The Choirmaster's Manual/Chapter 3

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The Choirmaster's Manual
by Harold Newton Clare

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3061133The Choirmaster's Manual — Chapter 3Harold Newton Clare

CHAPTER III

ON VOICE-PRODUCTION AND THE REGISTERS

Voice-production. In the difficult matter of reminding boys when to use head-notes, the method is adopted in this and in their own little handbook to be used in conjunction with this method, of using square notes where the head-notes must be employed.

$\relative c'' { \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f \override Score.Clef #'stencil = ##f \stopStaff \override NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed c2 c4 }$

Having obtained a fair increase in expansion, slow notes on "ah" should be taken, very softly. The student should try to imagine that breath is being inhaled, a sort of yawning feeling. This has the advantage of making the voice bright and clear by raising the soft palate, and also of saving the breath.

Exercise 1.

Work to between 20 and and 30 seconds.

$\relative f' { f1\p ~ f } \addlyrics { ah __ }$

As the breath leaves the body, care must be taken that the chest remains expanded, the waist-line alone shrinking by the use of the abdominal muscles, and the note should be finished with the mouth open and plenty of reserve breath.

Registers. On the subject of registers much has been written. The best results have been gained by "anticipating" the head-register in ascending, and bringing the head-register down in descending scales. This is the "golden rule" of singing; in many books the first half is taught. "Never allow the lower register to be forced up."

It may be taken as a safe rule never to allow the use of "chest"-tones by the boys. These notes are naturally those below E.

$\relative e' { \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f e1 }$

Out of a mass of evidence, it is also safe to commence the head-voice on D:

$\relative d'' { \override Score.TimeSignature #'stencil = ##f d1 }$

a convenient letter, easily remembered by boys as standing for "danger." It is the lively "anticipation" of the head-tones that insures good tone always.

Exercise 2.

The best vowel for head-tones is "oo." Take F on the fifth line, softly and clearly, then sing descending scale without altering the feeling in head or throat.

$\relative f'' { \key f \major \override NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed f1\fermata ~ | f4 e d_( \revert NoteHead.style c | bes^\> a g f\!)\fermata | \override NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed fis'1\fermata ~ | fis4 eis_( dis \revert NoteHead.style cis^\> | b ais gis\!)^\fermata fis | \override NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed g'1 ~ | g4 fis^\>_( e d | \revert NoteHead.style c\! b a) g\fermata } \addlyrics { oo __ _ _ oo __ _ _ oo __ _ _ }$

and upward.

Practise diligently, taking a semitone higher each time. It is impossible to sing "oo" as an upper medium note on F or F♯ in most cases. If a clear head-tone is not obtained by all boys, it aids the effort to place the right foot slightly forward, resting the weight of the body on it, at the same time lowering the head a little, and thinking of the top of the head. With the writer, this has proved efficacious in all cases.

Having obtained clear head-notes on A♯, B, or C, or as high as you wish to train the boys, care must be taken that the "oo" vowel-tone does not become habitual with all head-notes. To avoid this use the following:

Exercise 3.

$\new Staff << \new Voice = "notes" \relative f'' { \override NoteHead.style = #'harmonic-mixed f2 ~ f ~ f1 \bar "." fis2 fis fis1 \bar "." g2 g2 g1 \bar ".." } \new Voice = "space" { s2 s2^\> s2. s4\! | s2 s^\> s2. s4\! | s2 s2^\> s2. s4\! } \new Lyrics \lyricmode { oo2 oh ah1 oo2 oh ah1 oo2 oh ah1 } >>$

and upward.

In singing this, take care that the tones on "oh" and "ah" are not louder than on "oo." These three vowel-sounds must be gradually merged into one another, "oh" being felt in the same position as "oo." This exercise gives a boy a real feeling of breath-control, especially on the lower notes, as "ah" produces a much louder tone than "oo" if left to itself.

To get rid of breathy sounds, practise Exercise 4.

Exercise 4.

$\relative a' { \override TupletBracket.bracket-visibility = ##f \tuplet 3/2 4 { a8 a a r a a \override TupletNumber #'stencil = ##f r a a r a a | b b b r b b r b b r b b } } \addlyrics { uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh uh }$

(Do not sing these notes staccato, but as short as possible. Feel tones are made by a sort of "click" at the vocal cords, not by action of ribs. Do not allow the ribs to move until after the tone is made.)

Resonance. The registers of a voice are divided according to the feeling produced in the singer. The "lower medium" notes sound as if produced in the back of the mouth; the "upper medium," in the front of the mouth above the front teeth; the "head" tones are felt in the highest part of the back of the head.

The mouth is the chief resonance-chamber, and the wider it is open the greater the resounding space and the louder the voice; the pharynx and head-cavities all act as resonators, reinforcing the tones by the addition of overtones. "Ah" is the best vowel-sound for producing resonance.