan War

Helenus, son of Priam and Hecuba, celebrated for his prophetic powers

Heliades, sisters of Phaeton

Helicon, Mount, in Greece, residence of Apollo and the Muses, with fountains of poetic inspiration, Aganippe and Hippocrene

Helioopolis, city of the Sun, in Egypt

Hellas, Gieece

Helle, daughter of Thessalian King Athamas, who, escaping from cruel father with her brother Phryxus, on ram with golden fleece, fell into the sea strait since named for her (See Golden Fleece)

Hellespont, narrow strait between Europe and Asia Minor, named for Helle

Hengist, Saxon invader of Britain, 449 AD

Hephæstos, See Vulcan

Hera, called Juno by the Romans, a daughter of Cronos (Saturn) and Rhea, and sister and wife of Jupiter, See JUNO

Hercules, athletic hero, son of Jupiter and Alcmena, achieved twelve vast labors and many famous deeds

Hereward the Wake, hero of the Saxons

Hermes (Mercury), messenger of the gods, deity of commerce, science, eloquence, trickery, theft, and skill generally

Hermione, daughter of Menelaus and Helen

Hermod, the nimble, son of Odin

Hero, a priestess of Venus, beloved of Leander

Herodotus, Greek historian

Hesiod, Greek poet

Hesperia, ancient name for Italy

Hesperides (See Apples of the Hesperides)

Hesperus, the evening star (also called Day Star)

Hestia, cilled Vesta by the Romans, the goddess of the hearth

Hildebrand, German magician and champion

Hindu Triad, Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva

Hippocrene (See Helicon)

Hippodamia, wife of Pirithous, at whose wedding the Centaurs offered violence to the bride, causing a great battle

Hippogriff, winged horse, with eagle's head and claws

Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons

Hippolytus, son of Thesus

Hippomenes, who won Atalanta in foot race, beguiling her with golden apples thrown for her to

Histion, son of Japhet

Hodur, blind man, who, fooled by

Loki, threw a mistletoe twig at Baldur, killing him

Hoel, king of Brittany

Homer, the blind poet of Greece, about 850 B C

Hope (See Pandora)

Horæ See Hours

Horsa, with Hengist, invader of Britain

Horus, Egyptian god of the sun

Houdain, Tristram's dog

Hringham, Baldur's ship

Hrothgar, king of Denmark

Hugi, who beat Thialfi in foot races

Hugin, one of Odin's two ravens

Hunding, husband of Sieglinda

Huon, son of Duke Sevinus

Hyacinthus, a youth beloved by Apollo, and accidentally killed by him, changed in death to the flower, hyacinth

Hyades, Nysaean nymphs, nurses of infant Bacchus, rewarded by being placed as cluster of stars in the heavens

Hyale, a nymph of Diana

Hydra, nine headed monster slain by Hercules

Hygeia, goddess of health, daughter of Aesculapius

Hylas, a youth detained by nymphs of spring where he sought water

Hymen, the god of marriage, imagined as a handsome youth and invoked in bridal songs

Hymettus, mountain in Attica, near Athens, celebrated for its marble and its honey

Hyperboreans, people of the far North

Hyperion, a Titan, son of Uranus and Ge, and father of Helios, Selene, and Eos, cattle of,

Hyrcania, Prince of, betrothed to Clarimunda

Hyrieus, king in Greece,

I

Iapetus, a Titan, son of Uranus and Ge, and father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius,

Iasius, father of Atalanta

Ibycus, a poet, story of, and the cranes

Icaria, island of the Aegean Sea, one of the Sporades

Icarius, Spartan prince, father of Penelope

Icarus, son of Daedalus, he flew too near the sun with artificial wings, and, the wax melting, he fell into the sea

Icelos, attendant of Morpheus

Icolumkill See Iona

Ida, Mount, a Trojan hill

Idaeus, a Trojan herald

Idas, son of Aphareus and Arene, and brother of Lynceus Idu'na, wife of Bragi

Igerne, wife of Gorlois, and mother, by Uther, of Arthur

Iliad, epic poem of the Trojan War, by Homer

Ilioheus, a son of Niobe

Ilium See Troy

Illyria, Adriatic countries north of Greece

Imogen, daughter of Pandrasus, wife of Trojan Brutus

Inachus, son of Oceanus and Tethys, and father of Phoroneus and Io, also first king of Argos, and said to have given his name to the river Inachus

Incubus, an evil spirit, supposed to lie upon persons in their sleep

Indra, Hindu god of heaven, thunder, lightning, storm and rain

Ino, wife of Athamas, fleeing from whom with infant son she sprang into the sea and was changed to Leucothea

Io, changed to a heifer by Jupiter

Iobates, King of Lycia

Iolaus, servant of Hercules

Iole, sister of Dryope

Iona, or Icolmkill, a small northern island near Scotland, where St Columba founded a missionary monastery (563 AD)

Ionia, coast of Asia Minor

Iphigenia, daughter of Agamemnon, offered as a sacrifice but carried away by Diana

Iphis, died for love of Anaxarete, 78

Iphitas, friend of Hercules, killed by him

Iris, goddess of the rainbow, messenger of Juno and Zeus

Ironside, Arthur's knight

Isabella, daughter of king of Galicia

ISIS, wife of Osiris, described as the giver of death

Isles of the Blessed

Ismarus, first stop of Ulysses, returning from Trojan War

Ismenos, a son of Niobe, slain by Apollo

Isolier, friend of Rinaldo

Isoude The Fair, beloved of Tristram

Isoude Of The White Hands, married to Tristram

Isthmian Games, See Games

Ithaca, home of Ulysses and Penelope

Iulus, son of Aeneas

Ivo, Saracen king, befriending Rinaldo

Ixion, once a sovereign of Thessaly, sentenced in Tartarus to be lashed with serpents to a wheel which a strong wind drove continually around

J

Janiculum, Roman fortress on the Janiculus, a hill on the other side of the Tiber

Janus, a deity from the earliest times held in high estimation by the Romans, temple of

Japhet (Iapetus)

Jason, leader of the Argonauts, seeking the Golden Fleece

Joseph Of Arimathæ, who bore the Holy Graal to Europe

Jotunheim, home of the giants in Northern mythology

Jove (Zeus), chief god of Roman and Grecian mythology, See JUPITER

Joyous Garde, residence of Sir Launcelot of the Lake

Juggernaut, Hindu deity

Juno, the particular guardian spirit of each woman (See Genius)

Juno, wife of Jupiter, queen of the gods

Jupiter, Jovis Pater, Father Jove, Jupiter and Jove used interchangeably, at Dodona, statue of the Olympian

Jupiter Ammon (See Ammon)

Jupiter Capitolinus, temple of, preserving the Sibylline books

Justice, See Themis

K

Kadyriath, advises King Arthur

Kai, son of Kyner

Kalki, tenth avatar of Vishnu

Kay, Arthur's steward and a knight

Kedalion, guide of Orion

Kerman, desert of

Kicva, daughter of Gwynn Gloy

Kilwich, son of Kilydd

Kilydd, son of Prince Kelyddon, of Wales

Kneph, spirit or breath

Knights, training and life of

Kriemhild, wife of Siegfried

Krishna, eighth avatar of Vishnu, Hindu deity of fertility in nature and mankind

Kyner, father of Kav

Kynon, son of Clydno

L

Labyrinth, the enclosed maze of passageways where roamed the Minotaur of Crete, killed by Theseus with aid of Ariadne

Lachesis, one of the Fates (which See)

Lady of the Fountain, tale told by Kynon

Lætes, father of Ulysses

Laestrygonians, savages attacking Ulysses

Laius, King of Thebes

Lama, holy man of Thibet

Lampetia, daughter of Hyperion LAOC'OON, a priest of Neptune, in Troy, who warned the Trojans against the Wooden Horse (which See), but when two serpents came out of the sea and strangled him and his two sons, the people listened to the Greek spy Sinon, and brought the fatal Horse into the town

Laodamia, daughter of Acastus and wife of Protesilaus

Laodegan, King of Carmalide, helped by Arthur and Merlin

Laomedon, King of Troy

Lapithæ, Thessalonians, whose king had invited the Centaurs to his daughter's wedding but who attacked them for offering violence to the bride

Lares, household deities

Larkspur, flower from the blood of Ajax

Latinus, ruler of Latium, where Aeneas landed in Italy

Latmos, Mount, where Diana fell in love with Endymion

Latona, mother of Apollo

Launcelot, the most famous knight of the Round Table

Lausus, son of Mezentius, killed by Aeneas

Lavinia, daughter of Latinus and wife of Aeneas

Lavinium, Italian city named for Lavinia

Law, See Themis

Leander, a youth of Abydos, who, swimming the Hellespont to see Hero, his love, was drowned

Lebadea, site of the oracle of Trophomus

Lebynthos, Aegean island

Leda, Queen of Sparta, wooed by Jupiter in the form of a swan

Leir, mythical King of Britain, original of Shakespeare's Lear

Lelaps, dog of Cephalus

Lemnos, large island in the Aegean Sea, sacred to Vulcan

Lemures, the spectres or spirits of the dead

Leo, Roman emperor, Greek prince

Lethe, river of Hades, drinking whose water caused forgetfulness

Leucadia, a promontory, whence Sappho, disappointed in love, was said to have thrown herself into the sea

Leucothea, a sea goddess, invoked by sailors for protection (See Ino)

Lewis, son of Charlemagne

Liber, ancient god of fruitfulness

Libethra, burial place of Orpheus

Libya, Greek name for continent of Africa in general

Libyan Desert, in Africa

Libyan Oasis

Lichas, who brought the shirt of Nessus to Hercules

Limours, Earl of

Linus, musical instructor of Hercules

Lionel, knight of the Round Table

Llyr, King of Britain

Locrine, son of Brutus in Albion, king of Central England

Loegria, kingdom of (England)

Logestilla, a wise lady, who entertained Rogero and his friends

Logi, who vanquished Loki in an eating contest

Loki, the Satan of Norse mythology, son of the giant Farbanti

Lot, King, a rebel chief, subdued by King Arthur, then a loyal knight

Lotis, a nymph, changed to a lotus-plant and in that form plucked by Dryope

Lotus Eaters, soothed to indolence, companions of Ulysses landing among them lost all memory of home and had to be dragged away before they would continue their voyage

Love (Eros) issued from egg of Night, and with arrows and torch produced life and joy

Lucan, one of Arthur's knights

Lucius Tiberius, Roman procurator in Britain demanding tribute from Arthur

Lud, British king, whose capital was called Lud's Town (London)

Ludgate, city gate where Lud was buried, 387

Luned, maiden who guided Owain to the Lady of the Fountain

Lycahas, a turbulent sailor

Lycaon, son of Priam

Lycia, a district in Southern Asia Minor

Lycomodes, king of the Dolopians, who treacherously slew Theseus

Lycus, usurping King of Thebes

Lynceus, one of the sons of Ægyptus

M

Mabinogeon, plural of Mabinogi, fairy tales and romances of the Welsh

Mabon, son of Modron

Machaon, son of Aesculapius

Madan, son of Guendolen

Madoc, a forester of King Arthur

Mador, Scottish knight

Mælgan, king who imprisoned Elphin

Mæonia, ancient Lydia

Magi, Persian priests

Mahadeva, same as Siva

Mahomet, great prophet of Arabia, born in Mecca, 571 AD, proclaimed worship of God instead of idols, spread his religion through disciples and then by force till it prevailed, with Arabian dominion, over vast regions in Asia, Africa, and Spain in Europe

Maia, daughter of Atlas and Pleione, eldest and most beautiful of the Pleiades

Malagigi the Enchanter, one of Charlemagne's knights

Maleagans, false knight

Malvasius, King of Iceland

Mambrino, with invisible helmet

Manawyd Dan, brother of King Vran, of London

Mandricardo, son of Agrican

Mantua, in Italy, birthplace of Virgil

Manu, ancestor of mankind

Marathon, where Theseus and Pirithous met

Mark, King of Cornwall, husband of Isoude the Fair

Maro See Virgil

Marphisa, sister of Rogero

Marsilius, Spanish king, treacherous foe of Charlemagne

Marsyas, inventor of the flute, who challenged Apollo to musical competition, and, defeated, was flayed alive

Matsya, the Fish, first avatar of Vishnu

Meander, Grecian river

Mede, A, princess and sorceress who aided Jason

Medoro, a young Moor, who wins Angelica

Medusa, one of the Gorgons

Megæra, one of the Furies

Melampus, a Spartan dog, the first mortal endowed with prophetic powers

Melanthus, steersman for Bacchus

Meleager, one of the Argonauts (See Althaea)

Meliadus, King of Lionesse, near Cornwall

Melicertes, infant son of Ino. changed to Palaemon (See Ino, Leucothea, and Palasmon)

Melissa, priestess at Merlin's tomb

Melisseus, a Cretan king

Melpomene, one of the Muses

Memnon, the beautiful son of Tithonus and Eos (Aurora), and king of the Ethiopians, slain in Trojan War

Memphis, Egyptian city

Menelaus, son of King of Sparta, husband of Helen

Menoeceus, son of Creon, voluntary victim in war to gain success for his father

Mentor, son of Alcimus and a faithful friend of Ulysses

Mercury (See Hermes)

Merlin, enchanter

Merope, daughter of King of Chios, beloved by Orion

Mesmerism, likened to curative oracle of Æsculapius at Epidaurus

Metabus, father of Camilla

Metamorphoses, Ovid's poetical legends of mythical transformations, a large source of our knowledge of classic mythology

Metanira, a mother, kind to Ceres seeking Proserpine

Metempsychosis, transmigration of souls—rebirth of dying men and women in forms of animals or human beings

Metis, Prudence, a spouse of Jupiter

Mezentius, a brave but cruel soldier, opposing Aeneas in Italy

Midas

Midgard, the middle world of the Norsemen

Midgard Serpent, a sea monster, child of Loki

Milky Way, starred path across the sky, believed to be road to palace of the gods

Milo, a great athlete

Milon, father of Orlando

Milton, John, great English poet, whose History of England is here largely used

Mime, one of the chief dwarfs of ancient German mythology

Minerva (Athene), daughter of Jupiter, patroness of health, learning, and wisdom

Minos, King of Crete

Minotaur, monster killed by Theseus

Mistletoe, fatal to Baldur

Mnemosyne, one of the Muses

Modesty, statue to

Modred, nephew of King Arthur

Moly, plant, powerful against sorcery

Momus, a deity whose delight was to jeer bitterly at gods and men

Monad, the "unit" of Pythagoras

Monsters, unnatural beings, evilly disposed to men

Montalban, Rinaldo's castle

Month, the, attendant upon the Sun

Moon, goddess of, see Diana

MORAUNT, knight, an Irish champion

Morgana, enchantress, the Lady of the Lake in "Orlando Furioso," same as Morgane Le Fay in tales of Arthur

Morgane Le Fay, Queen of Norway, King Arthur's sister, an enchantress

Morgan Tud, Arthur's chief physician

Morpheus, son of Sleep and god of dreams

Morte d'Arthur, romance, by Sir Thomas Mallory

Mulciber, Latin name of Vulcan

Mull, Island of

Munin, one of Odin's two ravens

Musaeus, sacred poet, son of Orpheus

Muses, The, nine goddesses presiding over poetry, etc—Calliope, epic poetry, Clio, history, Erato, love poetry, Euterpe, lyric poetry; Melpomene, tragedy, Polyhymnia, oratory and sacred song Terpsichore, choral song and dance, Thalia, comedy and idyls, Urania, astronomy

Muspelheim, the fire world of the Norsemen

Mycenas, ancient Grecian city, of which Agamemnon was king

MYRDDIN (Merlin)

Myrmidons, bold soldiers of Achilles

Mysia, Greek district on northwest coast of Asia Minor

Mythology, origin of, collected myths, describing gods of early peoples

N

Naiads, water nymphs

Namo, Duke of Bavaria, one of Charlemagne's knights

Nanna, wife of Baldur

Nanters, British king

Nantes, site of Caradoc's castle

Nape, a dog of Diana

Narcissus, who died of unsatisfied love for his own image in the water

Nausicaa, daughter of King Alcinous, who befriended Ulysses

Nausithous, king of Phaeacians

Naxos, Island of

Negus, King of Abyssinia

NEMEA, forest devastated by a lion killed by Hercules

Nemean Games, held in honor of Jupiter and Hercules

Nemean Lion, killed by Hercules

Nemesis, goddess of vengeance

Nennius, British combatant of Caesar

Neoptolemus, son of Achilles

Nepenthe, ancient drug to cause forgetfulness of pain or distress

Nephele, mother of Phryxus and Helle

Nephthys, Egyptian goddess

Neptune, identical with Poseidon, god of the sea

Nereids, sea nymphs, daughters of Nereus and Doris

Nereus, a sea god

Nessus, a centaur killed by Hercules, whose jealous wife sent him a robe or shirt steeped in the blood of Nessus, which poisoned him

Nestor, king of Pylos, renowned for his wisdom, justice, and knowledge of war

Nibelungen Hoard, treasure seized by Siegfried from the Nibelungs, buried in the Rhine by Hagan after killing Siegfried, and lost when Hagan was killed by Kriemhild, theme of Wagner's four music dramas, "The Ring of the Nibelungen,"

Nibelungen Lied, German epic, giving the same nature myth as the Norse Volsunga Saga, concerning the Hoard

Nibelungen Ring, Wagner's music dramas

Nibelungs, the, a race of Northern dwarfs

Nidhogge, a serpent in the lower world that lives on the dead

Niffleheim, mist world of the Norsemen, the Hades of absent spirits

Nile, Egyptian river

Niobe, daughter of Tantalus, proud Queen of Thebes, whose seven sons and seven daughters were killed by Apollo and Diana, at which Amphion, her husband, killed himself, and Niobe wept until she was turned to stone

Nisus, King of Megara

Noah, as legendary ancestor of French, Roman, German, and British peoples

Noman, name assumed by Ulysses

Norns, the three Scandinavian Fates, Urdur (the past), Verdandi (the present), and Skuld (the future)

Nothung, magic sword

Notus, southwest wind

Nox, daughter of Chaos and sister of Erebus, personification of night

Numa, second king of Rome

Nymphs, beautiful maidens, lesser divinities of nature Dryads and Hamadryads, tree nymphs, Naiads, spring, brook, and river nymphs, Nereids, sea nymphs Oreads, mountain nymphs or hill nymphs

O

Oceanus, a Titan, ruling watery elements

Ocyroe, a prophetess, daughter of Chiron

Oderic

Odin, chief of the Norse gods

Odyar, famous Biscayan hero

Odysseus See Ulysses

Odyssey, Homer's poem, relating the wanderings of Odysseus (Ulysses) on returning from Trojan War

Œdipus, Theban hero, who guessed the riddle of the Sphinx (which See), becoming King of Thebes

Œneus, King of Calydon

Œnone, nymph, married by Paris in his youth, and abandoned for Helen

Œnopion, King of Chios

Œta, Mount, scene of Hercules' death

Ogier, the Dane, one of the paladins of Charlemagne

Oliver, companion of Orlando

Olwen, wife of Kilwich

Olympia, a small plain in Elis, where the Olympic games were celebrated

Olympiads, periods between Olympic games (four years)

Olympian Games, See Games

Olympus, dwelling place of the dynasty of gods of which Zeus was the head

Omphale, queen of Lydia, daughter of Iardanus and wife of Tmolus

Ophion, king of the Titans, who ruled Olympus till dethroned by the gods Saturn and Rhea

Ops See Rhea

Oracles, answers from the gods to questions from seekers for knowledge or advice for the future, usually in equivocal form, so as to fit any event, also places where such answers were given forth usually by a priest or priestess

Orc, a sea monster, foiled by Rogero when about to devour Angelica

Oreads, nymphs of mountains and hills

Orestes, son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, because of his crime in killing his mother, he was pursued by the Furies until purified by Minerva

Orion, youthful giant, loved by Diana, Constellation

Orithyia, a nymph, seized by Boreas

Orlando, a famous knight and nephew of Charlemagne

Ormuzd (Greek, Oromasdes), son of Supreme Being, source of good as his brother Ahriman (Arimanes) was of evil, in Persian or Zoroastrian religion

Orpheus, musician, son of Apollo and Calliope, See EURYDICE

Osiris, the most beneficent of the Egyptian gods

Ossa, mountain of Thessaly

Ossian, Celtic poet of the second or third century

Ovid, Latin poet (See Metamorphoses)

Owain, knight at King Arthur's court

Ozanna, a knight of Arthur

P

Pactolus, river whose sands were changed to gold by Midas

Pæon, a name for both Apollo and Aesculapius, gods of medicine,

Pagans, heathen

Paladins or peers, knights errant

Palæmon, son of Athamas and Ino

Palamedes, messenger sent to call Ulysses to the Trojan War

Palamedes, Saracen prince at Arthur's court

Palatine, one of Rome's Seven Hills

Pales, goddess presiding over cattle and pastures

Palinurus, faithful steersman of Aeeas

Palladium, properly any image of Pallas Athene, but specially applied to an image at Troy, which was stolen by Ulysses and Diomedes

Pallas, son of Evander

Pallas Athene (Minerva)

Pampha Gus, a dog of Diana

Pan, god of nature and the universe

Panathenæa, festival in honor of Pallas Athene (Minerva)

Pandean Pipes, musical instrument of reeds, made by Pan in memory of Syrinx

Pandora (all gifted), first woman, dowered with gifts by every god, yet entrusted with a box she was cautioned not to open, but, curious, she opened it, and out flew all the ills of humanity, leaving behind only Hope, which remained

Pandrasus, a king in Greece, who persecuted Trojan exiles under Brutus, great grandson of Aeneas, until they fought, captured him, and, with his daughter Imogen as Brutus' wife, emigrated to Albion (later called Britain)

Panope, plain of

Panthus, alleged earlier incarnation of Pythagoras

Paphlagnia, ancient country in Asia Minor, south of Black Sea

Paphos, daughter of Pygmalion and Galatea (both of which, See)

Parcæ See Fates

Pariahs, lowest caste of Hindus

Paris, son of Priam and Hecuba, who eloped with Helen (which. See)

Parnassian Laurel, wreath from Parnassus, crown awarded to successful poets

Parnassus, mountain near Delphi, sacred to Apollo and the Muses

Parsees, Persian fire worshippers (Zoroastrians), of whom there are still thousands in Persia and India

Parthenon, the temple of Athene Parthenos ("the Virgin") on the Acropolis of Athens

Passebreul, Tristram's horse

Patroclus, friend of Achilles, killed by Hector

Pecheur, King, uncle of Perceval

Peers, the

Pegasus, winged horse, born from the sea foam and the blood of Medusa

Peleus, king of the Myrmidons, father of Achilles by Thetis

Pelias, usurping uncle of Jason

Pelion, mountain

Pelleas, knight of Arthur

Penates, protective household deities of the Romans

Pendragon, King of Britain, elder brother of Uther Pendragon, who succeeded him

Penelope, wife of Ulysses, who, waiting twenty years for his return from the Trojan War, put off the suitors for her hand by promising to choose one when her weaving was done, but unravelled at night what she had woven by day

Peneus, river god, river

Penthesilea, queen of Amazons

Pentheus, king of Thebes, having resisted the introduction of the worship of Bacchus into his kingdom, was driven mad by the god

Penus, Roman house pantry, giving name to the Penates

Pepin, father of Charlemagne

Peplus, sacred robe of Minerva

Perceval, a great knight of Arthur

Perdix, inventor of saw and compasses

Periander, King of Corinuh, friend of Arion

Periphetes, son of Vulcan, killed by Theseus

Persephone, goddess of vegetation, 8 See Pioserpine

Perseus, son of Jupiter and Danae, slayer of the Gorgon Medusa, deliverer of Andromeda from a sea monster, 116 122, 124, 202

Phæacians, people who entertained Ulysses

Phædra, faithless and cruel wife of Theseus

Phæthusa, sister of Phaeton, 244

Phæton, son of Phoebus, who dared attempt to drive his father's sun chariot

Phantasos, a son of Somnus, bringing strange images to sleeping men

Phaon, beloved by Sappho

Phelot, knight of Wales

Pheredin, friend of Tristram, unhappy lover of Isoude

Phidias, famous Greek sculptor

Philemon, husband of Baucis

Philoctetes, warrior who lighted the fatal pyre of Hercules

Philoe, burial place of Osiris

Phineus, betrothed to Andromeda

Phlegethon, fiery river of Hades

Phocis

Phœbe, one of the sisters of Phaeton

Phœbus (Apollo), god of music, prophecy, and archery, the sun god

Phœnix, a messenger to Achilles, also, a miraculous bird dying in fire by its own act and springing up alive from its own ashes

Phorbas, a companion of Aeneas, whose form was assumed by Neptune in luring Palinuras the helmsman from his roost

Phryxus, brother of Helle

Pinabel, knight

Pillars of Hercules, two mountains—Calpe, now the Rock of Gibraltar, southwest corner of Spain in Europe, and Abyla, facing it in Africa across the strait

Pindar, famous Greek poet

Pindus, Grecian mountain

Pirene, celebrated fountain at Corinth

Pirithous, king of the Lapithae in Thessaly, and friend of Theseus, husband of Hippodamia

Pleasure, daughter of Cupid and Psyche

Pleiades, seven of Diana's nymphs, changed into stars, one being lost

Plenty, the Horn of

Plexippus, brother of Althea

Pliny, Roman naturalist

Pluto, the same as Hades, Dis, etc. god of the Infernal Regions

Plutus, god of wealth

PO, Italian river

Pole Star

Polites, youngest son of Priam of Troy

Pollux, Castor and (Dioscuri, the Twins) (See Castor)

Polydectes, king of Seriphus

Polydore, slain kinsman of Aeneas, whose blood nourished a bush that bled when broken

Polyhymnia, Muse of oratory and sacred song

Polyidus, soothsayer

Polynices, King of Thebes

Polyphemus, giant son of Neptune

Polyxena, daughter of King Priam of Troy

Pomona, goddess of fruit trees (See VERTUMNUS)

Porrex and Ferrex, sons of Leir, King of Britain

Portunus, Roman name for Palaemon

Poseidon (Neptune), ruler of the ocean

Precipice, threshold of Helas hall

Prester John, a rumored priest or presbyter, a Christian pontiff in Upper Asia, believed in but never found

Priam, king of Troy

Priwen, Arthur's shield

Procris, beloved but jealous wife of Cephalus

Procrustes, who seized travellers and bound them on his iron bed, stretching the short ones and cutting short the tall, thus also himself served by Theseus

Prœtus, jealous of Bellerophon

Prometheus, creator of man, who stole fire from heaven for man's use

Proserpine, the same as Persephone, goddess of all growing things, daughter of Ceres, carried off by Pluto

Protesilaus, slain by Hector the Trojan, allowed by the gods to return for three hours' talk with his widow Laodomia

Proteus, the old man of the sea

Prudence (Metis), spouse of Jupiter

Pryderi, son of Pwyll

Psyche, a beautiful maiden, personification of the human soul, sought by Cupid (Love), to whom she responded, lost him by curiosity to see him (as he came to her only by night), but finally through his prayers was made immortal and restored to him, a symbol of immortality

Puranas, Hindu Scriptures

Pwyll, Prince of Dyved

Pygmalion, sculptor in love with a statue he had made, brought to life by Venus, brother of Queen Dido

Pygmies, nation of dwarfs, at war with the Cranes

Pylades, son of Straphius, friend of Orestes

Pyramus, who loved Thisbe, next door neighbor, and, their parents opposing, they talked through cracks in the house wall, agreeing to meet in the near by woods, where Pyramus, finding a bloody veil and thinking Thisbe slain, killed himself, and she, seeing his body, killed herself (Burlesqued in Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's Dream")

Pyrrha, wife of Deucalion

Pyrrhus (Neoptolemus), son of Achilles

Pythagoras, Greek philosopher (540 BC), who thought numbers to be the essence and principle of all things, and taught transmigration of souls of the dead into new life as human or animal beings

Pythia, priestess of Apollo at Delphi

Pythian Games

Pythian Oracle

Python, serpent springing from Deluge slum, destroyed by Apollo

Q

Quirinus (from quiris, a lance or spear), a war god, said to be Romulus, founder of Rome

R

Rabican, noted horse

Ragnarok, the twilight (or ending) of the gods

Rajputs, minor Hindu caste

Regan, daughter of Leir

Regillus, lake in Latium, noted for battle fought near by between the Romans and the Latins

Reggio, family from which Rogero sprang

Remus, brother of Romulus, founder of Rome

Rhadamanthus, son of Jupiter and Europa after his death one of the judges in the lower world

Rhapsodist, professional reciter of poems among the Greeks

Rhea, female Titan, wife of Saturn (Cronos), mother of the chief gods, worshipped in Greece and Rome

Rhine, river

Rhine Maidens, or Daughters, three water nymphs, Flosshilda, Woglinda, and Wellgunda, set to guard the Nibelungen Hoard, buried in the Rhine

Rhodes, one of the seven cities claiming to be Homer's birthplace

Rhodope, mountain in Thrace

Rhongomyant, Arthur's lance

Rhœcus, a youth, beloved by a Dryad, but who brushed away a bee sent by her to call him to her, and she punished him with blindness

Rhiannon, wife of Pwyll

Rinaldo, one of the bravest knights of Charlemagne

River Ocean, flowing around the earth

Robert De Beauvais, Norman poet (1257)

Robin Hood, famous outlaw in English legend, about time of Richard Cœur de Lion

Rockingham, forest of

Rodomont, king of Algiers

Rogero, noted Saracen knight

Roland (Orlando), See Orlando

Romances

Romanus, legendary great grandson of Noah

Rome

Romulus, founder of Rome

RON, Arthur's lance

Ronces Valles, battle of

Round Table King Arthur's instituted by Merlin the Sage for Pendragon, Arthur's father, as a knightly order, continued and made famous by Arthur and his knights

Runic Characters, or runes, alphabetic signs used by early Teutonic peoples, written or graved on metal or stone

Rutulians, an ancient people in Italy, subdued at an early period by the Romans

Ryence, king in Ireland

S

Sabra, maiden for whom Severn River was named, daughter of Locrine and Estrildis thrown into river Severn by Locrine's wife, transformed to a river nymph, poetically named Sabrina

Sacripant, king of Circassia

Saffire, Sir, knight of Arthur

Sagas, Norse tales of heroism, composed by the Skalds

Sagramour, knight of Arthur

St. Michael's Mount, precipitous pointed rock hill on the coast of Brittany, opposite Cornwall

Sakyasinha, the Lion, epithet applied to Buddha

Salamander, a lizard like animal, fabled to be able to live in fire

Salamis, Grecian city

Salmoneus, son of Aeolus and Enarete and brother of Sisyphus

Salomon, king of Brittany, at Charlemagne's court

Samhin, or "fire of peace," a Druidical festival

Samian Sage (Pythagoras)

Samos, island in the Aegean Sea

Samothracian Gods, a group of agricultural divinities, worshipped in Samothrace

Samson, Hebrew hero, thought by some to be original of Hercules

San Greal (See Graal, the Holy)

Sappho, Greek poetess, who leaped into the sea from promontory of Leucadia in disappointed love for Phaon

Saracens, followers of Mahomet

Sarpedon, son of Jupiter and Europa, killed by Patroclus

Saturn (Cronos)

Saturnalia, a annual festival held by Romans in honor of Saturn

Saturnia, an ancient name of Italy

Satyrs, male divinities of the forest, half man, half goat

Scaliger, famous German scholar of 16th century

Scandinavia, mythology of, giving account of Northern gods, heroes, etc

Scheria, mythical island, abode of the Phaeacians

Schrimnir, the boar, cooked nightly for the heroes of Valhalla becoming whole every morning

Scio, one of the island cities claiming to be Homer's birthplace

Scopas, King of Thessaly

Scorpion, constellation

Scylla, sea nymph beloved by Glaucus, but changed by jealous Circe to a monster and finally to a dangerous rock on the Sicilian coast, facing the whirlpool Charybdis, many mariners being wrecked between the two, also, daughter of King Nisus of Megara, who loved Minos, besieging her father's city, but he disliked her disloyalty and drowned her, also, a fair virgin of Sicily, friend of sea nymph Galatea

Scyros, where Theseus was slain

Scythia, country lying north of Euxine Sea

Semele, daughter of Cadmus and, by Jupiter, mother of Bacchus

Semiramis, with Ninus the mythical founder of the Assyrian empire of Nineveh

Senapus, King of Abyssinia, who entertained Astolpho

Serapis, or Hermes, Egyptian divinity of Tartarus and of medicine

Serfs, slaves of the land

Seriphus, island in the Aegean Sea, one of the Cyclades

Serpent (Northern constellation)

Sestos, dwelling of Hero (which See also Leander)

"Seven against Thebes," famous Greek expedition

Severn River, in England

Sevinus, Duke of Guienne

Shalott, The Lady of

Shatriya, Hindu warrior caste

Sherasmin, French chevalier

Sibyl, prophetess of Cumae

Sichæus, husband of Dido

Seige Perilous, the chair of purity at Arthur's Round Table, fatal to any but him who was destined to achieve the quest of the Sangreal (See Galahad)

Siegfried, young King of the Netherlands, husband of Kriemhild, she boasted to Brunhild that Siegfried had aided Gunther to beat her in athletic contests, thus winning her as wife, and Brunhild, in anger, employed Hagan to murder Siegfried. As hero of Wagner's "Valkyrie," he wins the Nibelungen treasure ring, loves and deserts Brunhild, and is slain by Hagan

Sieglinda, wife of Hunding, mother of Siegfried by Siegmund

Siegmund, father of Siegfried

Sigtryg, Prince, betrothed of King Alef's daughter, aided by Hereward

Siguna, wife of Loki

Silenus, a Satyr, school master of Bacchus

Silures (South Wales)

Silvia, daughter of Latin shepherd

Silvius, grandson of Aeneas, accidentally killed in the chase by his son Brutus

Simonides, an early poet of Greece

Sinon, a Greek spy, who persuaded the Trojans to take the Wooden Horse into their city

Sirens, sea nymphs, whose singing charmed mariners to leap into the sea, passing their island, Ulysses stopped the ears of his sailors with wax, and had himself bound to the mast so that he could hear but not yield to their music

Sirius, the dog of Orion, changed to the Dog star

Sisyphus, condemned in Tartarus to perpetually roll up hill a big rock which, when the top was reached, rolled down again

Siva, the Destroyer, third person of the Hindu triad of gods

Skalds, Norse bards and poets

Skidbladnir, Freyr's ship

Skirnir, Frey's messenger, who won the god's magic sword by getting him Gerda for his wife

Skrymir, a giant, Utgard Loki in disguise, who fooled Thor in athletic feats

Skuld, the Norn of the Future

Sleep, twin brother of Death

Sleipnir, Odin's horse

Sobrino, councillor to Agramant

Somnus, child of Nox, twin brother of Mors, god of sleep

Sophocles, Greek tragic dramatist

South Wind See Notus

Sparta, capital of Lacedaemon

Sphinx, a monster, waylaying the road to Thebes and propounding riddles to all passers, on pain of death, for wrong guessing, who killed herself in rage when Aedipus guessed aright

Spring

Stonehenge, circle of huge upright stones, fabled to be sepulchre of Pendragon

Strophius, father of Pylades

Stygian Realm, Hades

Stygian SleeP, escaped from the beauty box sent from Hades to Venus by hand of Psyche, who curiously opened the box and was plunged into unconsciousness

Styx, river, bordering Hades, to be crossed by all the dead

Sudras, Hindu laboring caste

Surtur, leader of giants against the gods in the day of their destruction (Norse mythology)

Surya, Hindu god of the sun, corresponding to the Greek Helios

Sutri, Orlando's birthplace

Svadilfari, giant's horse

Swan, Leda and

Sybaris, Greek city in Southern Italy, famed for luxury

Sylvanus, Latin divinity identified with Pan

Symplegades, floating rocks passed by the Argonauts

Syrinx, nymph, pursued by Pan, but escaping by being changed to a bunch of reeds (See Pandean pipes)

T

Tacitus, Roman historian

Tænarus, Greek entrance to lower regions

Tagus, river in Spain and Portugal

Taliesin, Welsh bard

Tanais, ancient name of river Don

Tantalus, wicked king, punished in Hades by standing in water that retired when he would drink, under fruit trees that withdrew when he would eat

Tarchon, Etruscan chief

Tarentum, Italian city

Tarpeian Rock, in Rome, from which condemned criminals were hurled

Tarquins, a ruling family in early Roman legend

Tauris, Grecian city, site of temple of Diana (See Iphigenia)

Taurus, a mountain

Tartarus, place of confinement of Titans, etc, originally a black abyss below Hades later, represented as place where the wicked were punished, and sometimes the name used as synonymous with Hades

Teirtu, the harp of

Telamon, Greek hero and adventurer, father of Ajax

Telemachus, son of Ulysses and Penelope

Tellus, another name for Rhea

Tenedos, an island in Aegean Sea

Terminus, Roman divinity presiding over boundaries and frontiers

Terpsichore, Muse of dancing

Terra, goddess of the earth

Tethys, goddess of the sea

Teucer, ancient king of the Trojans

Thalia, one of the three Graces

Thamyris, Thracian bard, who challenged the Muses to competition in singing, and, defeated, was blinded

Thaukt, Loki disguised as a hag

Thebes, city founded by Cadmus and capital of Boeotia

Themis, female Titan, law counsellor of Jove

Theodora, sister of Prince Leo

Theron, one of Diana's dogs

Thersites, a brawler, killed by Achilles

Thescelus, foe of Perseus, turned to stone by sight of Gorgon's head

Theseum, Athenian temple in honor of Theseus

Theseus, son of Aegeus and Aethra, King of Athens, a great hero of many adventures

Thessaly

Thestius, father of Althea

Thetis, mother of Achilles

Thialfi, Thor's servant

Thisbe, Babylonian maiden beloved by Pyramus

Thor, the thunderer, of Norse mythology, most popular of the gods

Thrace

Thrinakia, island pasturing Hyperion's cattle, where Ulysses landed, but, his men killing some cattle for food, their ship was wrecked by lightning

Thrym, giant, who buried Thor's hammer

Thucydides, Greek historian

Tiber, river flowing through Rome

Tiber, Father, god of the river

Tigris, river

Tintadel, castle of, residence of King Mark of Cornwall

Tiresias, a Greek soothsayer

Tisiphone, one of the Furies

Titans, the sons and daughters of Uranus (Heaven) and Gaea (Earth), enemies of the gods and overcome by them

Tithonus, Trojan prince

Tityus, giant in Tartarus

Tmolus, a mountain god

Tortoise, second avatar of Vishnu

Tours, battle of (See Abdalrahman and Charles Martel)

Toxeus, brother of Melauger's mother, who snatched from Atalanta her hunting trophy, and was slain by Melauger, who had awarded it to her

Triad, the Hindu

Triads, Welsh poems

Trimurti, Hindu Triad

Triptolemus, son of Celeus , and who, made great by Ceres, founded her worship in Eleusis

Tristram, one of Arthur's knights, husband of Isoude of the White Hands, lover of Isoude the Fair,

Triton, a demi god of the sea, son of Poseidon (Neptune) and Amphitrite

Trœzen, Greek city of Argolis

Trojan War

Trojanova, New Troy, City founded in Britain (See Brutus, and Lud)

Trophonius, oracle of, in Boeotia

Troubadours, poets and minstrels of Provence, in Southern France

Trouvers, poets and minstrels of Northern France

Troy, city in Asia Minor, ruled by King Priam, whose son, Paris, stole away Helen, wife of Menelaus the Greek, resulting in the Trojan War and the destruction of Troy

Troy, fall of

Turnus, chief of the Rutulianes in Italy, unsuccessful rival of Æneas for Lavinia

Turpin, Archbishop of Rheims

Turquine, Sir, a great knight, foe of Arthur, slain by Sir Launcelot

Typhon, one of the giants who attacked the gods, were defeated, and imprisoned under Mt. Aetna

Tyr, Norse god of battles

Tyre, Phoenician city governed by Dido

Tyrians

Tyrrheus, herdsman of King Turnus in Italy, the slaying of whose daughter's stag aroused war upon Aeneas and his companions

U

Uberto, son of Galafron

Ulysses (Greek, Odysseus), hero of the Odyssey

Unicorn, fabled animal with a single horn

Urania, one of the Muses, a daughter of Zeus by Mnemosyne

Urdur, one of the Norns or Fates of Scandinavia, representing the Past

Usk, British river

Utgard, abode of the giant Utgard Loki

Utgard Loki, King of the Giants (See Skrymir)

Uther (Uther Pendragon), king of Britain and father of Arthur,

Uwaine, knight of Arthur's court

V

Vaissyas, Hindu caste of agriculturists and traders

Valhalla, hall of Odin, heavenly residence of slain heroes

Valkyrie, armed and mounted warlike virgins, daughters of the gods (Norse), Odin's messengers, who select slain heroes for Valhalla and serve them at their feasts

Ve, brother of Odin

Vedas, Hindu sacred Scriptures

Venedotia, ancient name for North Wales

Venus (Aphrodite), goddess of beauty

Venus De Medici, famous antique statue in Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy

Verdandi, the Present, one of the Norns

Vertumnus, god of the changing seasons, whose varied appearances won the love of Pomona

Vesta, daughter of Cronos and Rhea, goddess of the homefire, or hearth

Vestals, virgin priestesses in temple of Vesta

Vesuvius, Mount, volcano near Naples

Villains, peasants in the feudal scheme

Vigrid, final battle-field, with destruction of the gods ind their enemies, the sun, the earth, and time itself

Vili, brother of Odin and Ve

Virgil, celebrated Latin poet (See Aeneid)

Virgo, constellation of the Virgin, representing Astraea, goddess of innocence and purity

Vishnu, the Preserver, second of the three chief Hindu gods

Viviane, lady of magical powers, who allured the sage Merlin and imprisoned him in an enchanted wood

Volscens, Rutulian troop leader who killed Nisus and Euryalus

Volsung, A Saga, an Icelandic poem, giving about the same legends as the Nibelungen Lied

Vortigern, usurping King of Britain, defeated by Pendragon 390, 397

Vulcan (Greek, Haephestus), god of fire and metal working, with forges under Aetna, husband of Venus

Vyasa, Hindu sage

W

Wain, the, constellation

Wellgunda, one of the Rhine-daughters

Welsh Language

Western Ocean

Winds, The

Winter

Woden, chief god in the Norse mythology, Anglo Saxon for Odin

Woglinda, one of the Rhine-daughters

Woman, creation of

Wooden Horse, the, filled with armed men, but left outside of Troy as a pretended offering to Minerva when the Greeks feigned to sail away, accepted by the Trojans (See Sinon, and Laocoon), brought into the city, and at night emptied of the hidden Greek soldiers, who destroyed the town

Wood Nymphs

Wotan, Old High German form of Odin

X

Xanthus, river of Asia Minor

Y

Yama, Hindu god of the Infernal Regions

Year, The

Ygdrasil, great ash-tree, supposed by Norse mythology to support the universe

Ymir, giant, slain by Odin

Ynywl, Earl, host of Geraint, father of Enid

York, Britain

Yserone, niece of Arthur, mother of Caradoc

Yspadaden Penkawr, father of Olwen

Z

Zendavesta, Persian sacred Scriptures

Zephyrus, god of the South wind,

Zerbino, a knight, son of the king of Scotland

Zetes, winged warrior, companion of Theseus

Zethus, son of Jupiter and Antiope, brother of Amphion. See Dirce

Zeus, See Jupiter

Zoroaster, founder of the Persian religion, which was dominant in Western Asia from about 550 BC to about 650 AD, and is still held by many thousands in Persia and in India