The Chronicles of Early Melbourne/Volume 2/Chapter 64
CHAPTER LXIV.
THE STORY OF SEPARATION, AB OVO USQUE AD MALUM.
SYNOPSIS:— First Petition to the Imperial Parliament. —Death of Mr. H. F. Gisborne. —Appointment of Committees. —Further Petitions and Addresses. —Mr. A. Cunninghame, the First Home Delegate. —Proposed Scheme of Separation —Rejoicings. —Passing of the Separation Bill. —Receipt of News in Melbourne. —Mr. Latrobe Appointed First Lieutenant-Governor. —The Public Announcement. —The General Illuminations. —Day of Prayer and Play. —The Separation Procession. —Opening of Prince's Bridge. —The Printers Excursion to Geelong. —The Separation Fancy Dress Ball.
OF all the historiettes of which these Chronicles are comprised, not the least interesting, though certainly the most important, is that in which will be described the persistent and anxiously-agitated struggle for the territorial severance of Port Phillip from New South Wales, and its provincial transformation into the independent colony of Victoria. To the end of 1839 the Port Phillipians bore, almost without a murmur, the supercilious contempt of the Sydney Executive, by which their province was nearly as much ignored as if it had no existence on the map of Australia; but, by the beginning of 1840, the population had been strengthened by a stream of emigration from Great Britain and other places, which included several colonists who afterwards made their mark in the history of their adopted country, and worked for her prosperity with unquestionable ability and patriotism.
The First Separation Meeting was held at the Scots' School, on the Eastern, or Church Hill as then called, on the 13th May, 1840, with Major Mercer presiding. The speakers were Messrs. H. F. Gisborne, A. M. M'Crae, C. H. Ebden, James Montgomery, Arthur Kemmis, Arthur Hogue, J. L. Campbell, P. W. Welsh, A. Bolden, Redmond Barry, J. C. Riddell, W. Verner, T. Arnold, W. Meek, W. Ryrie, R. H. Browne, Dr. M'Crae, and Dr. Greeves.
First Petition to the IMperial Parliament.
This document, prepared by Mr. H. F. Gisborne, states thus:—
"Your Petitioners beg to call the attention of your Honourable House to the present advanced and rapidly advancing state of the District and Capital of Australia Felix, and to point out what must be its future position among the Australian Colonies. It is entirely undeniable that Melbourne possesses natural advantages far superior to any other seaport in Van Diemen's Land or New South Wales. She has as fine a harbour and as healthy a situation, with a more genial climate, and a greater average of more productive soil in her immediate vicinity. For proofs of this last assertion we have only to refer your Honourable House to the Returns of the Sales of Waste Lands effected since the official occupation of Port Phillip on the 1st of June, 1837, amounting in all to £280,000, being a greater amount than was obtained from the sale of Waste Lands in the entire territory of New South Wales (exclusive of Australia Felix} during the five years 1832-3-4-5-6, immediately following Lord Ripon's Order-in-Council restricting thenceforth the disposal of such lands to sale by public auction. Thus it appears that the funds hitherto derived from this source if applied to emigration, would introduce into this colony 7000 adult couples, while it has been employed in supplying deficiencies in the revenues of the Sydney Government. But your Petitioners have further to remark that weighty as are now the claims of this district on the ground of wealth and population, still they probably will have increased at least two-fold before an answer can be received to the Prayer of this Petition. From the central situation of Melbourne, as well as from the richness of the lands of Australia Felix, the extraordinary influx of stock and population must soon render it one of, if not quite, the most populous of provinces in this Hemisphere. More particularly as it appears to be one of the few places in New South Wales where the soil will bear a concentrated population, while on the other hand a boundless extent of territory is ever opening its fresh fields of labour for the hand of man. "Confident in the force of the foregoing reasoning, your Petitioners submit that the only remedies for the grievances complained of consist in an entire separation of this Province from the territory of New South Wales, and the grant of a free Representative Government of its own. Your Petitioners therefore humbly trust that your Honourable House will use your constitutional influence in obtaining for them—1st:—A responsible Government, entirely Separate from, and independent of, New South Wales. 2nd:—A free and extended Legislative Representation, corresponding with the extent and population of the district, and equal to the exigencies of a Free State."
The Petition was in due course forwarded to its destination, and its author left the colony; but, though it made a safe journey, he died at sea, cut off in full promise, at the early age of 26.
"Separation Association.
(Established 1840).
"If we help ourselves, God will help us; but if we sit down and cross our arms sullenly and do nothing, it will be said that we are unworthy of receiving greater privileges. It will be said, 'Show yourselves worthy of having greater privileges; show yourselves faithful in small things, and greater will be given to you.'"—(Speech of his Excellency Sir George Gipps, in Council, 4th June, 1840.)
COMMITTEES APPOINTED.—(1). To obtain signatures to the Petition, and to solicit subscriptions in aid of the objects set forth, viz., Jonathan Binns Were, Andrew Muirson M'Rac, and Redmond Barry, Esqs. (2). London Committee to promote the views of the Petitioners with Her Majesty's Ministers, the Imperial Parliament, and the British public:—Messrs. J. S. Brownrigg, M.P., R. H. Browne, ——— Donaldson, Henry Fysche Gisborne, A. A. Gower, ——— Little, William and Thomas Walker, Robert Brooks, J. B. Montefiore, David Dunbar, W. H. Yaldwyn, Henry Buckle, Arthur Willis, John Hylder Wedge, Sir John Rae Reid, Major Mercer and Captain Bannister. (3). Permanent Colonial Committee to communicate with the Committee in England, and to keep the inhabitants of Australia Felix advised of its proceedings:—Rev. James Clow, Messrs. C. H. Ebden, A. F. Mollison, W. Verner, J. B. Werc, A. M. M'Crae, and W. Kerr.
Parliamentary Agent.—John Richardson, Esq., Fludyer Street, Westminster.
Secretary.—Mr. William Kerr.
Little, however, was effected for the next four years, except that the continued injustice suffered under the Goverment of New South Wales pressed as an incubus, of which everyone was tired and were longing to shake off. In 1844 the abortive system of District Councils had been established, and the enormous powers of taxation with which such bodies were by law invested, so alarmed the property owners in and about Melbourne that on the 22nd of March an important meeting was held at the Royal Hotel, "to take the necessary steps to avoid the excessive taxation likely to be imposed on the settlers of the County of Bourke by the District Council." Several smart and pointed addresses were delivered, but the speech of the day was that of Mr. A. Cunninghame, Barrister, who treated the major question with force and eloquence. He declared "that it was more than time that this fair province should have a Government and Governor of its own, with a Legislature empowered to frame laws suited to the circumstances of a free colony adapted to the exigencies of her own position, aiding in the development of her vast resources, and in spreading population over these fertile plains, which have given to this portion of Australia the envied appellation of Felix.' Till separation be obtained we can, at best, but float like a dismasted and deserted hulk on the surface of the water, without captain to direct, without sails to impel, without helmsman to guide us, floating, more or less easily, as the waters may be smooth or troubled, but, in either case, alike aimless and objectless. Separation will be to us at once, captain and helmsman, wind and sail." A memorial was adopted to the District Council, deprecating any taxation of the kind anticipated; and also a resolution affirming "That total Separation from the Middle District is an indispensable pre-requisite to the just or beneficial working of any scheme of taxation, which has for its object the improvement of this district." On the 16th April the occurrence of a District Legislative Nomination was fixed for the holding of an important meeting to advance the Separation Cause. The Chair was taken by the Mayor (Mr. Henry Condell), and a remarkably able and convincing Report was submitted-the production of Mr. Edward Curr, a writer and speaker of much power. His manifesto was a lucid and vigorous exposé of the question, thoroughly embodying the platform of the Separationists. Several effective speeches were delivered, but pre-eminently the best were those of E. Curr and J. F. Palmer. A resolution was also affirmed, inaugurating a Society for attaining the Financial, Political, and Territorial Separation of Port Phillip from the Middle and Northern Districts of New South Wales. A code of rules was agreed to, and a Committee of Management appointed. This "Separation Committee," as it was termed, worked indefatigably, though the working man was in reality Mr. Curr. At this crisis, too, Geelong and Portland—the only two towns of importance outside Melbourne—bestirred themselves, and public meetings were held there.
The question of Separation was taken into the Legislative Council of New South Wales and warmly advocated by the Port Phillip Representatives, especially by the Rev. Dr. Lang, who moved—"That a humble Address be presented to Her Majesty the Queen, praying that Her Majesty will graciously be pleased to direct that the requisite steps be taken for the speedy and entire Separation of the District of Port Phillip from the Territory of New South Wales, and its erection into a separate colony." On a division the proposal was negatived by 19 votes against 6, the Port Phillip members solely constituting the "ayes." Lang, however, was not a man easily to be put down, and the next move was that in January, 1845, on his suggestion, the half-dozen minority subscribed a special Petition from themselves, which the Governor forwarded through the customary official channel.
The First Home Delegate.
The most successful public meeting yet mooted was convened on requisition to the Mayor (Dr. Palmer), and held at the Royal Hotel on the 28th November, 1844:—"To petition Parliament against pledging the Crown Lands of the district jointly with those of the Sydney district in security for a loan for immigration purposes; and to consider the propriety of appointing an agent to proceed to England to oppose the project and to advance generally the Cause of Separation." The speakers were the Chairman (the Mayor), Messrs. Edward Curr, J. L. Foster, William Stawell, E. J. Brewster, Thomas Wills, J. A. Marsden, W. M. Bell, William Kerr, J. P. Fawkner, Neil Black, and Dr. P. M'Arthur. The principal resolution was one nominating Archibald Cunninghame, Esq., a Delegate to represent the interests of the people of the province in London. Messrs. Edward Curr, Thomas Wills, and William Westgarth were charged with the duty of instructing the Delegate, and to be the authorized instrument of inter-communication with him in London. It was estimated that 1000 would be a sufficient sum to raise by subscription. The Delegate was to be paid £400 per annum for two years, the remaining 200 to be applied to contingent expenses.
Prior to the departure of the Delegate (5th January, 1846), he was entertained at a public breakfast in the Royal Hotel, with Mr. E. Curr in the Chair. On the termination of the matinée, Mr. Cunninghame was escorted to the wharf, thence to the steamer "Vesta," by which he travelled to Geelong, whence he sailed for England.
Mr. Cunninghame was not an unqualified success. Though presenting himself as a Colonial emissary in England, he was veritably an agent of the "squattocracy," of which he was one. On the Transportation question he lent himself to promote the interests of the few against the many. He concurred with the Home Government in the attempt to foist a semi-diluted felony upon the district, in the form of conditionally pardoned convicts from the penal depôts in England. In every sense he was a "squatters' advocate" in very thin disguise, and tried to use his position whenever he got a chance to advance the special views of a party, rather than the wishes of the country. His mode for constructing an Electoral Chamber was to divide Port Phillip into four electoral districts, returning 24 members, to which were to be added 12 Crown Nominees, or a Legislature of 36. He proposed to grant the franchise to every Crown tenant paying £10 a year as rent or license fee, but a tenant on purchased land, was not to have a vote unless for a seven years' holding, and the annual rental not under £40. The Delegate was openly denounced as a traitor, "sacrificing the whole agricultural, commercial and trading interests of the colony to those of the squatters." He was brought to book at a public meeting on the 21st September, when his official misbehaviour was condemned by Messrs. John Duerdin, David Ogilvie, Thomas M'Combie, John O'Shannassy, and Joseph Hall. He was championed by Messrs. Edward Curr and Colin Campbell. Resolutions were passed, amounting in effect to a vote of censure disapproving the action of the delegate as unauthorized, and tending to injure the best interests of the province. Mr. Cunninghame never returned to the colony, and soon faded out of the public mind as if he had never been in it.
In the course of the year, 1846, Dr. Palmer as Mayor, prepared a remarkably able Paper, but he seems to have written too plainly; for the Governor (Sir G. Gipps) fancied some of its expressions to reflect personally on himself, and returned it through the Superintendent with this curt cutting memo "His Excellency has yet to learn that because a gentleman had by fortuitous circumstances been made Mayor of Melbourne for one year, he was to insult the person of the Queen's Representative." But even if the Mayor transgressed the limit of strict official courtesy, the provocation to speak out was so strong that the sympathies of the public went most unquestionably with the writer, whose "rejected address" was transmitted to the Secretary of State.
In 1848, it was ascertained that the separation of Port Phillip was seriously contemplated by the Home Government, but the precise form in which the constitutional changes was to be effected was not acceptable. Delay was interposed, and even in 1849, after the Separation Bill had been introduced in the House of Commons, it was withdrawn, whereupon an indignation meeting was held in the Mechanics' Institute on the 26th November, the Mayor (Dr. Greeves) in the Chair. Resolutions of an uncompromising character were passed, unmincing in language, declaring that though intensely loyal, it was not possible to brook further delay, and adopting Petitions to the Queen and the Imperial Parliament. The speakers were Messrs. J. L. Foster, Henry Moor, William Hull, Thos. M'Combie, J. P. Fawkner, C. H. Ebden, George Annand, William Kerr, John Stephen, David Young and Captain Cole.
At a meeting held on the 18th September, 1850, the following scheme of rejoicings was adopted:—Immediately on the receipt of the intelligence of the passing of the Separation Act (the Mayor deciding as to the authenticity of the information), the Union Jack to be hoisted at the Signal Station in Melbourne, and a Royal Salute fired, the same to be responded to by the shipping in the harbour. On the evening of the same day beacon fires to be kindled on hill-tops around Melbourne and throughout the interior. The first fire to be lighted on the Flagstaff Hill, at sunset, in the presence of His Worship the Mayor, and to be followed by the discharge of six rockets, with an interval of five minutes, which will be a signal for the lighting of all the other beacons, so as if possible to spread the joyful intelligence simultaneously over the entire district. The fourth day after the arrival of the news, exclusive of either Saturday or Sunday, to be proclaimed as a general holiday and occasion of public rejoicing, the ceremonies to commence by the inhabitants assembling at their respective places of worship for the purpose of thanksgiving, at nine o'clock in the morning. At eleven o'clock a procession to be formed on the vacant ground in front of the Government offices, of the constituted authorities, Associated Bodies, Public Schools, etc., for the purpose of opening the Prince's Bridge. At twelve o'clock, gymnastic games and sports to commence at the Cricket Ground, between the Yarra and the Beach, refreshments being at the same time furnished to the children on the hill above the Botanic Garden. In the evening a general illumination to take place with display of fireworks. On the same day of the week next succeeding the general holiday, a public dinner to be held, the terms of admission being such as will ensure the attendance of the bulk of the inhabitants. The rejoicings to terminate with a fancy-dress ball.
In this promising state of affairs an injudicious diversion was got up by several individual outsiders, who never before troubled themselves with the business of the public, but now affected dissatisfaction with the action of those who had fought and hitherto borne the brunt of the battle. Under the pretence of supplementing the rejoicings programme, a gathering of some hundreds was held on the 26th at the Temperance Hall. It was a kind of water-spout, an ebullition of frothy irrelevance. A band was in attendance, and the Chair was captained by Mr. John Tankard, who unbottled himself of a deliverance the reverse of cold water, of which he was a professed disciple. The evening was spent in loud ranting about the Politics of the Masses, Vote by Ballot, Universal Suffrage, and a resolve to erect a People's Hall, which a Mr. Robert R. Rogers, a noisy architect, who came armed with plans and specifications, demonstrated to a mathematical certainty could be built for—the hall, £1500, and inside fittings £800. This "buncomb" ended where it began.
The Argus was the first to suggest a suspension of newspaper publication to enable the Press employés to enjoy the general carnival, and proposed that there should be no newspaper issue for one day. The Herald concurred, but thought it preferrable that the three Melbourne dailies should each publish twice only during the week, as one day's holiday would not be sufficient.
With opinion thus divided, the printers themselves, the persons most interested, took the thing in hand, and soon settled it. They held a meeting at Clark's Waterman's Arms, in Little Collins Street, and resolved that they should have not only three days but three nights as well, and if the dailies could come out without the "typos," well and good.
Advent of the News.
It is a singular fact that I, who, after the flight of so many years, am amusing myself in writing these sketches, was virtually the first person to promulgate to the people of Victoria an authentic announcement of the long-fought for and ardently desired emancipation of their province from the political thraldom of New South Wales, and it happened thus simply enough. I was then an attaché of the Melbourne Morning Herald, and early on an afternoon the shipping reporter arrived from the Bay, and handed me some South Australian newspapers, which he had obtained on board the "Lysander," ship, Captain Lulham, just arrived from Adelaide. Looking through them, I found a summary of English news to the 4th August, brought to Adelaide by the "Delta" from London, and amongst which was an intimation that the Separation Bill had passed both Houses of Parliament, and only required the Royal Assent to become law. Having a good deal of my own way in the establishment, I said nothing to anybody, and as the editor (Mr. George Cavenagh) was not immediately accessible, I assumed the responsibility of issuing an "Extraordinary," prepared the matter, and placed it in the hands of the printers. I next hunted up Cavenagh, and gave him a memo. of the intelligence, armed with which he set forth in quest of the Mayor, whom he soon found. Cavenagh generally used a buggy, and this machine was well plied for the remainder of the day, driving up and down the streets, pulling up before the residence or business place of any notability, and so circulating the tidings in the following form:—
"The Melbourne Morning Herald Extraordinary.' Monday evening, Nov. 11, 1850. Glorious News! Separation at Last!! We lose not a single moment in communicating to the public the soul-stirring intelligence that Separation has come at last!!! The Australian Colonies' Bill, with the amendments made in the Lords on the 5th July, was agreed to in the Commons on the 1st August, and only awaits the Queen's signature to become the law of the land. The long oppressed, long-buffetted Port Phillip is at length an Independent Colony, gifted with the Royal name of Victoria, and endowed with a flourishing revenue and almost inexhaustible resources; let all classes of colonists then not lose a moment in their hour of triumph in celebrating the important epoch in a suitable manner, and observing one General Jubilee. The 'Public Rejoicings' Committee lately nominated by the citizens of Melbourne will assemble without delay; let one and all co-operate with them heart and hand in giving due effect to the enthusiastic ovations of our New-born Colony! It is an era in the existence of our adopted land which can never again occur; and the glorious opportunity once past will be irrevocable. Colonists, 'Now is the day and now is the hour!' For this act of justice to Port Phillip, and every other good gift, may God bless the Queen."
The intelligence was by this time placed beyond doubt through the receipt by the Superintendent of a letter by the mail, confirming the newspaper announcement, and intimating that Mr. Latrobe was to be the first Lieutenant-Governor. The Royal Assent to the Separation Bill was deemed a matter of form, and it was afterwards ascertained that this final ceremony was performed on the 5th September, A brief conference ensued between the Superintendent and the Mayor, and the former promised to forthwith authorize any arrangements necessary on behalf of the Government to give effect to the proposed public rejoicings.
The Public Announcement.
At noon of the 12th November, between 200 and 300 persons assembled on the Flagstaff Hill. The Flagstaff itself was dressed in its gayest array, and every scrap of colour that could be got in the signalling establishment found a hanging-place somewhere. A Royal Salute was fired, some shipping in the Bay and two pieces of ordnance at Brighton replying. After the twenty-first round from the Hill battery, three ringing cheers were given for the Queen, as an expression of gratitude for the granting of the so long-expected boou. Balloons were next brought on the ground, and the special object in despatching them was that as they proceeded on their aërial trip they would drop throughout the interior a number of small scrolls or slips attached to them. The slips were of thin paper, with this imprint:—
"Separation.
"Intelligence of the passing of the Australian Colonies Bill arrived in Melbourne last night, 11th November, 1850, by the ship Lysander.' G. A. Lulham, Esq., commmander, from Adelaide.
"Any person finding this paper is requested to diffuse the information as extensively as possible; and to communicate with the Mayor of Melbourne, stating the time and place where it was found.
(Signed), W. Nicholson, Mayor. Melbourne, 12th November, 1850."
Æronautics as a science must have been imperfectly understood, though in ballooning, as a rule, some hitch almost always occurs, and this occasion formed no exception, for whilst preparing No. 1, it received a rent in its side; but the wound was sewed up, the machine ascended slowly, sailed away towards the Sydney Road, and alighted half-a-dozen miles from town, where it was picked up some days after. No. 2 burst whilst being inflated, and there was no more of it.
The following is the amended and final programme of Separation festivities:—
A general illumination, commencing at 8 o'clock on Wednesday evening.
Friday and Saturday to be observed as public general holidays.
On Thursday, at noon, the inhabitants to assemble in their respective places of worship for the purpose of thanksgiving.
On Friday, at noon, the procession to be formed in front of the Government offices in Lonsdale Street, for the purpose of opening the Prince's Bridge.
On Saturday, at 11 o'clock, the Gymnastic sports and games to take place at the Emerald Hill, near the Cricket Ground, South Melbourne.
The printers made special arrangements for themselves, viz., the newspapers were to suspend publication from Thursday until Tuesday, i.e., no issue on Friday, the 15th, Saturday 16th, and Monday, 18th.
The General Illuminations
Came off on the evening of Wednesday, 13th November, and at about 8 o'clock the principal streets were ablaze. The illumination was general, a solitary unlighted house here and there only serving to point the contrast between light and darkness. How it was contrived to produce from oil and tallow (there was then no gas) the brilliant effects that followed was difficult to understand, and spoke in praise of the skill and dexterity so suddenly called into action. Some of the shop-window transparencies were very picturesque and striking. I append a brief notice of the most prominent.
Collins Street.—Mr. John Hood, chemist—a comic representation of the "Present, Past, and Future." Mr. W. C. Wentworth—"Sydney relieving Young Victoria of £300,000;" "Victoria in manhood, pocketing £60,000," nearly lost; and "Victoria in the prime of life, listening to the petition of her former oppressor, Sydney." Mr. Wm. Clarke, stationer—"Queen Victoria, giving liberty to Victoria," with inscriptions "Libertas," "Victoria is free." Mr. Germain Nicholson, grocer—"Welcome Separation." and "Advance Australia" in coloured letters." Mr. Jacobs, "V.R.," with Royal Arms in centre—"Port Phillip separated from Sydney," and "Advance Victoria," with "Peace and Plenty" underneath. Mr. William Nicholson, grocer and Mayor—"Britons rejoice," in coloured letters. At what was known as Cashmore's corner, north-east junction of Collins and Elizabeth Streets, a balloon was set in the shop window, and scated in the car were the distinguished Sydney politicians, Wentworth and Windeyer. The latter held a large knife in his hand, and with a despairing glance at his compatriot, exclaimed, "No use, Bill, can't hold on any longer, I shall have to cut her adrift." A second exhibit was formed by "V.R." in monster capitals, with a crown in centre.
The Melbourne Club—Three transparencies: "the Crown" and "Victoria and Separation" in central window, and in side windows the "Rose, Shamrock, and Thistle ;" "God save our Queen," "V.R.," and sundry devices. At Bell's auction rooms—A full-length figure of the Queen, and in another window "The Victorian and Tasmanian Society, formed 12th July, 1850." The Prince Albert Inn—"Hail! Victoria Free" in colours. The Mechanics' Institute—On window to right, "Spartacus, the Thracian, breaking from his chains." In the centre "An angel regarding a medallion of the Queen," with a scroll, "Loyal, Separate, and Free" inscribed, and to the left a youthful Hercules strangling a serpent, on which is written "Transportation." Mr. Gregory, ironmonger—A large outside transparency symbolising "Commerce" between figures of "Britannia and Victoria," surmounted by the scroll, Britannia, Commerce, and Victoria." Mr. J. Ham, engraver.—In centre the arms of the colony, with figure of "Britannia."
Mr. Richardson, ironmonger—"V.R.," with a crown in the centre, and other devices.
Mr. E. I. Hart, "V.R.," tastefully framed of sprigs of artificial flowers, and handsomely illuminated.
Messrs. S. and R. Gregory, ironmongers—A transparency—"Britannia, Commerce, and Liberty."
Messrs. Donaldson and Budge, drapers—Two very beautifully executed transparencies.
Mr. J. Wilkie, Music Saloon—An emblematic transparency, "Rejoice with music for Separation."
Mr. Charles Williamson, draper—A profile of Her Majesty the Queen, a representation of "Commerce and Agriculture;" the Arms of "St. Andrew."
Mr. Webster, tobacconist—The late Alderman Kerr, with a copy of the Argus newspaper in his hand, saying, "We won't be put down."
Elizabeth Street.—Halfpenny's William Tell Inn—"V.R.," with a crown in centre.
Mr. John O'Shanassy, draper—Wreaths and bouquets of flowers," brilliantly illuminated.
Mr. John Ewers, confectioner—Transparencies "St. George and the Dragon" the "Queen displaying the Separation Bill," signed "Victoria."
The Bush In—Three handsome transparencies, illustrative of the "Separation from Sydney."
Mr. Dickinson, book-binder—Two balloons in ascent, the Victorian distancing the Sydney one, and inscribed, "The Effects of Separation." Mr. B. Davis, Britannia, and a ship bearing the news of Separation—"Welcome, Victoria."
Mr. Spence, draper—two transparencies (1) "V.R.," with crown in centre, a distant sea view with ship bringing the news of Separation; (2) a "kangaroo," with the words "Separation" and "Advance Victoria." This display was much admired.
Swanston Street—Messrs. M'Kinnon and Cree, a large coloured illumination of scroll "It is good to be free."
The Rainbow Hotel—A large crown with V.R." Mr. Grasshoff (Daguerreotype Depôt)—some small though superiorly executed transparencies were exhibited in the windows.
Overton's confectionery mart—V.R.," with crown in centre, in gas lights, throwing out a brilliant flame and having a beautiful effect.
Baker's Church of England Book Depôt—"The Bible, crown and mitre," inscribed, "Righteousness Exalteth a Nation."
Bourke Street—The Bull and Mouth Hotel—A tastefully executed crown in the centre window, surrounded by wreaths and bouquets of flowers, handsomely lit. The Britannia Inn—Transparency, a vessel bringing the "welcome news."
Mr. Montgomery—Transparency, "Loyal and Free."
Mr. Ferguson, draper—A large and handsome comic transparency, representing the riches of the province which have been squandered by Sydney, and which will be saved by Separation.
The Old White Hart Inn, corner of Bourke and Spring Streets, a handsome full-length figure of "Her Majesty on the Throne, signing the Separation Bill."
Messrs. Heales and Carter (coach factory), Lonsdale Street, had every window in their establishment lit up, and each showing the Arms of the colony, and such mottoes as these:—"Be Just and Fear Not," "Advance Victoria," Prosperity to the City and Trade of Melbourne," "Sons of Freedom, Rejoice," "Our Bonds are Broken," "Justice has Prevailed."
A window in the residence of Mr. Basford, Queen Street, exhibited a well-done caricature of Victoria and New South Wales. Sydney is enquiring after the health of the child Victoria, and is answered rather sarcastically, "Very well thank you; ain't he growing?"
Alderman Dr. Greeves, of Little Collins Street, displayed two splendid representations, the "Royal Arms" and a device illustrating the Separation of the colony.
A wreath of evergreens, with garlands of flowers, was thrown from the chimney of the Hand-in-Hand Inn, across Little Collins Street, and had a very pretty effect.
Mr. John Bear's house at Collingwood (now Victoria Parade near Nicholson Street) was a complete blaze of light.
Never before or since has there been a night of such revel in Melbourne, considering population and circumstances. From an early hour the streets began to fill, and it would seem as if the whole Province had poured in its residents to the town. About ten o'clock it appeared as if Elizabeth and Collins Streets (Bourke Street was not of much account) were rushed by a roaring, turbulent madding multitude, who tore along up and down, yelling, cheering and shouting, but doing no other harm. One half was intoxicated from drinking, and the other half quite as drunk from excitement, and they surged about an excited but not angry sea of human faces. Many carried fireworks along with them, letting them off en route, whilst others footballed blazing tar barrels, taking good care though not to handle the fiery ball. The police were all out on duty, but they were put to no trouble, for there was no rowing, or garotting, or robbing such as now disgraces modern assemblages. As for colonial larrikinism it was still unhatched. The only apprehension was lest Melbourne would be accidentally burned down, but how it escaped was an enigma. However, though there was no public prayer for rain, about twelve o'clock some smart showers fell, a regular God-send in clearing the streets and preventing any calamity, though a large number did not go home till morning.
A Day of Prayer and Play.
The next day, Thursday, was specially set apart for religious worship and the forenoon passed off in a very solemn manner. Throughout the day almost every house in town was closed, and as for business it was totally suspended, except of course, the "Refreshment" manufactories. It is hardly an exaggeration to write that an universal Te Deum was offered by the people. Divine services were held at the several churches, which were well attended by all grades of society, high and low, rich and poor, and a feeling of profound gratitude to Providence appeared generally prevalent. Amongst the sermons preached the most effective were those of Dr. Perry, the Episcopalian Bishop, at St. James' Cathedral, and the Rev. Rabbi Rintel, at the Synagogue.
The afternoon was, however, through an incongruous transition "from grave to gay," devoted to different purposes, when religion was obliged to give way to worldly amusements of a very miscellaneous character. In the first place there was improvised horse-racing at the beach near Sandridge; and at 4 p.m. a series of sports came off on the present Parliament Reserve. They were promoted by Mr. Henry Lineham, the landlord of the White Hart Hotel.
At night several tar barrels were lit in different parts of the city, salutes were fired, and the fireworks again flew amongst the many wayfarers. The theatre was opened, and brilliantly illuminated, the audience joined in the chorus to a Separation Anthem, written for the occasion, and sung with great effect by Mr. C. Young at the rising of the curtain.
Several of the principal inns had some kind of musical contrivances, which they called bands, playing until a late hour. The police paraded the streets, but did not interfere with the frolic and fun of the people; and owing to the excellent arrangements, the day passed without accident.
The Grand Separation Procession.
Friday, 15th November was the grand day; in fact, the day of days-the "whitest" of the immortal three. Business was, as on the preceding day, at a standstill; and Nature herself, as if to aid in the celebration, ushered in the eventful day with as fine a morning as ever Aurora smiled upon.
At ten o'clock the several Societies began to collect, some in regalia, and others bearing a banner or some emblem to contribute towards the coming display. The Oddfellows were amongst the first on the ground, and were soon followed by the St. Patrick Society, which mustered in very strong numbers, in consequence of the members not having walked in public procession since the memorable occasion of laying the first stone of Prince's Bridge, on the 25th March, 1846. The Grand Marshall (Mr. W. J. Sugden, of the Royal Mail Hotel) had no sinecure.
PROGRAMME
Of the
PROCESSION
For the
OPENING OF PRINCE'S BRIDGE,
In commemoration of the advent of
SEPARATION,
FRIDAY, 15TH NOVEMBER, 1850.
Mr. W. J. Sugden (Grand Marshal), on Horseback, Chief-Constable on Horseback,
Pensioners, Band, Native Mounted Police,
Various Schools (Marshalled as they arrive on the Ground), Father Matthew Total Abstinence Society,
Tent of Jonadab Rechabites, Rechabite Tent of St. John,
Melbourne Philanthropic and Total Abstinence Society, Salford Unity of Independent Rechabites,
Journeymen Butchers (blue frocks, white trousers, straw hats, carrying the emblems of their trade),
The German Union of Melbourne, The Union Jack and German Union Flags United,
The St. Patrick Society, Pupils of St. Patrick's Seminary, under superintendence of teachers,
Junior Members of Society, under direction of a senior member, Band, Union Jack, supported by Wardens with Wands,
Members (two abreast), with green silk scarves and rosettes, Banner of Harp of Erin, supported by two members with Wands,
Members (two abreast), Banner of St. Patrick on the Hill of Tara, supported by members,
Members (two abreast), Victoria Separation Banner, supported by members with Wands,
Members of Conimittee (two abreast), green silk scarves, rosettes, gilt harps, and crowns,
The Auditors in same costume, The Secretary with Scroll,
The Treasurer with Bag, the Vice-President, the President.
PRINTERS OF MELBOURNE,
Press, on a mounted platform drawn by four horses, Banner-Full length portrait of Gottenberg,
The Inventor of Movable Types, and other Trades in rotation.
Ancient Independnent Order of Oddfellows.
Grand United Order of Oddfellows.
Melbourne District,
Prince of Wales Lodge Banner, Britannia Lodge No. 984:—
Conductor, Junior Members (two and two),
Ordinary Members (two and two), Warden, Permanent and Elective Secretaries,
Supporter, Vice-Grand, Supporter. Guard, Dispensation, Guard. Supporter, Noble Grand, Supporter.
Union Jack. Supporter, Noble Father, Supporter.
Prince of Wales Lodge, No. 926:—
Conductor, Junior Members (two and two), Ordinary Members (two and two),
Warden, Permanent and Elective Secretaries,
Supporter, Vice-Grand, Supporter. Guard, Dispensation, Guard. Supporter, Noble Grand, Supporter.
Supporter, Noble Father, Supporter.
Felix Lodge Banner, Victoria Lodge, No. 982:—
Conductor, Junior Members (two and two), Ordinary Members (two and two), Warden, Permanent and Elective Secretaries,
Supporter, Vice-Grand, Supporter. Guard, Dispensation Guard.
Police Supporter, Noble Grand, Supporter. Union Jack. Police
Supporter, Noble Father, Supporter.
Felix Lodge, No. 923:—
Conductor, Junior Members (two and two), Ordinary Members (two and two), Warden,
The Manchester Unity of the Independent Order of Oddfellows:—
White gloves, with sashes and aprons.
Outside Guardians with swords, Brothers, white and blue (two and two), Wardens (two and two),
Brothers, scarlet and gold (two and two), Assistant Secretary, Past Secretaries, Secretary with Scroll,
Police. Past Vice-Grands (two and two), a Vice-Grand with Bible and Time-glass. Police.
Supporters Vice-Grand, No. 6, Vice-Grand, No. 4, Supporters
with Wands. Vice-Grand, No. 2, Vice-Grand, No. 1. with Wands.
Supporter, Vice-Grand, Supporter, Guard, Dispensation, Guard.
Supporter, Noble Grand, Supporter. Supporter, Noble Father, Supporter.
Permanent and Elective Secretaries.
District Officers.
Delegates (two and two), Treasurer and Secretary. Guard. Cushion and Bible. Guard. Lecturer and
Deputy-Lecturer, District Master and Deputy-District Master, Past District Masters (two and two),
Past Grand Masters (two and two).
Felix Lodge Banner. (Crimson).
Representing on one side figures emblematical of Oddfellows exclusively, viz.:—
Truth and Justice, A Clouded Providence, Charity,
Hour Glass, Cross Keys, Ark,
Dove and Olive Branch, Lion and the Lamb (representing Peace), the Rose, Thistle, and Shamrock
(representing Unity.) On the reverse side the Leeds Coat of Arms."
Prince of Wales Lodge Banner. (Blue.)
Representing on one side the same figures as the Felix Lodge Banner, viz.:—Truth and Justice, etc., etc.
On the reverse side the representation of the young Prince of Wales," in his nautical costume, etc.
Supporters with Wands. Grand Masters. Supporters with Wands.
Supporters Past Grand, Noble Grand, No. 6, Noble Grand, No. 4, Supporters
with Wands. Noble Grand, No. 2, Noble Grand, No. 1, with Wands.
Past Corresponding Secretary, Corresponding Secretary with Scroll, Past Provincial Deputy-Grand Masters,
Provincial Deputy-Grand Masters, Past Provincial Grand Masters, Provincial Grand Masters,
Two Inside Guardians with Swords.
BAND,
Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons:—
Four Tylers, Banner of Faith, Master of Ceremonies, Terrestrial and Celestial Globes, Entered Apprentices,
Fellow Crafts, Deacons with Wands, Secretary with Roll, Treasurer with Bag,
Six Masters, Corinthian Light, Junior Wardens, Six Masters, Doric Light, Senior Wardens,
Banner of Hope, The Choir, Stewards, Architect and Builder, Bible, Square, and Compasses, Banner of Charity,
Chaplain, Installed Masters, Ionic Light, Book of Constitution, Royal Arch Masons,
Military Past Masters, Masters, Inner Guardians, Inhabitants (two abreast), Military
or Police at Separation Rejoicing Committee (two abreast), Clergy of all Denominations. or Police at
Intervals. Civil Officers of Government, Heads of Departments, Magistrates of the City, Intervals.
Magistrates of the Territory, Mayor and Corporation,
Members of the Legislative Council, His Honor the Resident Judge,
Aide-de-Camp. His Honor the Superintendent, Aide-de-Camp.
Military.
The greatest novelty of the occasion was the turn out of the Melbourne printers, who had, mounted on a huge waggon, lent by the Messrs. Langlands of the foundry, a printing press belonging to the Herald. A platform was erected as standing room for Messrs. J. P. Fawkner (the father of the Port Phillipian Press), William Clarke and Samuel Goode (two well-known typos). The concern was ornamented with a small grove of evergreens, and to it were attached eight well-conditioned horses, supplied by Mr. Bradley of Albury. The animals were smothered in ribbons, and during the progress of the procession, the press was kept going, sheets worked off and sent flying. These printing specimens were neatly-bordered tracts, surmounted by a press and medallion likenesses of the Queen and Prince Albert. The letterpress was a chronological epitome of the most notable dates and events in Port Phillip between 1835 and 1850, and was the production of Fawkner. Of all the individuals who "composed" this "typo" contingent, only three veterans (so far as I know) survive in Victoria, viz., Messrs. Samuel Goode, John Ferres, and Benjamin Lucas. The banners and costumes of several of the Societies were remarkable for style and brilliancy, and had an imposing appearance.
The Masonic brethren were particularly noticeable in consequence of their display of official jewellery, and some of them wore a large number of jewels. One of the most prominent was Mr. John Stephen, whose decorations were profuse, and who, in addition, sported a green scarf, through his being a member of St. Patrick's Society.
Odd Fellowship also did its duty. The members of the various Lodges assembled in force, and the difference in their costumes had, by the contrast, a very happy effect. Their banners were very good, and emblematic of those great virtues which, if generally practised by all, would confer much benefit upon the human race.
The banners of the St. Patrick Society appeared to much advantage, and were objects of much interest and inspection from the circumstance that they had been systematically misrepresented and reported to be highly offensive to the feelings of a certain class of the community. This exhibition had, however, given the lie to such insinuations, and so far from being regarded with aversion, "standards of green unfurled" were regarded with admiration, especially a new one prepared particularly for the day, one side of which represented the Queen assenting to the Magna Charta of her namesake and youngest colony.
The several Orders of Teetotalism showed off some very becoming banners, including a full-length portrait of Father Matthew, the great Irish Apostle of the cause.
It would be unfair to omit the Germans, who, though necessarily few in number, made a respectable turn out, and showed three handsome banners.
On arriving upon Prince's Bridge, the Freemasons opened their ranks right and left, to afford a passage for his Honor the Superintendent and Staff to the centre of the arch, upon reaching which Mr. John Stephen, P.G.M., attended by the Masters of the several Masonic Lodges, approached his Honor, and thus addressed him:—
"May it please your Honor:
"The period having arrived for the proclamation of the Prince's Bridge, as being dedicated to the use of the public of Victoria, I am directed by the Ancient and Honourable Society of Freemasons to deliver up to your Honor the plans and drawings of this noble and elegant structure. Having assisted your Honor to lay the foundation stone, we have upon the present occasion to express our congratulations upon its completion in accordance with the design. In the name of the Fraternity COMMEMORATION
OF THE
BOON OF THE SEPARATION OF THE PROVINCE OF VICTORIA
FROM THE
COLONY OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
Melbourne, the Fifteenth of November, 1850. Printed in the time of the Procession to open the Prince's Bridge.
The Act for the better regulation of the Australian Colonies, which constituted Victoria into a free Province, passed the Imperial Parliament on the First of August, 1850, of which information reached this Colony, by way of Adelaide, on the 11th of November, 1850.
In this cause the Press has been ever active, and has nobly performed the duty entrusted thereto. Justice has at length triumphed! Victoria is free from the clog of the Elder Colony of New South Wales! Her people rejoice as one man. The Printers, and all employed in the diffusion of, the printed page: all engaged on the all-powerfni Press, join heart and soul in the People's joy.
This Colony was founded August 31st, 1835, on which day the first house was commenced for Mr. John Pascoe Fawkner. On the 1st of June, 1836, the first Public Meeting of the Inhabitants took place, and James Simpson, Esq.. was elected unanimously as Ruler of the People.
In September, 1836, Captain Lonsdale and a small force of Military, with Officers and Workmen, arrived from Sydney, to govern and order the new Colony.
On Monday, 1st January, 1836, the first Newspaper was issued—a written sheet, published in the extent of 32 Nos. weekly, by Mr. John Pascoe Fawkner. The first Paper was printed on the 5th of March, 1839, and was entitled "The Melbourne Advertiser." It is now "The Melbourne Daily News and Port Philip Patriot," edited by the Proprietor, Genege D'Arley Boursiquot, Esq. It commenced a foolscap sheet, once a week, was enlarged a bit sheet of double demy, and was first published daily, couencing on the 15th May. 1843, by John Pascoe Fawkner.
"The Port Phillip Gazette" was first published early in October, 1838, by Messrs. Strode and Asden, bi-weekly. It is now a tri-weekly Journal, edited and published by Thomas M'Combie, Esq.
"The Melbourne Morning Herald" was commenced, and is still carried on by George Cavenagh, Esq. First published in January, 1839, twice a week. It has been a daily Paper since Jan. 1849.
"The Melbourne Argus" commenced on 1st June, 1846, and ceased 12th September, 1849.
"The Argus" commenced 15th September, 1848, and as a daily Paper 18th June, 1849. Present Proprietors,—Messrs. Wilson and Johnston.
"The Times," published by Ryland John Howard, was commenced September 1842, and was discontinued 1844.
"The Standard," bi-weekly Journal, was commenced by G. D. Boursiquot, Esq., in 1844, and amalgamated with the "Port Philip Patriot" Oct. 1, 1845.
"The Courier" was published by Mr. S. Goode on 6th January, 1843, and discontinued in April, 1844.
"The Albion" was commenced by Mr. S. Goode in December, 1847, and discontinued in March, 1848.
"The Geelong Advertiser" was commenced et Geelong, November, 1840. by J. P. Fawkner. Edited and Published by Messrs. Harrison and Watkins. Began as a weekly paper, and is now the property of Mr. J. Harrison, and published daily.
The "Victora Colonist," formerly "The Corio Chronicle," is published for Dr. Thomson, at Geelong, bi-weekly; and "The Omnibus," by Mr. Combe, is also issued at Geelong, making three Newspapers issued in that town.
The District of Portland Bay boasts its two Papers bi-weekly, viz., "The Portland Guardian," and "The Portland Herald."
Belfast also has its "Gazette," published by Mr Osborne.
Melbourne also produces sundry other publications:—
"The Church of England Messenger," originated hy Dr. Perry. Bishop of Melbourne, January, 1850.
Haw's "Illustrated Australian Magazine," commenced August, 1850. Monthly.
"The Australasian," Pablishel by Afr Pullar, a quarterly repriut. Deraber, 1830.
"The Presbyterian Magazine," issued by Mr Ramsay, monthly.
"The Tenperance Advocate," issued weekly by Mr. Finlayson.
"The Melbourne Family Journal," commenced by Mr. Hayden, and carried on by Mr Craig.
"The Christian Citizen," published by Mr Goode, monthly.
"Victoria Weekly Price Current and Circular," published by Mr W. L. Lees.
Thus Victoria can boast of the Press, and the people can exult in the noble patronage they afford to
THE PRESS.
Which has rendered Britain the Arbitress of the World, and has also wrought wonders in Victora. This Press and the People have achieved that consummation so devoutly to be wished, Viz., SEPARATION:—Total Separation from New South Wales. 'Tis to the Press that this city is indebted for the information used by Three Daily, One Tri-weekly, Three Weekly, Four Mouthly, and One Quarterly Journal; and the City of Geelong circulates the pabulum of knowledge by means of One Daily and Two Weekly Newspapers. Portland Bay and Beliast have also the benefit of the information circulated by means of Three Journals. The PRESS is Omnipotent! Its diffusion is not only wide, but universal; its voice penetrates the deepest recesses of the forest; crosses the widest plains, the highest mountains, and the most rapid streams. Not a hut in the wilderness but feels the powerful influence of that Lever of Freedom—THE PRESS.
The first Meeting to demand Separation was held in Melbourne, June. 1840. The feat was forwarded by Non-Election, July, 1848, and finally accomplished August 1, 1850.
LONG LIVE THE QUEEN!
| VICTORIA SEPARATION ODE. | ||||
| All hail thou Glorious Press! When first thy mighty frame was rear'd, Truth rose, in radiant light unspher'd. The Nations to address. Then Tyrants trembled in dismay, Aud Reason held her sovereign sway, Supported by the PRESS! |
Advances still the PRESS! And fair Religion's healing hand Sheds peace and love o'er every land, The multitudes to bless! Whilst Science all her varied stores From clime to clime benignly pours, Assisted by the PRESS! |
Time-honoured now, O PRESS! Thy power to quell the oppressor's pride, And draw corruption's veil aside, Our grateful hearts confess. This day shall joy such voice attune To greet dear Freedom's welcome home Enforced by the PRESS! | ||
The Superintendent receiving the plans from Mr. Stephen, presented them to the Order for preservation amongst the Masonic archives of the colony; and then spoke as follows:—
"I have now to declare the Prince's Bridge open for public use. In so doing I must express my acknowledgments to all parties concerned in its erection for the kindly feeling manifested during its progress. I must especially note the conduct of the operative masons and the mechanics employed in the work for their generous and manly conduct in continuing their labours during the period when the supplies voted were not forthcoming. Such a dilemma could not have occurred had this district possessed a Legislature of its own. I had anticipated the completion of the Bridge upon the third anniversary of its building, but was disappointed from the above cause; and a much further delay must have ensued but for the liberal conduct of the artisans employed in the undertaking. 1 should remark that the entire materials of this, the first Bridge of Victoria, (shall I say) are composed of colonial produce—Victorian granite, Victorian mortar, Victorian labour—and when your children's children may be crossing this bridge in after years they may probably have learnt that this very important structure was raised during the period of the government of a 'Superintendent.'" Upon the conclusion of these remarks a peal of stunning cheers burst from the assembled thousands; and the crash of the artillery from the opposite hill announced to the inhabitants that the Prince's Bridge was opened as a free bridge to the public of Victoria.
The procession then moved on in inverted order, his Honor preceding, and the Masons, Oddfellows, and other Societies following over the bridge.
After passing the Bridge the procession proceeded towards the site for the intended Vice-Regal residence, and here the several bodies falling into line, remained for about a quarter of an hour, with bands playing and colours flying. His Honor the Superintendent (who was dressed in the official uniform of a Lieutenant-Governor), was very warmly received, and loudly and vociferously cheered as he rode through the different Societies, and courteously acknowledged the ebullitions of public feeling with which he was everywhere greeted.
In reference to Prince's Bridge, it may be worth remarking that on the day of its foundation an item of the ceremony consisted of what is Masonically termed an Invocation offered by the Rev. A. C. Thomson who acted as Chaplain, as follows:— "May He, Whose mighty hand encompasseth Eternity, be the Guardian and Protector of this infant city and its inhabitants, and may this building which spanneth the waters be long His protection—long preserved from peril and decay." Judging from results it is not unreasonable to assume that the first half of this precation has not been without its effect on the then future; but the prayer for the preservation of the bridge has been as unavailing as many a prayer for rain since, for in little more than thirty years, the structure was removed to make way for a larger one, and the Yarra Yarra no longer (1888) knows the first stone bridge that spanned its once unpolluted waters.
That evening the Mayor entertained a sciect party at the Port Phillip Club Hotel, Flinders Street.
The Duke of York Order of Oddfellows enjoyed themselves at the Robert Burns Inn, in Lonsdale Street. The Brothers sat down to table in full regalia, the Lodge banner being displayed from the window, and a band playing in the room.
The members of the Fitzroy Lodge dined at the Cornwall Arms, Bourke Street, and did not separate until an early hour on Saturday morning.
The Grand United Order of Oddfellows held a Separation Ball at the Protestant Hall. Upwards of three hundred persons assembled-Brothers in full costume. Dancing commenced at ten o'clock, and was kept on with spirit until one o'clock, when about two hundred sat down to supper, or rather breakfast, which was laid out in the lower room under the superintendence of Mr. Hunter, confectioner, Collins Street.
In the city the banners of the different Societies, besides other flags bearing different devices, were hoisted from the windows, and music and revelry were again the order of the day. Between 10 and 11 o'clock those who had not been drawn away by other recreations were steering for Emerald Hill, and shortly after 11 o'clock preparations were made by the Stewards to carry out the Programme of the Separation Sports.
It was notified to the Stewards, Messrs. M. King, Dal. Campbell, D. S. Campbell, J. Stewart, W. J. Disher, and Francis Stephen, that the amount collected would not allow of the games being carried out to the extent stated in the programme, and these gentlemen in the most liberal manner undertook at their own expense to provide the prizes, and would not curtail the programme of a single event, trusting to the honour of the public to eventually reimburse them the outlay to be so incurred. They were greeted with loud huzzas when their liberality became known.
Printers' Excursion to Geelong.
At six o'clock on Saturday morning the Melbourne Printers, fully determined to make the most of their holidays, started from the wharf on an aquatic trip for Geelong, in the "Thames" steamer, chartered for the purpose. They were accompanied by their "sweethearts and wives," and all shared the enjoyment of the hour. There was an excellent band on board, and with Mr. J. P. Fawkner as generalissimo, it was resolved to have a day of it and no mistake." The morning was fine, and a smart sea-breeze wafted health and happiness to all. This state of things did not long continue, for Neptune, the Ocean god, in whose time no such bipeds as printers existed, appeared bent upon being unpropitious. The vessel no sooner cleared the Williamstown Lighthouse than the waves got up steam as well as the "Thames," and the latter heaved tremendously. Then commenced in reality a species of "separation rejoicings" not included in the programme, and so continued until in the beautiful Bay of Corio. Fawkner, who was most indefatigable in providing for the general comfort and enjoyment, improvised a dance on the quarter-deck, and there they "tripped it gaily" until they approached the Geelong jetty, when the Gottenberg banner was unfurled, and the band struck up a stirring tune.
The Geelong printers gave their confrères from Melbourne a cordial reception, and invited them to a "feed" at the Union Hotel. At four p.m. a return on board was effected, and they started for Melbourne amidst peals of loud and long cheers from an immense crowd assembled to witness the departure. Within an hour of midnight the Melbourne Wharf was reached; and, notwithstanding the unfavourable nature of the weather, all were gratified with their day's outing.
The Theatre, which had been closed for several evenings, was re-opened, profusely illuminated, and the bill of fare presented induced many of the holiday folk to wind up the week before the curtain.
The illuminations were reproduced on a curtailed scale, and the last of the revellers marched home accompanied by the band from the steamer as the mystic hour of "High Twelve" appeared in the heavens. No accident or disturbance of any kind occurred during the day.
The period of the public amusements terminated on Saturday, but the enjoyments might be considered as kept up until Sunday evening. That day, after church, was in a great measure devoted to small parties of pleasure to Brighton, St. Kilda, the Beach, Saltwater River, etc.; and next morning reason and business resumed their sway in Melbourne. It was highly gratifying to observe the peaceable and good-tempered manner in which everything passed away.
Monday was a kind of "suffering a recovery" period, and it was the last of the Printers' holidays. There was no newspaper issued, which did not by any means tend to mitigate the universal ennui. On Tuesday Melbourne was again to rights, and the ordinary business of life was thoroughly resumed.
It should be mentioned that Geelong, Portland, and other townships had their own special rejoicings and festivities.
The project of a public dinner in Melbourne was abandoned, because there was a Fancy Ball yet to be disposed of. Great preparations were now made to wind up creditably with this entertainment, quite a novelty in its line; and as it was the first of its kind in the colony, I hope to be excused for giving a detailed notice of The Separation Fancy Dress Ball.
On the night of the 28th November, 1850, the "Separation Rejoicings" terminated. The procession, the illuminations, the rural feats and other excursions, the bonfires and tar barrels, all had had their day, but it remained for the Fancy Dress Ball to close an ovation which, from its general nature, and the heart and soul thrown into it by everyone, has had no parallel in Victoria. St. Patrick's Hall was decorated in a very tasteful manner. The entrance doorway was embowered in laurels and evergreens, and illuminated with a V.R. lamp, which scattered its rays to the opposite side of the street. The staircase leading to the ball-room was similarly decorated, and the spacious room itself was overhung with banners and transparencies in endless variety. The walls were profusely festooned, and at the northern end was a dais, surmounted by a neat portrait of Her Majesty, the property of the Victoria and Tasmania Society. The chaste and beautiful banner of the St. George Society was also unfolded, displaying the gallant Saint of legendary celebrity slaying the formidable dragon. At intervals, hanging from the ceiling, were the St. Patrick Society's banners-the harp, the earliest emblem of Ireland, displaying its proportions on emerald green; St. Patrick anathematizing the snakes from the "sacred isle;" the same Apostle converting the Irish Kings on the hill of Tara, where the rude monarchs are electrified by his persuasive eloquence. On another, pagan Ireland is delineated by its immemorial "Sunburst." And though the last, not the least, the one representing the Queen assenting to the "Victoria Emancipation Act."
This banner was unfurled in front of the dais which His Honor the Superintendent occupied during the night. Union Jacks fluttered in all directions, and in several parts of the Hall were several transparencies. The room was lighted by a range of chandeliers, and when their flood of light bathed the rich and picturesque banners, the transparencies, and ornamental foliage, and then swept over the beautifully-dressed, high-hearted groups beneath, the scene was one of the most thrilling effect. Megson's Band was retained for the occasion, and the Stewards were indefatigable in their attention to the assemblage. The supper was provided by Mr. Cantlon, a newly-established caterer, and was said to do him much credit.
The following is an alphabetical list of the company present, who left their cards at the entrance door, and the characters in which they appeared as marked thereon:—
A'Beckett, Mrs.; Anderson, Mrs., a fancy dress; Anderson, Miss, a Nepaulese lady; Anderson, Elizabeth, fancy dress; Anderson, Rosa, fancy dress; A'Beckett, William, Resident Judge, full Court dress; Aitken, Mr., settler; Anderson, Colonel, in full uniform of 50th Regiment.
Balbirnie, the Misses, Italian peasants; Bawtree, Miss Ellen, a Persian lady; Bawtree, Mrs. Samuel, lady of Court of Charles First; Bawtree, Miss, Persian lady; Barker, Mrs. Edward, lady of 19th century; Bennett, Mrs., plain dress; Browne, Mr., Highland costume; Balbirnie, R. A., hussar uniform; Benn, Mr., gentleman; Barlas, Dr. James; Bawtree, Samuel, gentleman of Court of Charles First; Barker, Wm., gentleman of 19th century; Barker, Edwd., a gentleman of 19th century; Benjamin, Solomon, barrister-at-law; Bennett, Mr., Glaucus the Athenian; Brodie, R. S., the Bunyip.
Campbell, Mrs. William II., as herself; Chambers, Mrs. Hugh J., a fancy dress; Creswick, Mrs. Henry, plain clothes; Collyer, Mrs., ball dress; Cox, Mrs., ball costume; Cavenagh, Miss, fancy dress; Cavenagh, Mrs., lady of 19th century. Campbell, W. H., in a new suit of clothes; Chambers, H. J., an Irishman; Cadden, H. C.; Cadden, H. F.; Campbell, Robert, Royal Arch Mason; Connolly, J. M., gentleman of 19th century; Creswick, H., a Spanish Brigand; Collyer, W. D., gentleman of the present day; Cox, Mr., ball costume; Cavenagh, George, a private gentleman.
Disher, Mrs. W. J., Venetian Lady; Dismorr, Mrs. N., plain dress. Dismorr, N., plain dress; Don Francisco de Cavello, Spanish gentleman; Dunbar, J. W.; Disher, W. J., Royal Arch Mason; Davies, B., Neapolitan costume; Dana, Captain Commandant Mounted Police; De Graves, William, a Sportsman; Dana, Mr., Officer of Mounted Police. Erskine, Mrs. J. A., ball dress. Ellerman, H. C., a Squatter in mufti; Edwards, J. S, a "Skipper"; Erskine, J. A., a DACG. Finn, Mrs. E., Colleen Bawn; Finn, E., Garryowen; Ford, F. T. W., Medical Man, present date; Frencham, H., Julien St. Pierre; Ford, William, Hon. Artillery Company; Fenwick, N. A., uniform; Fenwick, William, Albanian costume; Fenton, T.
Gardiner, Miss; Greene, Mrs. E. B., full dress. Goodman, John, Yeomanry Officer; Greene, W. F., a Lieutenant; Gurner, Mr. H. F.,; Graham, James G., Highland dress; Greene, E. B., Chinese Mandarin; Greene, E. B., junr., Midshipman Easy; Gibson, S.; Greeves, Alderman, full dress; Goode, Lieutenant, 11th Regiment.
Harris, Mrs. S. H., ball dress; Hart, Miss, ball dress; Hart, Mrs. J. A., lady of the year 1850; Henderson, Mrs. Thomas, ball dress; Hunter, Mrs. M'L., ball costume; Hazard, Mrs., ball costume; Haley, Miss; Hainz, Miss, full dress. Hart, Edward; Hart, J. S. H. gentleman of the year 1850; Hart, H. J., Royal Arch Mason; Homan, C. B., a Forester; Howard, C. J., Spanish Cavalier; Harrison, George, Lieutenant, R. N.; Henderson, Captain, Naval uniform; Hodgson, John, a Steward Hunter, M'L., gentleman rider.
Irvine, Mr. James, George, private; Jones, D. L, a gentleman of the 19th century; Jamieson, Alexander, Andulasian costume.
Kerr, Mrs. W., fancy dress; King, Mrs. J. C., an Irish lady. Kerr, W., Royal Arch Freemason; King, J. C. (Town Clerk), Civic costume.
Lydiard, Charles, a private gentleman; Lamond, E. B.; Lang, William, Tyrolese noble; Langhorne, Alfred; Lulham, G. A., Commander, ship, "Lysander;" Livesay, G., a "Skipper;" Levi, H., a Midshipman.
M'Kenzie, Miss, fancy dress; Martin, Mrs., Spring; Moor, Mrs., Autumn; M'Kenzie, A., Deputy Sheriff, official dress; Moor, H., Knight Templar; Mair, Captain, military uniform; Moffatt, G., gentleman of the 19th century; Montefiore, Mr., as a mongrel, alias half-horse, half-alligator, Midshipman, R. N., member of boating club; Mitchell, Mr., private club. Nicholson, Mrs. John, an English lady; Nicholson, Mrs. William, an English lady.
Orr, John, private. Pearsall, Mrs., a lady of 19th century. Powlett, F. A.,; Philcox, Mr., a page; Philcox, James, a gentleman of 19th century; Pinkerton, Mr., as Hamish; Pearsall, John, a gentleman of 19th century.
Robertson, A. M., a Catalonian sailor; Roe, Lieutenant, 11th regiment.
Smythe, Mrs., ball dress; Shaw, Mrs. H. S.; Scott, Miss, ball costume; Scott, Mrs., a lady of 19th century; Seldon, Miss, an Italian lady. Sheppard, Sherbourne, Dick Turpin ; Stephen, Francis, Claude Melnotte; Stephen, Fitzroy, Neapolitan; Stephen, V., Corsair; Stephen, W., member of the boating club Smythe, H. W. H., gentleman of 19th century; Shaw, H. S.; Sievewright, Adolphus, courtier, King Charles I.
Trollope, Miss, ball dress; Thomas, D. J., Welsh peasant girl, Shanew Paish Gosh; Trenchard, J., plain dress; Turnbull, Phipps, a braw callant frae Auld Reekie. Winter, S. P.
The following ladies and gentlemen were also present, but did not hand in the descriptive cards as as required:—
Barrow, S., and lady; Bell, E., and lady; Black, Charles; Barry, Redmond; Beaurteaux, L., and three ladies; Bruce, Mr.; Benjamin, D., and sister; Bunbury, Captain; Bell, Mr.; Bruce, Mr.; Cole, Captain, and two ladies; Black, Wm.; Campbell, Dalmahoy; Chadwick, Mr.; Fenwick, Wm.; Gibson, Stewart; Geary, Mr.; Gilbert, Mr., and two ladies; Goodman, Mr., and lady; Greene, W. F.; Greene, R.; Highett, W., and lady; Hunter, Dr.; Harman, Mr.; Ilarvey, Mr.; Heape, B., and lady; Heape, C.; Jones, Mr., and lady; Kerr, Robert; Mills, Mr., and lady; M'Kerlie, Captain; Orr, Edward; O'Shanassy, J., and lady; O'Connor, N.; Power, Mr.; Probart, Mr.; Ross, George; Stephen, Jas., and two ladies; Stephen, H.; Smith, James; Sturt, E. P. S.; Taylor, J. W.; Thompson, A. P.; Umpleby, Mr.; Wake, P.; Westgarth, W.; Wilkinson, F., and two ladies.
The outcome of all those enthusiastic celebrations furnishes a curious commentary upon the proceedings, and one so little creditable to the public spirit of the people, that were I other than a truthful historian, I should be disposed to suppress it. When settling day arrived, it was found that both ends (the assets and liabilities) would by no means meet, unless the public patriotically came to the rescue, which it was not willing to do, for the excitement had evaporated, and as public feeling cooled, the public pocket grew less relaxed. The mistake was, that, at an early stage, the money hunting was mismanaged, and contributions which ought to have gone to the Central Rejoicing Fund were given to local amusements got up by the publicans and others in some of the suburbs. However, it it was now found that there would be a deficit of something like £250. The loss on the Fancy Ball would be from £90 to £100, the bonfires and illuminations £100, and so on. The general subscriptions realized only £141 18s. whilst the treasurer's disbursements were £175 9s. 6½d., and the outstanding claims, including the balance of £33 11s. 6½d., due to the treasurer, were £119 19s. 6½d. It was said that the Ball Stewards paid £4 14s. 7d. each to square their book, and whether the other general item was ever made up I cannot say positively, but I believe it was privately subscribed.
And thus passed away the Victorian Separation Celebrations. Sic transit gloria mundi.