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Chapter 16
The Heart of Jainism (1915)
by Alice Margaret Sinclair Stevenson
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4597697The Heart of Jainism — Appendix1915Alice Margaret Sinclair Stevenson
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APPENDIX

I. ANALYSIS OF THE NINE CATEGORIES

  • First Category: JIVA.
    • It can be classified:
      • i. In two divisions: a. Siddha.
      • b. Saṁsārī.
      • ii. In three divisions: a. Male.
      • b. Female.
      • c. Neuter.
      • iii. In four divisions: a. Nārakī.
      • b. Tiryañċ.
      • c. Manuṣya.
      • d. Devatā.
      • iv. In five divisions: a. Ekendriya. (Pṛithvīkāya, Apakāya, Teukāya, Vāyukāya, Vanaspatikāya [Pratyeka, Sādhāraṇa].)
      • b. Be-indriya (Dvīndriya).
      • c. Tri-indriya (Trīndriya).
      • d. Ċorendriya (Ċaturindriya).
      • e. Pañċendriya [Saṁjñī and Asaṁjñī].
      • v. In six divisions: a. Pṛithvīkāya.
      • b. Apakāya.
      • c. Teukāya.
      • d. Vāyukāya.
      • e. Vanaspatikāya.
      • f. Trasakāy.
      • vi. In seven somewhat artificial divisions for symmetry.
      • vii. In eight divisions: a. Saleśī.
      • b. Those swayed by Kṛiṣṇaleśyā.
      • c. Those„ sway„ ed by„ Nīlaleśyā.
      • d. Those„ sway„ ed by„ Kapotaleśyā.
      • e. Those„ sway„ ed by„ Tejoleśyā.
      • f. Those„ sway„ ed by„ Padmaleśyā.
      • g. Those„ sway„ ed by„ Śuklaleśyā.
      • h. Those„ sway„ ed by„ Aleśī.
      • viii. Artificial division into nine classes.
      • ix. In ten divisions:
        Ekendriya Paryāptā.
        Aparyāptā.
        ​
        • Be-indriya Paryāptā.
          Aparyāptā.
        • Tri-indriya Paryāptā.
          Aparyāptā.
        • Ċorendriya Paryāptā.
          Aparyāptā.
        • Pañċendriya Paryāptā.
          Aparyāptā.
      • x. In eleven divisions: Ekendriya.
      • Be-indriya.
      • Tri-indriya.
      • Ċorendriya.
      • Nārakī.
      • Tiryañċ.
      • Manuṣya.
      • Bhavanapati deva.
      • Vyantara deva.
      • Jyotiṣī deva.
      • Vaimānika deva.
      • xi. Artificial division into twelve classes.
      • xii. Artificial division into thirteen classes.
      • xiii. Artificial division into fourteen classes, two being new, viz.:
      • Sūkṣma ekendriya.
      • Bādara ekendriya.
  • Second Category: AJIVA.
    • A. Arūpī Ajīva.
      • 1. Dharmāstikāya (Dravya, Kṣetra, Kāḷa, Bhāva, Guṇa).
        • Skandha.
        • Deśa.
        • Pradeśa.
      • 2. Adharmāstikāya (Dravya, Kṣetra, Kāḷa, Bhāva, Guṇa).
        • Skandha.
        • Deśa.
        • Pradeśa.
      • 3. Ākāśāstikāya (Dravya, Kṣetra, Kāḷa, Bhāva, Guṇa).
        • Skandha.
        • Deśa.
        • Pradeśa.
      • 4. Kāḷa (Dravya, Kṣetra, Kāḷa, Bhāva, Guṇa).
    • B. Rūpī Ajīva.
        • Pudgaḷāstikāya.
    ​
  • Third Category: PUṆYA.

  • Nine Kinds of Puṇya.

    • 1. Anna puṇya.
    • 2. Pāṇa puṇya.
    • 3. Vastra puṇya.
    • 4. Layaṇa puṇya.
    • 5. Śayana puṇya.
    • 6. Mana puṇya (Manas or Mānasa puṇya).
    • 7. Śarīra or Kāya puṇya.
    • 8. Vaċana puṇya.
    • 9. Namaskāra puṇya

  • Forty-two Fruits of Puṇya.

    • 1. Śātavedanīya.
    • 2. Ūñċagotra.
    • 3. Manuṣya gati.
    • 4. Manuṣya anupūrvī.
    • 5. Devatā gati.
    • 6. Devata anupūrvī.
    • 7. Pañċendriyapaṇuṁ.
    • 8. Audārikaśarīra.
    • 9. Vaikreyaśarīra.
    • 10. Āhārakaśarīra.
    • 11. Audārika aṅgopāṅga.
    • 12. Vaikreya aṅgopāṅga.
    • 13. Āhāraka aṅgopāṅga.
    • 14. Taijasaśarīra.
    • 15. Kārmaṇaśarīra.
    • 16. Vrajraṛiṣabhanārāċa sanghayaṇa.
    • 17. Samaċaturastra saṇṭhāṇa.
    • 18. Śubha varṇa.
    • 19. Śubha gandha.
    • 20. Śubha rasa.
    • 21. Śubha sparśa.
    • 22. Agurulaghu nāmakarma.
    • 23. Parāghāta nāmakarma.
    • 24. Uċċhvāsa nāmakarma.
    • 25. Ātapa nāmakarma.
    • 26. Anuṣṇa nāmakarma.
    • 27. Śubhavihāyogati.
    • 28. Nirmāṇa nāmakarma.
    • 29. Trasa nāmakarma.
    • 30. Bādara nāmakarma. ​
    • 31. Paryāpti nāmakarma.
    • 32. Sthira nāmakarma.
    • 33. Pratyeka nāmakarma.
    • 34. Śubha nāmakarma.
    • 35. Subhaga nāmakarma.
    • 36. Susvara nāmakarma.
    • 37. Ādeya nāmakarma.
    • 38. Yaśokīrtti nāmakarma.
    • 39. Devatā āyuṣya.
    • 40. Manuṣya āyuṣya.
    • 41. Tiryañċ āyuṣya.
    • 42. Tīrthaṅkara nāmakarma.
  • Fourth Category: PĀPA.

  • Eighteen Kinds of Sin.

    • 1. Jīva hiṁsā.
        • a. Bhāva hiṁsā.
        • b. Dravya hiṁsā.
    • 2. Asatya or Mṛiṣāvāda.
    • 3. Adattādāna.
    • 4. Abrahmaċarya.
    • 5. Parigraha.
    • Kaṣāya or Ċaṇḍāla Ċokaḍī. 6. Krodha. Kinds a. Apraśasta.
      7. Māna. b. Praśasta.
      8. Māyā. Length of time indulged in: Anantānubandhī, Apratyākhyānī, Pratyākhyānī, Sañjvalana.
      9. Lobha.
    • 10. Rāga or Āsakti.
    • 11. Dveṣa or Īrṣyā.
    • 12. Kleśa.
    • 13. Abhyākhyāna.
    • 14. Paiśunya.
    • 15. Nindā.
    • 16. Rati, Arati.
    • 17. Māyāmṛiṣā.
    • 18. Mithyādarśana Śalya.

    Some of the twenty-five divisions of Mithyādarśana Śalya:

    • Laukika mithyātva.
    • Lokottara mithyātva.
    • Abhigrahika mithyātva.
    • Ajñāna mithyātva. ​
    • Avinaya mithyātva.
    • Aśātanā mithyātva.
    • Anabhigrahika mithyātva.

    The Eighty-two Results of Sin:

    Five Jñānāvaraṇīya.

    • 1. 1. Matijñānāvaraṇīya.
    • 2. 2. Śrutajñānāvaraṇīya.
    • 3. 3. Avadhijñānāvaraṇīya.
    • 4. 4. Manaḥparyāyajñānāvaraṇīya.
    • 5. 5. Kevalajñānāvaraṇīya.

    Five Antarāya.

    • 6. 1. Dānāntarāya.
    • 7. 2. Lābhāntarāya.
    • 8. 3. Bhogāntarāya.
    • 9. 4. Upabhogāntarāya.
    • 10. 5. Vīryāntarāya.

    The Four Darśanāvaraṇīya.

    • 11. 1. Ċakṣudarśanāvaraṇīya.
    • 12. 2. Aċakṣudarśanāvaraṇīya.
    • 13. 3. Avadhidarśanāvaraṇīya.
    • 14. 4. Kevaladarśanāvaraṇīya.

    The Five Nidrā.

    • 15. 1. Nidrā.
    • 16. 2. Nidrānidrā.
    • 17. 3. Praċalā.
    • 18. 4. Praċalāpraċalā.
    • 19. 5. Styānarddhi (or Thīṇarddhi).

    Five Unclassified Results.

    • 20. Nīċagotra.
    • 21. Narakagati.
    • 22. Aśātavedanīya.
    • 23. Narakānupūrvī.
    • 24. Narakāyu.

    Twenty-five Kaṣāya.

    • 25–40. Sixteen already discussed (Anger, Pride, Deceit, Envy, and their subdivisions)

    and Nine Nokaṣāya, namely:—

    • 41. Hāsya.
    • 42. Rati.
    • 43. Arati. ​44. Bhaya.

    45. Śoka. 46. Dugañċhā. 47. Puruṣaveda. 48. Strīveda. 49. Napuṁsakaveda.

    Six Results affecting Class.

    50. Tiryañċ ānupūrvī. 51. Tiryañċ gati. 52. Ekendriya nāma. 53. Be-indriya nāma. 54. Tri-indriya nāma. 55. Ċorendriya nāma.

    Six Physical Blemishes.

    56. Aśubha vihāyogati. 57. Upaghāta nāma. 58. Aśubha varṇa. 59. Aśubha gandha. 60. Aśubha rasa. 61. Aśubha sparśa.

    Five Saṅgheṇa.

    62. Ṛiṣabhanārāċa saṅgheṇa, 63. Nārāċa (or Nārāya) saṅgheṇa. 64. Ardhanārāċa (-nārāya) saṅgheṇa. 65. Kīhkā saṅgheṇa. 66. Sevārtta saṅgheṇa.

    Five Saṁsthāna.

    67. Nyagrodhaparimaṇḍaḷa saṁsthāna. 68. Sādi saṁsthāna. 69. Kubjaka saṁsthāna. 70. Vāmana saṁsthāna. 71. Huṇḍa saṁsthāna.

    Sthāvara Daśaka.

    72. Sthāvara. 73. Sūkṣma. 74. Aparyāpti. 75. Sādhāraṇa. 76. Asthira. 77. Aśubha. 78. Durbhaga. 79. Dusvara. ​80. Anādeya. 81. Ayaśa. 82. Mithyātva mohanīya.

    Fifth Category: ĀŚRAVA.

    Forty-two Chief Channels by which Karma may enter. Seventeen Major Āśrava.

    1. Kāna (Karṇa). 2. Ānkha (Akṣa). 3. Nāka (Nās). 4. Jībha (Jihvā). 5. Sparśa.

    6. Krodha. 7. Māna. 8. Māyā. 9. Lobha.

    10. Killing. 11. Lying. 12. Thieving. 13. Coveting. 14. Unchastity.

    15. Mind. 16. Body. 17. Speech.

    Karma enters through the Five Senses. Karma enters through the Four Kaṣāya. Karma enters through not taking the five vows to avoid these sins. Karma enters through not maintaining the Three Yoga (control).


    Twenty-five Minor Āśrava.

    1. Kāyikī. 2. Adhikaraṇikī. 3. Pradveṣikī. 4. Paritāpanikī. 5. Prāṇātipātikī. 6. Ārambhikī. 7. Pārigrahikī. 8. Māyāpratyayikī. 9. Mithyādarśanapratyayikī. 10. Apratyākhyānikī. 11. Dṛiṣṭikī. 12. Spṛiṣṭikī. 13. Prātityakī. 14. Sāmantopanipātikī. 15. Naiśastrikī. 16. Svahastikī. 17. Ājñāpanikī. ​18. Vaidāraṇikī. 19. Anābhogikī. 20. Anavakāṅkṣāpratyayikī. 21. Prayogikī. 22. Sāmudāyikī. 23. Premikī. 24. Dveṣikī. 25. Īryāpathikī.

    Sixth Category: SAṀVARA.

    Fifty-seven Ways of Impeding Karma.

    Five Samiti.

    1. Īryā samiti. 2. Bhāṣā samiti. 3. Eṣaṇā samiti. 4. Ādānanikṣepaṇa samiti. 5. Parithāpaṇikā samiti (or Utsarga samiti).

    Three Gupti.

    6. Manogupti. a, Asatkalpanāviyogī. b. Samatābhāvinī. c. Ātmārāmatā.

    7. Vaċanagupti. a. Maunāvalambi. b. Vākniyami.

    8. Kāyagupti. a. Yathāsūtraċeṣṭāniyami. b. Ċeṣṭanivṛitti.

    Twenty-two Parīṣaha.

    9. Kṣudhā parīṣaha. 10. Tṛiṣā 11. Śīta 12. Uṣṇa 13. Daṁśa 14. Vastra 15. Arati 16. Strī 17. Ċaryā 18. Naiṣidhikī (Naiṣedhikī) parīṣaha. 19. Śayyā parīṣaha. 20. Akrośa ​21. Vadha parīṣaha. 22. Yāñċā (Yāċanā) parīṣaha. 23. Alābha 24. Roga 25. Tṛiṇasparśa 26. Mela 27. Satkāra 28. Prajñā 29. Ajñāna 30. Samyaktva

    Ten Duties of Monks (Daśa Yatidharma).

    31. Kṣamā. 32. Mārdava. 33. Ārjava. 34. Nirlobhatā. 35. Tapa (Tapas). 36. Saṁyama. 37. Satya. 38. Śauċa. 39. Akiṁċinatva. 40. Brahmaċarya.

    Five Ċāritra or Rules of Conduct.

    41. Sāmāyika ċāritra. 42. Ċhedopasthāpanīya ċāritra. 43. Parihāraviśuddha ċāritra. 44. Sukṣmasamparāya ċāritra. 45. Yathākhyāta ċāritra.

    Twelve Bhāvanā (or Anupreḳsā).

    46. Anitya bhāvanā. 47. Aśarana 48. Saṁsāra 49. Ekatva 50. Anyatva 51. Aśauċa 52. Āśrava 53. Saṁvara 54. Nirjarā

    Nine first Reflections.

    55. Loka 56. Bodhibīja 57. Dharma

    Three additional Reflections. ​ Seventh Category: BANDHA.

    Bondage to Karma is of four kinds:

    1. Prakṛiti. 2. Sthiti. 3. Anubhāga. 4. Pradeśa.

    Eighth Category: NIRJARĀ.

    Karma can be destroyed by: — Six Exterior (Bāhya) Austerities.

    1. Anaśana. a. Itvara. b. Yāvatkathika.

    2. Uṇodarī.

    3. Vṛittisaṅksepa. a. Dravya. h. Kṣetra. c. Kāḷa. d. Bhāva.

    4. Rasatyāga.

    5. Kāyakleśa.

    6. Saṁlīnatā. a. Indriya saṁlīnatā. b. Kaṣāya saṁlīnatā. c. Yoga saṁlīnatā. d. Viviktaċaryā.

    Six Interior (Ābhyantara) Austerities.

    1. Prayaścitta.

    2. Vinaya. a. Jñāna vinaya. b. Darśana c. Ċāritra d. Mana e. Vaċana f. Kāya g. Kalpa

    3. Vaiyāvaċċa (Vaiyāvṛitya). 4. Svādhyāya.

    5. Dhyāna. Ārta dhyāna. Raudra dhyana. evil.

    Dharma dhyāna. Śukla dhyāna. good.

    6. Utsarga. ​Ninth Category: MOKṢA.

    Inhabited by Fifteen Kinds of Siddha.

    • 1. Jina Siddha.
    • 2. Ajina Siddha.
    • 3. Tīrtha Siddha.
    • 4. Atīrtha Siddha.
    • 5. Gṛihaliṅga Siddha.
    • 6. Anyaliṅga Siddha.
    • 7. Svaliṅga Siddha.
    • 8. Pūlliṅga Siddha.
    • 9. Strīliṅga Siddha.
    • 10. Napuṁsakaliṅga Siddha.
    • 11. Buddhabohī Siddha.
    • 12. Pratyekabuddha Siddha.
    • 13. Svayambuddha Siddha.
    • 14. Eka Siddha.
    • 15. Aneka Siddha.

    End of the Nine Categories.


    Analysis of Karma.

    Four Sources of Karma.

    • Avirati.
    • Kaṣāya.
    • Yoga.
    • Mithyātva.

    Eight Kinds of Karma.

    • A. Ghātin Karma.
      • 1. Jñānāvaraṇīya karma.
        • a. Matijñānāvaraṇīya.
          • Utpātikī.
          • Vainayikī.
          • Pāriṇāmikī.
          • Kāmikī.
        • b. Śrutajñānāvaraṇīya.
        • c. Manaḥparyāyajñānāvaraṇīya.
        • d. Avadhijñānāvaraṇīya.
        • e. Kevalajñānāvaraṇīya.
        • f. Mati ajñāna.
        • g. Śruta ajñāna.
        • h. Vibhaṅga jñāna. ​

    2. Darśanāvaraṇīya karma.

    3. Mohanīya karma.

    Some of the twenty-eight divisions:

    Mithyātvamohanīya karma. Miśramohanīya karma. Samyaktvamohanīya karma. Darśanamohanīya karma. Ċāritramohanīya karma.

    4. Antarāya karma.

    B. Aghātin karma.

    5. Vedanīya karma.

    Sātavedanīya. Aśātavedanīya.

    6. Āyu karma.

    a. Deva āyu karma.

    Jyotiṣī āyu karma. Vyantara āyu karma. Vaimānika āyu karma. Bhavanapati āyu karma.

    b. Manuṣya āyu karma.

    Karmabhūmi

    Asi, Masi, Kasi

    Akarmabhūmi.


    c. Tiryañċ āyu karma.

    d. Naraka āyu karma.

    7. Nāma karma.

    8. Gotra karma.

    Three Tenses of Karma.

    Sattā karma. Bandha karma. Udaya karma.

    Two types of Karma.

    Nikāċita and Śithila karma.

    Fourteen Steps of Liberation from Karma.

    (Ċauda Guṇasthānaka.) 1. Mithyātva guṇasthānaka. Vyaktamithyātva guṇasthānaka. Avyaktamithyātva guṇasthānaka.

    2. Sāśvāsadana guṇasthānaka. ​3. Miśra guṇasthānaka. 4. Aviratisamyagdṛiṣṭi guṇasthānaka. 5. Deśavirati (or Saṁyatāsaṁyata) guṇasthānaka. a. Jaghanya deśavirati. b. Madhyama deśavirati. c. Utkṛiṣṭa deśavirati. 6. Pramatta guṇasthānaka. 7. Apramatta guṇasthānaka. 8. Niyatibādara (or Apūrvakaraṇa) guṇasthānaka. 9. Aniyatibādara guṇasthānaka. 10. Sūkṣmasamparāya guṇasthānaka. 11. Upaśāntamoha guṇasthānaka. 12. Kṣīṇamoha guṇasthānaka. 13. Sayogikevalī guṇasthānaka. 14. Ayogikevalī guṇasthānaka.

​

II. THE TWENTY-FOUR TĪRTHAṄKARA OF THE PRESENT AGE[1]

Name. Colour. Cognizance. Attendant Spirits. Born at. Died at.
 1. Ṛiṣabhadeva or Ādinātha Yellow or Golden Bull Gomukha and Ċakreśvarī Vinītānagara Aṣṭāpada.
 2. Ajitanātha Yellow or Golden Elephant Mahāyakṣa and Ajitabalā Ayodhyā Sameta Śikhara.
 3. Sambhavanātha Yellow or Golden Horse Trimukha and Duritārī (Digambara Prajñaptī) Śrāvastī Sameta Śikhara.
 4. Abhinandana Yellow or Golden Ape Nāyaka and Kālikā (Dig. Yakṣeśvara and Vajraśṛiṅkhalā) Ayodhyā Sameta Śikhara.
 5. Sumatinātha Yellow or Golden Red Goose or Partridge, or Curlew Tumburu and Mahākālī (Dig. Puruṣadattā) Ayodhyā Sameta Śikhara.
 6. Padmaprabhu Red Red Lotus flower Kusuma and Śyāmā (Dig. Manovegā [Manoguptī]) Kauśāmbī Sameta Śikhara.
 7. Supārśvanātha Yellow or Golden Svastika Mātaṅga and Śāntā (Dig. Varanandi and Kālī) Benares Sameta Śikhara.
 8. Ċandraprabhu White Moon Vijaya and Bhṛikuṭī (Dig. Jvālāmālinī) Ċandrapura Sameta Śikhara.
 9. Suvidhinātha White Crocodile (? Dig. Crab) Ajita and Sutārakā (Dig. Mahākālī) Kānaṇḍīnagara Sameta Śikhara.
10. Śitaḷanātha Yellow or Golden Śrīvatsa figure (? Dig. Ficus religiosa) Brahmā and Aśokā (Dig. Mahānavī) Bhadrapura Sameta Śikhara.
11. Śreyāṁsanātha Yellow or Golden Rhinoceros Yakṣeṭa and Mānavī (Dig. Īśvara and Gaurī) Siṁhapura Sameta Śikhara. ​
12. Vāsupūjya Red Male Buffalo Kumāra and Ċaṇḍā (Dig. Gāndhārī) Ċampāpurī Ċampāpurī.
13. Vimaḷanātha Yellow or Golden Boar Ṣāṇmukha and Viditā (Dig. Vairoṭī) Kampīlyapura Sameta Śikhara.
14. Anantanātha Yellow or Golden Hawk (? Dig. Bear) Pātāla and Aṇkuśā (Dig. Anantamatī) Ayodhyā Sameta Śikhara.
15. Dharmanātha Yellow or Golden Thunderbolt Kinnara and Kandarpā (Dig. Mānasī) Ratnapurī Sameta Śikhara.
16. Śāntinātha Yellow or Golden Deer[2] Garuḍa and Nirvāṇī (Dig. Kimpuruṣa and Mahāmānasī) Gajapura or Hastināpura Sameta Śikhara.
17. Kunthunātha Yellow or Golden Goat Gandharva and Balā (Dig. Vijayā) Gajapura or Hastināpura Sameta Śikhara.
18. Aranātha Yellow or Golden Nandāvartta Diagram Yakṣeṭa and Dhaṇā (Dig. Kendra and Ajitā) Gajapura or Hastināpura Sameta Śikhara.
19. Mallinātha (acc. to the Śvetāmbara, a woman) Blue Water-jar Kubera and Dharaṇapriyā (Dig. Aparājitā) Mathurā Sameta Śikhara.
20. Munisuvrata Black Tortoise Varuṇa and Naradattā (Dig. Bahurūpiṇī) Rājagṛiha Sameta Śikhara.
21. Naminātha Yellow or Golden Blue Lotus (Dig. Aśoka tree) Bhṛikuṭi and Gandhārī (Dig. Ċāmuṇḍī) Mathurā Sameta Śikhara.
22. Neminātha Black Conch Shell Gomedha and Ambikā (Dig. Sarvāhna and Kūṣmāṇḍinī) Saurīpura Sameta Śikhara.
23. Pārśvanātha Blue Snake Pārśvayakṣa or Dharaṇendra and Padmāvatī Benares Sameta Śikhara.
24. Mahāvīra or Vardhamāna Yellow or Golden Lion Mātaṅga and Siddhāyikā Kuṇḍagrāma Pāvāpurī.

  1. ↑ For fuller particulars see Dr. Burgess's Appendix to Bühler, Indian Sect of the Jainas, pp. 66 ff.
  2. ↑ According to Burgess, Antelope.
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