The Myths of Mexico and Peru/Chapter IX

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The Myths of Mexico and Peru
by Lewis Spence

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1586472The Myths of Mexico and Peru — Chapter IXLewis Spence

INDEX AND GLOSSARY

NOTE ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE MEXICAN, MAYAN. AND PERUVIAN LANGUAGES

Mexican

As the Spanish alphabet was that first employed to represent Mexican or Nahuatl phonology, so Mexican words and names must be pronounced, for the most part, according to the Castilian system. An exception is the letter x, which in Spanish is sometimes written as j and pronounced as h aspirate; and in Nahuatl sometimes as in English, at other times as sh or s. Thus the word "Mexico" is pronounced by the aboriginal Mexican with the hard x, but by the Spaniard as "May-hee-co." The name of the native author Ixtlilxochitl is pronounced "Ishtlishotshitl," the ch being articulated as tsh, for euphony. Xochicalco is "So-chi-cal-co." The vowel sounds are pronounced as in French or Italian. The tl sound is pronounced with almost a click of the tongue.

Mayan

The Maya alphabet consists of twenty-two letters, of which j, ch, k, pp, th, tz are peculiar to the language, and cannot be properly pronounced by Europeans. It is deficient in the letters d,f, g,j, q, r, s. The remaining letters are sounded as in Spanish. The letter x occurring at the beginning of a word is pronounced ex. For example, Xbalanque is pronounced "Exbalanke." The frequent occurrence of elisions in spoken Maya renders its pronunciation a matter of great difficulty, and the few grammars on the language agree as to the hopelessness of conveying any true idea of the exact articulation of the language by means of written directions. Norman in his work entitled Rambles in Yucatan remarks: "This perhaps accounts for the disappearance of all grammars and vocabularies of the Maya tongue from the peninsula of Yucatan, the priests finding it much easier to learn the language directly from the Indian than to acquire it from books."

Peruvian

The two languages spoken in Peru in ancient times were the Quichua, or Inca, and the Aymara. These still survive. The former was the language of the Inca rulers of the country, but both sprang from one common linguistic stock. As these languages were first reduced to writing by means of a European alphabet, their pronunciation presents but little difficulty, the words practically being pronounced as they are written, having regard to the "Continental" pronunciation of the vowels. In Quichua the same sound is given to the intermediate 'c before a consonant and to the final c, as in "chacra" and "Pachacamac." The general accent is most frequently on the penultimate syllable

INDEX AND GLOSSARY

A

Aac, Prince. In the story of Queen Móo, 240, 244-245, 246
Acalan. District in Guatemala; race-movements and, 150
Acllacuna (Selected Ones). Body of maidens from whom victims for sacrifice were taken in Peru, 313
Aclla-huasi. Houses in which the Acllacuna lived, 313
Acolhuacan. District in Mexico,26
Acolhuans (or Acolhuaque) (People of the Broad Shoulder). Mexican race, 26; said to have founded Mexico, 26; a pure Nahua race, perhaps the Toltecs, 26; their supremacy, 48
Acolhuaque. See Acolhuans
Acosta, José de. Work on Mexican lore, 58
Acsumama. Guardian spirit of the potato plant in Peru, 295
Acxitl. Toltec king, son of Huemac II, 17, 19
Acxopil. Ruler of the Kiche, 158-159
Agoreros (or Mohanes). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles, 297-298, 314
Ahuizotl. Mexican king, 30
Ah-zotzils. a Maya tribe, 172
Akab-sib (Writing in the Dark). A bas-relief at El Castillo, Chichen-Itza, 190
Aké. Maya ruins at, 186-187
America. Superficial resemblance between peoples, customs, and art-forms of Asia and, I; civilisation, native origin of, 1-2, 3, 328; animal and plant life peculiar to, 2; man, origin of, in, 2; geographical connection between Asia and, 3; traditions of intercourse between Asia and, 3; Chinese Fu-Sang and, 3; possible Chinese and Japanese visits to. 3-4; Coronado's expedition to, 4; legends of intercourse between Europe and, 4; "Great Ireland”' probably the same as, 4; St. Brandan's voyage and, 4; reached by early Norsemen, 5; the legend of Madoc and, 5-6; early belief in, respecting incursions from the east, 6; prophecy of Chilan Balam recoming of white men to, 8
America, Central. Indigenous origin of civilisation of, I; legend of Toltec migration to, 20
Anahuac (By the Water). Native name of the Mexican plateau, 18. See Mexico
Ancestor-worship in Peru, 296
Andeans. The prehistoric civilisation of, 249-250; architectural remains of, 250
Antahuayllas. Peruvian tribe, 284
Antilia.Legends of, have no connection with American myth, 6
Anti-suyu. One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru, 255
Apinguela. Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and, 299
Apocatequil. Peruvian thunder-god, the "Prince of Evil"; in a creation-myth, 301-302
Apu-Ccapac (Sovereign Chief). Title of the Inca rulers, 248
"Apu-Ollanta." a drama-legend of the Incas, 251-253
Apurimac (Great Speaker). River in Peru; regarded as an oracle, 296
Aqua. A bird-maiden; in the myth of origin of the Canaris, 319
Arara (Fire-bird). Same as Kinich-ahau, which see
Architecture. I. Of the Nahua, 31-34. II. Of the Maya, 149-150, 178-198; the most individual expression of the people, 178; Yucatan exhibits the most perfect specimens, and the decadent phase, 178; methods of building, 178-179; ignorance of some first principles, 179; mural decoration 179; pyramidal buildings, 180 definiteness of design, 180 architectural districts, 181; not of great antiquity, 182; Father Burgoa on the palace at Mitla, 199-201. III. Of the Incas, 268-269; the art in which the race showed greatest advance, 268; Sir Clements Markham on, 269
Arriaga, P. J. de. On stone-worship in Peru, 293
Art. Early American, superficial resemblance to that of Asia, I; native origin and unique character of American, 1-2; Toltec, 23; Peruvians weak in, 248
Asia. Origin of early American culture erroneously attributed to, I; man originally came to America from, 2; former land-connection between America and, 3; traditions of intercourse between America and, 3
Ataguju. Supreme divinity of the Peruvians; in a creation-myth, 301
Atamalqualiztli (Fast of Porridge-balls and Water). Nahua festival, 77
Atatarho. Mythical wizard-king of the Iroquois, 72
Atauhuallpa. Son of the Inca Huaina Ccapac; strives for the crown with Huascar, 289-290
Atl(Water). Mexican deity; often confounded with the moon-goddess, 106
Atlantis. Legends of, have no connection with American myth, 6
Auqui (Warrior). Peruvian order of knighthood; instituted by Pachacutic, 287
Avendano, Hernandez de. And Peruvian fetishes, 295
Avilix. The god assigned to Balam-Agab in the Kiche story of the creation, 230; turned into stone, 231
Axaiacatzin, King. Father of Chachiuhnenetzin, the vicious wife of Nezahualpilli, 129
Axayacatl. Mexican king, 92
Aymara. Peruvian race, 254-255; fusion with Quichua, 285-286
Azangaro. The Sondor-huasi at, 269
Azcapozalco. Mexican town, 26; rivalry with Tezcuco, 49; Aztecs and, 52
Aztecs (or Azteca) (Crane People). A nomad Mexican tribe, 27, 50-51; racial affinities, 27; character, 27-28; Tlascalans and, 26; founders of Tenochtitlan (Mexico), 27; their science, 43; in bondage to Colhuacan, 51; allied with Tecpanecs, 51; war with Tecpanecs, 52; development of the empire, 52; commercial expansion, 52; their tyranny, 52-53; their conception of eternity, 55; the priesthood, 114-117; idea of the origin of mankind, 123; a migration myth of, 233
Aztlan (Crane Land). Traditional place of origin of Nahua, II; Aztecs and, 50, 233

B

Bacabs. Genii in Maya mythology, 170
Balam-Agab (Tiger of the Night). One of the first men of the Popol Vuh myth, 229, 230
Balam-Quitze (Tiger with the Sweet Smile). An ancestor of the Maya, 188; one of the first men of the Popol Vuh myth, 229, 230
Balon Zacab. Form of the Maya rain-god, 176
Bat. Typical of the underworld, 96
Bat-god. Maya deity, known also as Camazotz, 171-172
Birth-cycle. In Mexican calendar, 39, 41
Bochica. Sun-god of the Chibchas, 276
Bogota. City at which the Zippa of the Chibchas lived, 276
Boturini Benaduci, L. His work on Mexican lore, 58
Bourbourg, The Abbé Bras-
seur de. Version of Nahua flood-myth, 122-133
Brandan, St. Probable voyage to America, 4
Brinton, D. G. Theory as to the Toltecs, 21; on Quetzalcoatl, 81; translation of a poem on the Peruvian thunder god myth, and comments on the myth, 300-301
Burgoa, Father. Account of a confession ceremony, 108-110; description of Mitla, 199-206

C

Cabrakan (Earthquake) Son of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth in the Popol Vuh, 211, 213, 216-219
Cabrera, Don Felix. And the Popol Vuh, 207
Cachapucara. Hill; Thonapa and, 319-320
Caha-Paluma (Falling Water). One of the first women of thePopol Vuh myth, 230
Cakixa (Water of Parrots). One of the first women of the Popol Vuh myth, 230
Cakulha-Hurakan (Lightning). A sub-god of Hurakan, 237
Calderon, Don José. And Palenque, 182
Calendar. I. The Mexican, 38-41; an essential feature in the national life, 38; resemblance to Maya and Zapotec calendric systems, 38, 169; possible Toltec origin, 39; the year, 39; the "binding of years," 39, 40; the solar year, 39; the nemon- temi, 39; the "birth-cycle," 39, 41; the cempohualli, or"months," 39-40; the ecclesiastical system, 40; the xiu-malpilli, 40; the ceremony of toxilmolpilia, 41. II. The Maya; similarities to calendar of the Nahua, 38, 169. III. The Peruvian, 265-266, 313
Callca. Place in Peru; sacred rocks found at, 293
Camaxtli. War-god of the Tlascalans, 111
Camazotz. The bat-god, called also Zotzilaha Chimalman, 171-172, 226; a totem of the Ah-zotzils, a Maya tribe, 172
Camulatz. Bird in the Kiche story of the creation, 209
Canaris. Indian tribe; the myth of their origin, 318-319
Canek. King of Chichen-Itza; the story of, 189
Cannibalism. Among the Mexicans, 45
Capacahuana. Houses for pilgrims to Titicaca at, 311
Carapucu. I. Hill; in myth of Thonapa, 320. II. Lake; in myth of Thonapa, 320
Caravaya. Mountain; in myth of Thonapa, 320
Carmenca. The hill of, at Cuzco; pillars on, for determining the solstices, 265-266, 287
Caruyuchu Huayallo. Peruvian deity to whom children were sacrificed; in a myth of Paricaca, 326
Casa del Adivino (The Prophet's House). Ruin at Uxmal, called also "The Dwarf's House," 192; the legend relating to, 192-194
Casa del Gobernador (Governor's Palace). Ruin at Uxmal, 191
Casas Grandes (Large Houses). Mexican ruin, 32
Castillo, El. Ruined pyramid-temple at Chichen-Itza, 188, 190
Cauac. A minor Maya deity, 170
Cavillaca. A maiden; the myth of Coniraya Viracocha and, 321-323
Caxamarca. Inca fortress, 290
Cay Hun-Apu (Royal Hunter). The Kakchiquels and the defeat of, 159
Ccapac-cocha. Sacrificial rite, instituted by Pachacutic, 286
Ccapac-Huari. Eleventh Inca, 288, 289
Ccapac Raymi. The chief Peruvian festival, 267; Auqui, order of knighthood, conferred at, 287
Ccapac Situa (or Ccoya Raymi) (Moon Feast). Peruvian festival, 267
Ccapac Yupanqui. Fifth Inca, 283
Ccompas. Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians, 294
Cempohualli. The Mexican month, 40
Centeotl. I. Group of maize-gods, 85. II. A male maize-spirit, 85, 90; God E similar to, 174. III. Mother of II, known also as Teteoinnan and Tocitzin. 85, 90
Centzonuitznaua. Mythical Indian tribe; in myth of Huitzilopochtli's origin, 70-72
Chac. Maya rain-god, tutelar of the east, 170; has affinities with Tlaloc, 176; God K not identical with, 176
Chacamarca. River in Peru; Thonapa and, 320
Chachiuhnenetzin. Wife of Nezahualpilli. 129-132
Chacras. Estates dedicated to the sun by the Peruvians, 310
Chalcas. Aztec tribe, 233
Chalchihuitlicue (Lady of the Emerald Robe). Wife of Tlaloc, 75, 77, 110; assists the maize-goddess, 86
Chalchiuh Tlatonac (Shining Precious Stone). First king of the Toltecs, 14
"Chamayhuarisca" (The Song of Joy). Manco Ccapac sings, 321
Chanca. A Peruvian people; and the Incas, 282
Charnay, D. Excavations on the site of Teotihuacan, 33; excavations at Tollan, 34; and Lorillard, 195
Chasca. The Peruvian name for the planet Venus; the temple of, at Cuzco. 262
Chiapas. Mexican province; the nucleus of Maya civilisation lay in, 144, 149
Chibchas. A Peruvian race, 275-277
Chichan-Chob. Ruin at Chichen-Itza, 189
Chichen-Itza. Sacred city of the Maya; founded by Itzaes, 153; overthrown by Cocomes, 153, 155; assists in conquering Cocomes. 156; abandoned, 156; ruins at, 188-190; and the story of Canek, 189
Chichicastenango. The Convent of; and the Popol Vuh, 207
Chichics. Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians, 294
Chichimecs. Aztec tribe; invade Toltec territory, 18; the great migration, 20; supreme in Toltec country, 20; probably related to Otomi, 25; allied with Nahua and adopt Nahua language, 26; conquered by Tecpanecs, 51
Chicomecohuatl (Seven-serpent). Chief maize-goddess of Mexico, 85-88; image of, erroneously called Teoyaominqui by early Americanists, 88-90
Chicomoztoc (The Seven Caverns). Nahua said to have originated at, 11; and Aztec idea of origin of mankind, 123; identified with "seven cities of Cibola" and the Casas Grandes, 123; parallel with the Kiche Tulan-Zuiva, 230
Chicuhcoatl. In the story of the vicious princess, 130
Chihuahua. Mexican province, 31
Chilam Balam. Maya priest; the prophecy of, 8
Chimalmat. Wife of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth, 211-213
Chimalpahin. Mexicanchronicler, 42
Chimu. The plain of; ruined city on, 271; the palace, 271-272; the ruins display an advanced civilisation, 272-273
Chinchero. Inca ruins at, 269
Chipi-Cakulha (Lightning-flash). A sub-god of Hurakan, 237
Choima (Beautiful Water). One of the first women of the Popol Vuh myth, 230
Cholula. Sacred city inhabited by Acolhuans, 47, 48; the pottery of, 23
Chontals. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23
Choque Suso. Maiden; the myth of Paricaca and, 327
Chulpas. Megalithic mummy tombs of Peru, 263
Churoquella. a name of the Peruvian thunder-god, 299
"Citadel," The, at Teotihuacan, 33
Citallatonac. Mexican deity; in a flood-myth, 123
Citallinicue. Mexican deity; in a flood-myth, 123
Citatli (Moon). A form of the Mexican moon-goddess, 106
Citlalpol (The Great Star). Mexican name of the planet Venus, 96
Citoc Raymi (Gradually Increasing Sun). Peruvian festival, 312-313
Ciuapipiltin (Honoured Women). Spirits of women who had died in childbed, 108, 138
Civilisation. I. Of Mexico, 1-53; indigenous origin of, I; type of, 9. II. Of Peru, 248-290; indigenous origin of, 1,259; inferior to the Mexican and Mayan, 248. III. Of the Andeans, 249
Clavigero, The Abbé. His work on Mexican lore, 57-58
"Cliff-dwellers." Mexican race related to the Nahua, 24, 25
Cliff Palace Cañon, Colorado, 229
Coaapan. Place in Mexico, 65
Coatepec. I. Mexican province, 62, 63. II. Mountain, 70
Coati. An island on Lake Titicaca; ruined temple on, 270-271
Coatlantona (Robe of Serpents). A name of Coatlicue, Huitzilopochtli's mother, 73
Coatlicue. Mother of Huitzilopochtli, 70-71; as Coatlantona, 73
Cocamama. Guardian spirit of the coca-shrub in Peru 295
Cochtan. Place in Mexico, 65
Cocochallo. An irrigation channel; in a myth of Paricaca, 327
Cocomes. A tribe inhabiting Mayapan; overthrow Chichen-Itza, 153; their tyranny and sway, 154-155; conquered by allies, 156; remnant found Zotuta, 156
Codex Perezianus. Maya manuscript, 160
Cogolludo, D. Lopez. And the story of Canek, 189
Coh, Prince. In the story of Queen Móo, 240, 244, 246
Cohuatzincatl (He who has Grandparents). A pulque-god,
Colcampata, The, at Cuzco. The palace on, 269
Colhuacan. I. Mexican city,20, 26, 233. II. King of; father of the sacrificed princess, 124
Colla-suyu. One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru, 255
Con. Thunder-god of Collao of Peru, 78, 299
Confession among the Mexicans, 106, 108; Tlazolteotl the goddess of, 106; accounts of the ceremony, 106-110
Coniraya Viracocha. A Peruvian nature-spirit; the myth of Cavillaca and, 321-323
Contici (The Thunder Vase). Peruvian deity representing the thunderstorm, 301
Conticsi-Viracocha (He who gives Origin). Peruvian conception of the creative agency, 304
Conti-suyu. One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru, 255
Copacahuana. Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca, 298
Copacati. Idol associated with the worship of Lake Titicaca, 298
Copal. Prince; in legend of foundation of Mexico, 28
Copan. Maya city; sculptural remains at, 196; evidence at, of a new racial type, 196-197
Coricancha (Town of Gold). Temple of the sun at Cuzco, 260-262; built by Pachacutic, 286; image of the thunder-god in, 300
Cortés. Lands at Vera Cruz, 7; mistaken for Quetzalcoatl, 7, 80; the incident of the death of his horse at Peten-Itza, 195
Cotzbalam. Bird in the Kiche story of the creation, 209
Coxoh Chol dialect, 145
Coyohuacan. Mexican city, 50
Coyolxauhqui. Daughter of Coatlicue, 70-72
Coyotl inaual. A god of the Amantecas; and Quetzalcoatl, 79
Cozaana. A Zapotec deity; in creation-myth, 121
Cozcaapa (Water of Precious Stones). A fountain; in a Quetzalcoatl myth, 65
Cozcatzin Codex, 92
Cozumel. The island of, 154
Creation. Mexican conceptions of, 118-120; the legend given by Ixtlilxochitl, 119-120; the Mixtec legend of, 120-121; the Zapotec legend of, 121-122; the Kiche story of, in the Popol Vuh, 209; of man, the Popol Vuh myth of, 229-230; of man, a Peruvian myth of, 256; the Inca conception of, 257-258, 305; local Peruvian myths, 258-259
Cross, The. A symbol of the four winds in Mexico and Peru, 273; account of the discovery of a wooden, 274-275
Cuchumaquiq. Father of Xquiq; in Popol Vuh myth, 222
Cuitlavacas. Aztec tribe, 233
Curi-Coyllur (Joyful Star). Daughter of Yupanqui Pachacutic; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 251-253
Cuycha. Peruvian name for the rainbow; temple of, at Cuzco, 262
Cuzco (Navel of the Universe). The ancient capital of the Incas, 248; and the racial division of Peru, 255; in the legend of Manco Ccapac, 256; a great culture-centre, 256; founded by the sun-god, 258; the Coricancha at, 260-262; power under Pachacutic, 285

D

Discovery. American myths relating to the, 6
Dresden Codex. Maya manuscript, 160
Drink-gods, Mexican, 104-105
"Dwarf's House, The." Ruin at Uxmal, 192; legend relating to, 192-194

E

Earth-Mother. See Teteoinnan
Education. In Mexico, 115-116
Ehecatl (The Air). Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84
Ekchuah. Maya god of merchants and cacao-planters, 170, 177; God L thought to be, 176; probably parallel to Yacatecutli, 177
"Emerald Fowl," The, 186
Etzalqualiztli (When they eat Bean Food). Festival of Tlaloc, 77

F

Father and Mother Gods, Mexican, 103-104
Fire-god, Mexican, 95
Fish-gods, Peruvian, 306
Flood-myths, 122-123, 323-324
Food-gods, Mexican, 91
Foörstemann, Dr. And the Maya writing, 162, 163; on God L, 176
Fu Sang and America, 3

G

Gama, Antonio. His work on Mexican lore and antiquities, 58
Ghanan. Name given to God E by Brinton, 174
God A of Dr. Schellhas' system; a death-god, 172-173; thought to resemble the Aztec Xipe, 174
God B. Doubtless Quetzalcoatl, 173
God C. a god of the pole-star, 173
God D. a moon-god, probably Itzamna, 173
God E. a maize-god, similar to Centeotl, 174
God F. Resembles God A, 174
God G. a sun-god, 174
God H. 174
God K. Probably a god of the Quetzalcoatl group, 175-176
God L. Probably an earth-god, 176
God M. Probably a god of travelling merchants, 176-177
God N. Probably god of the "unlucky days," 177
God P. a frog-god, 177
Goddess I. A water-goddess, 175
Goddess O. Probably tutelar of married women, 177
Gods. Connection of, with war and the food-supply, 74; Nahua conception of the limited productivity of food and rain deities, 77; American myth rich in hero-gods, 237
Gomara, F. L. de. Work on Mexican lore, 58
Guachimines (Darklings). Inhabitants of the primeval earth in Peruvian myth, 301
Guamansuri. The first of mortals in Peruvian myth, 301
Guatemala. I. The state; the Maya of, 157-159. II. The city; the lost Popol Vuh found in, 207
Gucumatz (Serpent with Green Feathers). Kiche form of Quetzalcoatl, worshipped in Guatemala, 83, 167, 236; in the Kiche story of the creation, 209
Gwyneth, Owen, father of Madoc, 5

H

Hacavitz. I. The god assigned to Mahacutah in the Kiche story of the creation, 230; turned into stone, 231. II. Mountain at which the Kiche first saw the sun, 231
Hakluyt. His English Voyages, cited, 5
Hastu-huaraca. Chieftain of the Antahuayllas; defeated by Pachacutic, 284-285; joins with Pachacutic, 285
Henry VII. His patronage of early American explorers, 6
Hernandez, Father. And the goddess Ix chebel yax, 170
House of Bats. Abode of the bat-god, 171; mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 226
House of Cold. In the Kiche Hades, 226
House of Darkness. Ruin at Aké, 186
House of Feathers. Toltec edifice, 15
House of Fire. In the Kiche Hades, 226
House of Gloom. In the Kiche Hades, 221, 225
House of Lances. In the Kiche Hades, 226
House of Tigers. In the Kiche Hades, 226
Hrdlicka, Dr. And Mexican cliff-dwellings, 24
Huacaquan. Mountain; in the myth of origin of the Canaris, 318
Huacas. Sacred objects of the Peruvians, 294
Huaina Ccapac (The Young Chief). Eleventh Inca, 7, 288-289; and the lake-goddess of Titicaca, 299
Huamantantac. Peruvian deity-responsible for the gathering of sea-birds, 296
Huanca. Peruvian race; allied against the Incas, 282, 285
Huancas. Agricultural fetishes of the Peruvians, 294
Huantay-sara. Idol representing the tutelary spirit of the maize plant, 295
Huarcans. The Inca Tupac and, 288
Huarco (The Gibbet). The valley of; the Inca Tupac and the natives of, 288
Huaris (Great Ones). Ancestors of the aristocrats of a tribe in Peru; reverence paid to, 296
Huarochiri. Village; in Coniraya myth, 323
Huascar, or Tupaccusi-huallpa (The Sun makes Joy). Son of the Inca Huaina Ccapac, 7; strives for the crown with Atauhuallpa, 289-290
Huasteca. Aboriginal Mexican race of Maya stock, 23, 147-148; probably represent early Maya efforts at colonisation, 147
Huatenay. River in Peru; runs through the Intipampa at Cuzco, 261
Huathiacuri. A hero, son of Paricaca; a myth of, 324-326
Huatulco. Place in Mexico; Toltecs at, 12
Huehuequauhtitlan. Place in Mexico; Quetzalcoatl at, 64
Huehueteotl (Oldest of Gods). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95
Huehue Tlapallan (Very Old Tlapallan). In Toltec creation-myth, 119
Huehuetzin. Toltec chieftain; rebels against Acxitl, 18,19
Huemac II. Toltec king, 15, 16; abdicates, 17; opposes Huehuetzin, 19
Huexotzinco. Mexican city, 48, 49
Huexotzincos. Aztec tribe, 233
Hueymatzin (Great Hand). Toltec necromancer and sage, 14; reputed author of the Teo-Amoxtli, 46; and Quetzalcoatl, 84
Hueytozoztli (The Great Watch). Festival of Chicomecohuatl, 86
Huichaana. Zapotec deity; in creation-myth, 121, 122
Huillcamayu (Huillca-river). River in Peru; regarded as an oracle, 296
Huillcanuta. Place in Peru, 311
Huillcas. Sacred objects of the nature of oracles, in Peru, 296
Huitzilimitzin. In the story of the vicious princess, 130
Huitzilopocho. Mexican city, 50
Huitzilopochtli (Humming-bird to the Left). Aztec god of war, originally a chieftain, 28, 70; and the foundation of Mexico, 28; the great temple of, at Mexico, 30, 31; plots against the Toltecs and Quetzalcoatl, 60; and the legend of the amusing infant and the pestilence, 63-64; myth of the origin of, 70-72; associated with the serpent and the humming-bird, 72-73; as usually represented, 73; associated with the gladiatorial stone, 73; as Mexitli, 74; as serpent-god of lightning, associated with the summer, 74; in connection with Tlaloc, 74; the Toxcatl festival of, 74; the priesthood of, 75; in connection with the legend of the sacrificed princess, 124
Hun-Apu (Master, or Magician). A hero-god, twin with Xbalanque; in a Kiche myth, 211-219; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220, 223-227; mentioned, 237
Hun-Came. One of the rulers of Xibalba, the Kiche Hades, 220, 221, 224
Hunabku. God of the Maya, representing divine unity, 171
Hunac Eel. Ruler of the Cocomes, 155
Hunbatz. Son of Hunhun-Apu, 220, 222, 223
Hunchouen. Son of Hunhun-Apu, 220, 222, 223
Hunhun-Apu. Son of Xpiyacoc and Xmucane; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220-222, 224, 225, 227
Hunpictok (Commander-in-Chief of Eight Thousand Flints). The palace of, at Itzamal, 187-188
Hunsa. City at which the Zoque of the Chibchas lived, 276
Hurakan (The One-legged). Maya god of lightning; prototype of Tlaloc, 76, 78; the mustachioed image of, at Itzamal, 188; = the mighty wind, in the Kiche story of the creation, 209; and the creation of man in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 229-230; probably same as Nahua Tezcatlipoca, 237; his sub-gods, 237

I

Icutemal. Ruler of the Kiche, 159
Ilhuicatlan (In the Sky). Column in temple at Mexico, connected with the worship of the planet Venus, 96
Illatici (The Thunder Vase), Peruvian deity representing the thunderstorm, 301
Inca Roca. Sixth Inca, 283
Incas (People of the Sun). The Peruvian ruling race; a composite people, 254; place of origin, 254; inferior to the Mexicans in general culture, 248; mythology of, 255-258, 317-327; character of their civilisation, 259; no personal freedom, 260; age of marriage, 260; their system of mummification, 262-264; severity of their legal code, 264; social system, 264-265; calendar, 265-266; religious festivals, 267; architecture, 268-269; architectural remains, 270-273; irrigation works, 273; possessed no system of writing, 278; the quipos, 278-279; as craftsmen, 279-281; the pottery of, 280-281; period and extent of their dominion, 281-282; fusion of the constituent peoples, 285-285; splitting of the race, 286; their despotism, 290; religion of, 291; sun-worship of, 307-131
Incas. The rulers of Peru, 282-290; the Inca the representative of the sun, 260; unlimited power of, 260; the moon the mythic mother of the dynasty, 262
Inti-huasi. Building sacred to the sun in Peruvian villages, 308
Intihuatana, Inca device for marking the date of the sun-festivals, 265
Intip Raymi (Great Feast of the Sun). Peruvian festival, 267, 311-312
Intipampa (Field of the Sun), Garden in which the Coricancha of Cuzco stood, 260-261
Ipalnemohuani (He by whom Men Live). Mexican name of the sun-god, 97
Ioi-Balam (Tiger of the Moon). One of the first men of the ‘‘Popol Vuh’’ myth, 229, 230
Irma. District in Peru; local creation-myth of, 258-259
Itzaes. a warlike race, founders of Chichen-Itza, 153
Itzamal. Maya city-state in Yucatan, 8, 152, 154; ruins at, 187-188
Itzamna. Maya moon -god, father of gods and men, tutelar of the west, 170; founder of the state of Itzamal, 152; God D probably is, 173; the temple of, at Itzamal, 187; called also Kab-ul (The Miraculous Hand), 187; the gigantic image of, at Itzamal, 188
Ix. A minor Maya deity, 170
Ix chebel yax. Maya goddess; identified with Virgin Mary by Hernandez, 170
Ix ch'el. Maya goddess of medicine, 170
Ixcoatl. Mexican king, 35
Ixcuiname. Mexican goddesses of carnal things, 108
Ixtlilton (The Little Black One). Mexican god of medicine and healing, 112; called brother of Macuilxochitl, 112
Ixtlilxochitl, Don Fernando de Alva. Mexican chronicler, II, 46; account of the early Toltec migrations, 11, 12; and myths of the Toltecs, 13; reference to the Teo-Amoxtli, 45; his Historia Chichimeca and Relaciones, 46, 58; his value as historian, 46; legend of the creation related by, 119-120
Izimin Chac. The image of Cortés' horse, 195
Izpuzteque. Demon in the Mexican Other-world, 38
Iztacmixcohuatl. Father of Quetzalcoatl, 79

J

Jaguar-Snake. Mixtec deer-goddess; in creation-myth, 120
Jalisco. Mexican province; cliff-dwellings in, 24, 25

K

Kabah. Maya city; ruins at, 190-191
Kab-ul (The Miraculous Hand). Name given to Itzamna, 187
Kakchiquel dialect, 145
Kakchiquels. a Maya people of Guatemala, 157-159; and the episode of the defeat of Cay Hun-Apu, 159
"Kamucu" (We see). The song of the Kiche at the first appearance of the sun, and at death of the first men, 232
Kan. A minor Maya deity, 170
Kanikilak. Indian deity, 83, 84
Ki Pixab (Corner of the Earth). Name given by the Kiche to their land of origin, 254
Kiche. A Maya people of Guatemala, 157-159; their rulers supreme in Guatemala, 158; their story of the creation as related in the Popol Vuh, 209; origin of, as related in the Popol Vuh, 229-230; fond of ceremonial dances and chants, 238
Kiche (or Quiche) dialect, 145, 209; the Popol Vuh originally written in, 207, 209
"Kingdom of the GreatSnake." Semi-historical Maya empire, 144
Kinich-ahau (Lord of the Face of the Sun). Same as Arara and Kinich-Kakmno. Sun-god of the Maya of Yucatan, tutelar of the north, 170
Kinich-Kakmo (Sun-bird). I. Same as Kanich-ahau, which see. II. The pyramid of, ruin at Itzamal, 187
Klaproth, H. J. von. And the Fu Sang fallacy, 3
Knuc (Palace of Owls). Ruin at Aké, 186
Kuicatecs. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24; a medium through which Maya civilisation filtered to the north, 147
Kukulcan. Maya form of Quetzalcoatl, 83, 167; regarded as King of Mayapan, 152
Kumsnöotl. God of the Salish Indians, 83

L

Lamacazton (Little Priests). Lowest order of the Aztec priesthood, 116
Landa, Bishop. And the Maya alphabet, 161; discovers the Maya numeral system, 165
"Lands of the Sun." Name given to Inca territories, 308
Language. Mexican or Nahuan, 42-43, 342; Mayan, 161, 342; Peruvian, 342
Le Plongeon, Dr. Augustus. His theories as to the Maya, 239; and the Maya hieroglyphs, 239; his story of Queen Móo, 239-247
Leguicano, Mancio Serra de. And the golden plate from the Coricancha, 262
Liyobaa. Village near Mitla; mentioned by Father Burgoa, 204
Lizana, Father. And the prophecy of Chilan Balam, 8
Llama. Importance of, among the Incas, 268
Lloque Yupanqui. The third Inca, 283
Lorillard. Maya city; architectural remains found at, 195

M

Macuilxochitl (or Xochipilli) (Five-Flower, Source of Flowers). God of luck in gaming, 103; Ixtlilton called brother of, 112
Madoc. The legend of, 5, 6
Mahacutah (The Distinguished Name). One of the first men of the ‘‘Popol Vuh’’ myth, 229, 230
Maize-gods. Mexican, 85-91; Peruvian, 295
Mallinalcas. Aztec tribe, 233
Mama Oullo Huaca. Wife of Manco Ccapac, 256
Mama-cocha (Mother-sea). Conception under which the Peruvians worshipped the sea, 306
Mamacota. Name given to Lake Titicaca by people of the Collao, 298
Mamacuna. Matrons who had charge of the Acllacuna, in Peru, 313
Mamapacha (or Pachamama). The Peruvian earth-goddess, 303
Mamas (Mothers). Tutelary spirits of the maize and other plants in Peru, 295
Mames. District in Guatemala, 158
Man of the Sun. Quetzalcoatl as, 81; other conceptions of, 82
Manco. The Inca appointed by Pizarro; and an oracle, 302-303
Manco Ccapac. I. Divine being, son of the Life-giver; sent to instruct the primitive Peruvians, 255-256; a legend in connection with, 256. II. The first Inca, identical with the foregoing, 282, 283; regarded as son of the sun, 306; a myth of, 320-321
Mani. Mexican city, founded by the Tutul Xius, 155
Mannikins. In the Kiche story of the creation related in the Popol Vuh, 209-210
Markham, Sir Clements. On Inca architecture, 269
Matlatzincas. Aztec tribe, 233
Maxtla. I. King of the Tecpanecs; and Nezahualcoyotl, 125-128. II. A noble; in the story of the vicious princess, 130
Maya. The most highly civilised of ancient American peoples, I, 143; their culture erroneously stated to be of Asiatic origin, I; theory as to Toltec relationship, 143; sphere of the civilisation, 144; the nucleus of the civilisation, 144-145, 149; the dialects, 145; origin of the race, 145, their civilisation self-developed, 143, 146; blood and cultural relationships with Nahua, 146-147; efforts at expansion, 147-148; climatic influence on the civilisation and religion, 148; sources of their history, 148-149; division of the aristocratic and labouring classes, 150; influence of the Nahua invasions, 151; cleavage between Yucatan and Guatemala peoples, 151; the Yucatec race, 151-152; incidents in migration myths represent genuine experience, 152; the race in Guatemala, 157; the writing system, 159-166; the manuscripts, 160-161; the numeral system, 165; the mythology, 166-169, 207-247; the calendar, 38, 39, 169; the pantheon, 168, 170-177; architecture, 178-198; relationship of the mythology to that of the Nahua, 166; Dr. Le Plongeon's theories as to, 239
Mayapan. City-state in Yucatan, 152; rises into prominence, 153 155; overthrown by allies, 156
Mayta Ccapac. The fourth Inca, 283
Meahuan, Mount. In the Kiche myth of Vukub-Cakix, 216
Medicine-men. Account of the methods of, among Peruvians, 314-315
Metztli (or Yohualticitl) (The Lady of Night). Mexican goddess of the moon, 106; in myth of Nanahuatl, 93, 106
Mexicatl Teohuatzin (Mexican Lord of Divine Matters). Head of the Aztec priesthood, 116
Mexico. I. The city; capital of the Aztecs, native name Tenochtitlan, 26, 47; origin of the name, 73; said to have been founded by Acolhuans, 26; Huitzilopochtli and, 28, 73; legends of the foundation of, 28-29; at the period of the conquest, 29-30; the annual "bloodless battle" with Tlascala, 48. II. The state; the civilisation of, 1, 9; possibly reached by early Norsemen, 5
Mexico-Tenochtitlan. Native name of city of Mexico, 29
Mexitli (Hare of the Aloes). A name of Huitzilopochtli, 74
Mictecaciuatl. Wife of Mictlan, 96
Mictlan (or Mictlanteculti) (Lord of Hades). I. Mexican god of the dead and the underworld, 37, 76, 95-96; God A probably identical with, 173. II. The abode of the god Mictlan; Mitla identified with, 198. III. Village mentioned by Torquemada, 199
Migration Myths. Probably reflect actual migrations, 234-235
Mitla. Maya city, 31, 144; ruins at, 197-198; identified with Mictlan, the Mexican Hades, 198; description of, by Father Torquemada, 199; description of, by Father Burgoa, 199-206
Mixcoatl (Cloud Serpent). Aztec god of the chase, 110-111; Camaxtli identified with, 111
Mixe. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24
Mixteca. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23; creation-myth of, 120-121; a medium through which Maya civilisation passed north, 147
Moche. Place in Peru; sepulchral mound at, 271
Mohanes (or Agoreros). Members of Peruvian tribes who claimed power as oracles, 297-298, 314
Moneneque (The Claimer of Prayer). A name of Tezcatlipoca, 67
Montezuma II. Mexican emperor, native name Motequauhzoma; mentioned, 35, 44; and the coming of Cortés, 7; in the story of Tlalhuicole, 136-137; in the story of Princess Papan, 139-142
Móo, Queen. The story of, 239-247
Moon, The. Mythic mother of the Inca dynasty, 262; temple of, at Cuzco, 261-262; wife, of the sun, in the mythology of the Chibchas, 276
Muluc. A minor Maya deity, 170
Mummification. Among the Peruvians, 262-264

N

Nadaillac, Marquis de. Account of the use of quipos, 278-279
Nahua (Those who live by Rule). Ancient Mexican race, 9; civilisation, features in, and character of, 9, 146, 148; compared with Oriental peoples, 10; meaning of the name, 10; place of origin, 10-11; route of migrations to Mexico, 12; theory of Toltec influence upon, 22; and cliff-dwellers, 24-25; territories occupied by, 25; writing system of, 34-35; calendric system of, 38-41; language of, 42-43; science of, 43; form of government, 43-44; domestic life of, 44-45; distribution of the component tribes, 47; authentic history of the nation, 48-53; religion, 54; Tezcatlipoca and, 67; influence of the Maya civilisation upon, 147; culture and religion influenced by climatic conditions, 148; invade Maya territory, 150-151; influence Maya cleavage, 151; in the Maya conflict in Guatemala, 159; the relationship of the mythology of, to that of the Maya, 166; difference in sun-worship of, from Peruvian, 307-308
Nahuatlatolli. The Nahua tongue, 25
Nanahuatl (Poor Leper) (or Nanauatzin). Mexican god of skin diseases, 93; the myth of, 93; Xolotl probably identical with, 93
Nanauatzin. Same as Nanahuatl, which see
Nanihehecatl. Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84
Nata. The Mexican Noah, 122-123
Nauhollin (The Four Motions). Mexican sacrificial ceremonies, 99
Nauhyotl. Toltec ruler of Colhuacan, 20
Nemontemi (unlucky days). In Mexican calendar, 39, 40
Nena. Wife of Nata, the Mexican Noah, 122-123
Nexiuhilpilitztli (binding of years). In Mexican calendar, 39, 40
Nextepehua. Fiend in the Mexican Other-world, 38
Nezahualcoyotl (Fasting Coyote). King of Tezcuco; the story of, 125-128; his enlightened rule, 128; as a poet, 128; his theology, 128; and his son's offence, 129; his palace, 132; his villa of Tezcotzinco, 133-136
Nezahualpilli (The Hungry Chief). I. A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66. II. Son of Nezahualcoyotl; story of his wife's crime, 129-132; in the story of Princess Papan, 140
Nima-Kiche. The ancestor of the Kiche race; the legend of, 158
Ninxor-Carchah. Place in Guatemala; mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 224
Nitiçapoloa. Ceremony connected with worship of Centeotl the son, 90
Nonohualco. Place in Mexico; Tutul Xins may have come from, 153
Norsemen. Voyages of the, to America, 5
Nunnery. The ruin at Chichen-Itza, 189-190

O

Obsequies. In Peru; a description of, 316-317
Ocosingo. Ruined Maya city, 149
Ollanta. Inca chieftain; in the drama. Apu-Ollanta, 251-253
Ollantay-Tampu. Prehistoric ruins at, 250-251; Apu-Ollanta, the drama legend of, 251-253
Omacatl (Two Reeds). Mexican god of festivity, 11 2-1 13
Omeciuatl. Mexican mother god of the human species, associated with Ometecutli, 103-104, 118; Xmucane the Kiche equivalent of, 236
Ometecutli (Two-Lord). Father god of the human species, associated with Omeciuatl, 103-104, 118; Xpiyacoc the Kiche equivalent of, 236
Ometochtli. I. A pulque-god, 104. II. A day in the Mexican calendar, 105
Opochtli (The Left-handed). Mexican god of fishers and bird-catchers, 113-114
Oracles in Peru, 296-297; a legend connected with an oracle, 302-303
Otomi. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23, 25, 50
Owen, Guttyn. Mentioned, 6
Oxford Codex, 37

P

Paapiti. Island on Lake Titicaca; Huaina Ccapac and the lake-goddess and, 299
Pacari Tampu (House of the Dawn). Place of origin of four brothers and sisters who initiated the systems of worship and civilised Peru, 305, 307
Pacaw. a sorcerer mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 227
Paccariscas. Holy places of origin of the Peruvian tribes, 292, 293, 305
Pachacamac. I. The supreme divinity of the Incas, known also as Pacharurac, 257, 303-304; not a primitive conception, 257; in the local creation-myth of Irma, 258-259; the Ccapac Raymi the national festival of, 267; Yatiri the Aymara name for, 299; symbol of, in the Coricancha, 304; regarded as son of the sun, 306; daughters of, in the Coniraya myth, 323. II. Sacred city of the Incas, 310; ruins of, 273; in the Coniraya myth, 322
Pachacamama (Earth-Mother). Name given by the Incas to their conception of the earth, 257
Pachacta unanchac. Inca device for determining the solstices, 265-266
Pachacutic (or Yupanqui Pachacutic) (He who changes the World). Ninth Inca; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 251-252; defeats Hastu-huaraca, 282, 284-285; formerly known as Yupanqui, 285; his extensive dominion, 286; his achievements as ruler, 286-287; a man like the Mexican Nezahualcoyotl, 291; and the legend of the stones that turned into warriors, 294; and the thunder-god, 300; and the conception of the creator, 304; introduces sun-worship, 308; the vision of, 317-318
Pachamama (or Mamapacha) (Earth-Mother). The Peruvian earth-goddess, 303
Pacharurac. A name of Pachacamac, which see
Pachayachachic. a form of Pachacamac, regarded as direct ruler of the universe, 299, 304 Viracocha called, 307
"Palace of Owls." Ruin at Aké, 186
Palace, The, at Palenque, 183-185
Palenque. Maya city, 144, 149, 182-186; the Palace at, 183-185; Temple of Inscriptions at 185; Temple of the Sun, 185 Temple of the Cross, 185 Temple of the Cross No. II, 186 "Tablet of the Cross" at, 161, 185,186
Palpan. Hill near Tollan; excavations at, 34
Papantzin. Sister of Montezuma II; the story of her return from the tomb, 139-142
Papaztac (The Nerveless). A pulque-god, 104
Pariacaca. I. A name of the Peruvian thunder-god, 299-300; and the lake of Pariacaca, 300. II. The lake of, 300
Paricaca. A hero, father of Huathiacuri; in the Huathiacuri myth, 324-326; in a flood-myth, 326-327; and the Choque Suso myth, 327
Paris (or Tellerio-Remensis) Codex, 37
Patecatl. A pulque-god, 104.
"Path of the Dead, The," at Teotihuacan, 33
Payne, E. J. On the origin of the Maya culture, I; on the origin of the Nahua, 10; on the Toltecs, 21; on the Teoyaominqui fallacy, 88-90
Peru. The civilisation of, I, 248-290; the country, 248-249; the people, 253-255; the mythology, 255-259, 291-327; government, 259-260, 290; laws and customs, 264-265; the calendar, 265-266; the festivals, 267; architecture and architectural remains, 259, 268-273; irrigation works, 273; no writing or numeral system, 278; craftsmanship, 259, 279-281; history, 281-290; religion, 291-313; human sacrifice, 313
Peten-Itza. Maya city, founded by a prince of Chichen-Itza, 156; the incident of Cortés and his horse at, 195-196; a city "filled with idols," 196
Petlac. Place mentioned in myth of Huitzilopochtli's origin, 72
Piedras Negras. Ruined Maya city, 149
"Pigeon House." Ruin at Uxmal, 194
Piguerao. Peruvian deity, brother of Apocatequil; in a creation-myth, 301
Pillan. Thunder-god of aborigines of Chile, analogous to Tlaloc, 78
Pillco-puncu. Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca, 311
Pinturas. Mexican hieroglyphs, or picture-writing, 7, 34-37
Pipil dialect, 145
Piqui-Chaqui (Flea-footed). Servant of Ollanta, 251
Pissac. Ruined Inca fortress at, 250
Pitu Salla. Guardian of Yma Sumac, 253
Pizarro, Francisco. Conqueror of Peru, 255
Pizarro, Pedro. Cousin of Francisco Pizarro, 262
"Place of Fruits." Valley in which Tollan stood, 14
Pleiades. Kiche myth of the origin of, 215
Pocomams. District in Guatemala, 158
Popocatepetl. The mountain; sacred to Tlaloc, 77
Popolcan. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24
"Popol Vuh" (The Collection of Written Leaves). A volume of Maya-Kiche mythology and history, 152, 157, 158; description, 207-209; genuine character, 208; probable date of composition, 235; antiquity, 236, 238; the gods and others mentioned in, 236-237; probably a metrical composition originally, 237-238. The first book: The creation, 209; the downfall of man, 209-210; story of Vukub-Cakix, 210-213; the undoing of Zipacna, 213-216; the overthrow of Cabrakan, 216-219; the creation-story probably the result of the fusion of several myths, 235. The second book: Hunhun-Apu and Vukub-Hunapu descend to the Under-world, 220-221; Hunhun-Apu and Xquiq, 222; birth and exploits of Hun-Apu and Xbalanque, 223-224; the hero-brothers in Xibalba, and the discomfiture of the Lords of Hell, 225-227; the conception in this book common to other mythologies, 228; the savage dread of death probably responsible for the conception of its vanquishment, 228; other sources of the myth, 228. The third book: Man is created, 229; woman is created, 230; gods are vouchsafed to man, 230; Tohil provides fire, 230-231; the race is confounded in speech and migrates, 231; the sun appears, 231; death of the first men, 232; resemblance of the myth to those of other American peoples, 232; similarity of the migration-story to others, 233-234; probable origin of the migration-myth, 234-235. The fourth book, 238-239
Potosi. Peruvian city, 248
Powell. History of Wales, cited, 5
Poyauhtecatl, Mount. In Quetzalcoatl myth, 65
Ppapp-Hol-Chac (The House of Heads and Lightnings). Ruin at Itzamal, 187
Priesthood, Mexican, 114-117; power of, 114; beneficent ministrations of, 115; revenues of, 115; education conducted by, 115-116; orders of, 116; rigorous existence of, 116-117
Pucara. Peruvian fortress-city; leader in the Huanca alliance, 282
Pueblo Indians. Probably related to Nahua, 24
Pulque The universal Mexican beverage, 45
Pulque-gods, 104-105
Puma-puncu. Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca, 311
Puma-Snake. Mixtec deer-god; in creation-myth, 120
Pumatampu. Place in Peru; Inca Roca defeats the Conti-suyu at, 283
Purunpacha. The period after the deluge when there was no king, in Peru, 324
Pyramid of Sacrifice. Ruin at Uxmal, 194

Q

Quäaqua. Sun-god of the Salish Indians, 83
Quacamayo Birds. In a myth of the Canaris Indians, 319
Quaquiutl. Indian tribe, 83
Quatlapanqui (The Head-splitter). A pulgue-god, 104
Quatavita, The Lake of. The Chibchas and, 276
Quauhquauhtinchan (House of the Eagles). Sacrifice to the sun in, 99
Quauhtitlan. Place mentioned in legend of Quetzalcoatl's journey from Tollan, 64
Quauhxicalli (Cup of the Eagles). Mexican sacrificial stone, 99, 100
Quauitleua. Festival of Tlaloc, 77
Quauitlicac. In myth of Huitzilopochtli's origin, 71,72
Quemada. Place in Mexico; cyclopean ruins at, 32
Quenti-Puncu. Door to be passed before reaching Rock of Titicaca, 311
Quetzalcoatl ("Feathered Serpent" or "Feathered Staff"). The Kukulcan of the Maya, god of the sun, the wind, and thunder, common to Mexican and Maya mythologies; Mexican legend of, 6-7; probably cognate with Yetl, 12; king of the Toltecs in Nahua myth, 21; Tezcatlipoca and, 60, 79; Huitzilopochtli, Tezcatlipoca, and Tlacahuepan plot against, 60; quits Tollan and proceeds to Tlapallan, 64-65, 79; probably a god of pre-Nahua people, 78; "Father of the Toltecs," 79; enlightened sway as ruler of Tollan, 79; consequences of his exile, 79; legend of, in connection with the morning star, 80, 96; whether rightly considered god of the sun, 80; conception of, as god of the air, 80; as wind-god and god of fire and light, 80-81; whether originating from a "culture-hero," 81; the "St. Thomas" idea, 81; as Man of the Sun, 81-82; as usually represented, 82; regarded as a liberator, 82; various conceptions of, 82-84, 167; probable northern origin, 83; Hueymatzin and, 84; the worship of, 84-85; the priesthood of, 116; place in the Mexican calendar, 122; vogue among Maya, 144, 167; regarded as foreign to the soil in Mexico, 167; differences in the Maya and Nahua conceptions of, 167; called Kukulcan by the Maya, 167; called Gucumatz in Guatemala, 167, 236; God B probably is, 173
Quetzalpetlatl. Female counterpart of Quetzalcoatl, 79
Quiche. Same as Kiche, which see
Quichua. Peruvian race, 254-255; fusion of, with Aymara, 285-286
Quichua-Aymara. The Inca race. See Incas
Quichua Chinchay-suyu. One of the four racial divisions of ancient Peru, 255
Quinames. Earth-giants; in Toltec creation-myth, 120
Quineveyan. Grotto, mentioned in Aztec migration-myth, 233
Quinuamama. Guardian spirit of the quinua plant, in Peru,
Quipos. Cords used by the Incas for records and communications, 278-279; account of the use of, by the Marquis de Nadaillac, 278-279
Quito. Sometime centre of the northern district of Peru, 286, 289

R

Raxa-Cakulha. A sub-god of Hurakan, 237
Religion. I. Of the Nahua, 54-55; the worship of one god, 28-59. II. Of the Peruvians, 291; inferior to the Mexican, 248; the legend relating to the evolution of, 305-306
Riopampa. Sometime centre of the northern district of Peru, 286
Rosny, Léon de. Research on the Maya writing by, 161-162
Rumi-Ñaui. Inca general; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 252-253

S

Sacrifice, Human, In connection with Teotleco festival, 69; with Toxcatl festival, 69-70; with Tlaloc, 76-77; displaced by "substitution of part for whole," 85, 116; in the Xalaquia festival, 87; in connection with Xipe, 93; Xolotl the representative of, 93; in worship of the planet Venus, 96; in sun-worship, 98-100, 101; the keynote of Nahua mythology, 166; among the Maya, 166; at Mitla, described by Father Burgoa, 202-203; among the Chibchas, 276; in Peru, 313
Sacrificed Princess, the legend of the, 123-124
Sacsahuaman. Inca fortress; the ruins of, 250; built by Pachacutic, 287
Sahagun, Father Bernardino. His work on Mexican lore, 56-57; account of the Teotleco festival, 68-69; account of a confession ceremony, 106-108
Salish Indians, 83
"Salvador," The. A curious Inca vase, 281
San Carlos. The University of, in Guatemala; the lost Popol Vuh found in, 207
San Lorenzo. Village; in a myth of Paricaca, 327
Saramama. Guardian spirit of the maize plant, in Peru, 295
Schellhas, Dr. And the Maya writing, 162; and names of the Maya deities, 168
Scherzer, Dr. C. Finds the lost Popol Vuh, 207
Sea. Worshipped by the Peruvians as Mama-cocha, 306
Seler, Dr. On Quetzalcoatl, 80-81; on Xolotl, 93-94; and the Maya writing, 162, 164; on God K, 175-176; on God P, 177; on Mitla and the origin of the American race, 198
Serpent. Varied significance of the, 72, 74, 76; association of Huitzilopochtli with, 72-73; associated with the bird, 73
Seven Caverns. Myth of the, 123
Sierra Nevada (Mountain of Snow). In legend of Quetzalcoatl's migration, 65
Sinchi Roca (Wise Chief). The second Inca, 283
Skinner, J. Account of the discovery of a wooden cross, 274-275; on mohanes, 297-298; account of the methods of medicine men in Peru, 314-315; account of obsequies among a Peruvian tribe, 315-317
Slaalekam. Sun-god of the Salish Indians, 83
Sondor-huasi. An Inca building bearing a thatched roof, 269
Soto, Hernando de. Mentioned, 7
Squier, E. G. On the Coricancha, 261
Stephens, J. L. Legend of the dwarf related by, 192-194; story of the unknown city, 195
Stones, worship of, in Peru, 292-293
Suarez. Lorillard City discovered by, 195
Sun. Prophecy as to coming of white men from, 7; symbolised as a serpent by Hopi Indians, 82; pictured as abode of Quetzalcoatl, 82; "father" of Totonacs, 82; Quaquiutl myth respecting, 83-84; worship of the, in Mexico, 97-102; the supreme Mexican deity, 97; the heart his special sacrifice, 97; blood his especial food, 98; destruction of successive suns, 98; human sacrifice to, in Mexico, 98-100; as god of warriors, 99; conception of the warrior's after-life with, 101; the feast of Totec, the chief Mexican festival of, 101-102; the supreme Maya deity, 171; in Inca creation-myth, 258, 305; in the mythology of the Chibchas, 276; worship of, in Peru, 306, 307-313; the possessions of, and service rendered to, 308-309; and the Rock of Titicaca, 309-311; especially worshipped by the aged, 310; the Intip-Raymi festival of, 311-312; the Citoc-Raymi festival, 312-313; human sacrifice to, in Peru, 313
Sunrise, Land of. In early American belief, 6
"Suns," the Four. In Aztec theology, 55
Susur-pugaio. A fountain; and the vision of Yupanqui, 318

T

Tabasco. Same as Tlapallan, which see
"Tablet of the Cross," 161, 185, 186
Tancah. Maya city, 8
Tapac-yauri. The royal sceptre of the Incas, 321
Tarahumare. Mexican tribe; and cliff-dwellings, 25
Tarma. Place in Peru; Huanca defeated at, 285
Tarpuntaita-cuma. Incas who conducted sacrifice, 311
Tata (Our Father). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95
Tayasal. Maya city, 196
Teatlahuiani. A pulque-god, 104
Tecpanecs. Confederacy of Nahua tribes, 26, 50; significance of the name, 26, 50; rivals of the Chichimecs, 27; of Huexotzinco, defeated by Tlascaltecs, 49; Aztecs allies of, 51; growth of their empire, 51; conquer Tezcuco and Chichimecs, 51
Tecumbalam. Bird in the Kiche story of the creation, 209
Telpochtli (The Youthful Warrior). A name of Tezcatlipoca, 66
Temacpalco. Place mentioned in the myth of Quetzalcoatl's journey to Tlapallan, 65
Temalacatl. The Mexican gladiatorial stone of combat, 100
Temple of the Cross No. I, The, at Palenque, 185, 186; No. II, 186
Temple of Inscriptions, The, at Palenque, 185
Temple of the Sun, The. I. At Palenque, 185. II. At Tikal, 196
Tenayucan. Chichimec city, 26
Tenochtitlan. Same as Mexico, which see Teo-Amoxtli (Divine Book). A Nahua native chronicle, 45-46
Teocalli. The Mexican temple, 30
Teocuinani. Mountain; sacred to Tlaloc, 77
Teohuatzin. High-priest of Huitzilopochtli, 75
Teotihuacan. Sacred city of the Toltecs, 18, 47; the fiend at the convention at, 18; the Mecca of the Nahua races, 32; architectural remains at, 32, 33; rebuilt by Xolotl, Chichimec king, 33; Charnay's excavations at, 33
Teotleco (Coming of the Gods). Mexican festival, 68-69
Teoyaominqui. Name given to the image of Chicomecohuatl by early investigators, 88; Payne on the error, 88-90
Tepeolotlec. a distortion of the name of Tepeyollotl, 103
Tepeyollotl (Heart of the Mountain). A god of desert places, 102-103; called Tepeolotlec, 102
Tepoxtecatl. The pulque-god of Tepoztlan, 105, 117
Tepoztlan. Mexican city, 105
Tequechmecauiani. a pulque-god, 104
Tequiua. Disguise of Tezcatlipoca, 63
Ternaux-Compans, H. Cited, 4
Teteoinnan (Mother of the Gods). Mexican maize-goddess, known also as Tocitzin, and identical with Centeotl the mother, 85, 90
Tezcatlipoca (Fiery Mirror). Same as Titlacahuan and Tlamatzincatl. The Mexican god of the air, the Jupiter of the Nahua pantheon, 37, 59, 67; tribal god of the Tezcucans, 59; development of the conception, 59-60; in legends of the overthrow of Tollan, 60; adversary of Quetzalcoatl, 60, 79; plots against Quetzalcoatl, and overcomes him, 60-61; as Toueyo, and the daughter of Uemac, 61-62; and the dance at the feast in Tollan, 63; as Tequiua, and the garden of Xochitla, 63; and the legend of the amusing infant and the pestilence, 63-64; as Nezahualpilli, 66; as Yaotzin, 66; as Telpochtli, 66; as usually depicted, 66; Aztec conception of, as wind-god, 66; as Yoalli Ehecatl, 66; extent and development of the cult of, 67-68; as Moneneque, 67; and the Teotleco festival, 68-69; the Toxcatl festival of, 69-70,74; in the character of Tlazolteotl, 107, 108
Tezcotzinco. The villa of Nezahualcoyotl, 133-136
Tezcuco. I. Chichimec city, 26, 47; rivalry with Azcapozalco, 49; its hegemony, 49; conquered by Tecpanecs, 51; allied with Aztecs, 52; Tezcatlipoca the tribal god, 59; the story of Nezahualcoyotl, the prince of, 125-128. II. Lake, 26; in legend of the foundation of Mexico, 28; the cities upon, 47, 49-50
Tezozomoc, F. de A. On Mexican mythology, 58
Theozapotlan. Mexican city, 203
Thlingit. Indian tribe, 83
Thomas, Professor C. Research on Maya writing, 162; on God L, 176
Thomas, St. The Apostle; Cortés believed to be, 7; associated with the Maya cross, 187,275; and the wooden cross found in the valley of the Chichas, 274
Thonapa. Son of the creator in Peruvian myth; in connection with stone-worship, 293; myths of, 319-320
Thunder-god, Peruvian, 299-302
Tiahuanaco. Prehistoric city of the Andeans, 249-250; the great doorway at, 249; in a legend of Manco Ccapac, 256; in Inca creation-myth, 258; and legend of Thonapa the Civiliser, 293
Ticotzicatzin. In the story of Princess Papan, 140
Tikal. Maya city; architectural remains at, 196
Titicaca. I. Lake, 249; settlements of the Quichua-Aymaraon the shores of, 254; Manco Ccapac and Mama Oullo Huacadescend to earth near, 256; regarded by Peruvians as place where men and animals were created, 298; called Mamacota by people of the Collao, 298; idols connected with, 298-299.II. Island on Lake Titicaca; the most sacred of the Peruvian shrines, 270; ruined palace on, 270; sacred rock on, the paccarisca of the sun, 293, 309; sun-worship and the Rock of Titicaca, 309-311; the Inca Tupac and the Rock, 309-310; effect on the island of the Inca worship of the Rock, 310; pilgrimage to, 310-311; Thonapa on, 320
Titlacahuan. Same as Tezcatlipoca, which see
Titlacahuan-Tezcatlipoca, 123
Tiya-manacu. Town in Peru; Thonapa at, 320
Tlacahuepan. Mexican deity; plots against Quetzalcoatl, 60; and the legend of the amusing infant and the pestilence, 63-64
Tlachtli. National ballgame of the Nahua and Maya, 33, 220,224, 227
Tlacopan. Mexican city, 26, 50; Aztecs allied with, 52
Tlaelquani (Filth-eater). A name of Tlazolteotl, which see
Tlalhuicole. Tlascalan warrior; the story of, 136-138
Tlaloc. The Mexican rain-god, or god of waters, 29, 75; and the foundation of Mexico, 29; in association with Huitzilopochtli, 74; as usually represented, 75-76; espoused to Chalchihuitlicue, 75; Tlalocs his offspring, 75; Kiche god Hurakan his prototype, 76; manifestations of, 76; festivals of, 77; human sacrifice in connection with, 76-77; and Atamalqualiztli festival, 77-78; similarities to, in other mythologies, 78
Tlalocan (The Country of Tlaloc). Abode of Tlaloc, 76
Tlalocs. Gods of moisture; and Huemac II, 16; offspring of Tlaloc, 75
Tlalxicco (Navel of the Earth). Name of the abode of Mictlan, 95
Tlamatzincatl. Same as Tezcatlipoca, which see
Tlapallan (The Country of Bright Colours). Legendary region, 11; Nahua said to have originated at, 11; the Toltecs and, II; Quetzalcoatl proceeds to, from Tollan, 64-65, 79
Tlapallan, Huehue (Very Old Tlapallan). In Toltec creation-myth, 119
Tlapallantzinco. Place in Mexico; Toltecs at, 12
Tlascala (or Tlaxcallan). Mexican city, 47, 48; and the "bloodless battle" with Mexico, 48,98,99; decline, 49
Tlascalans. Mexican race, offshoot of the Acolhuans, 26; helped Cortés against Aztecs, 26, 47
Tlauizcalpantecutli (Lord of the Dawn). Name of the planet Venus; myth of Quetzalcoatl and, 80, 96; Quetzalcoatl called, 84; worship of, 96; in the Mexican calendar, 96
Tlaxcallan. Same as Tlascala, which see
Tlazolteotl (God of Ordure) (or Tlaelquani). Mexican goddess of confession, 106-108
Tlenamacac (Ordinary Priests). Lesser order of the Mexican priesthood, 116
Tloque Nahuaque (Lord of All Existence). Toltec deity, 119
Tobacco. Use of, among the Nahua, 45
Tochtepec. Place in Mexico; Toltecs at, 12
Tocitzin (Our Grandmother). See Teteoinnan
Tohil (The Rumbler). Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84; guides the Kiche-Maya to their first city, 152; the god assigned to Balam-Quitze in the Kichemyth of the creation, 230; gives fire to the Kiche, 230-231; turned into stone, 231
Tollan. Toltec city, modern Tula; founded, 13, 26; its magnificence, 14; afflicted by the gods, 16-17; Huehuetzin's rebellions, 18, 19; overthrown,19; Charnay's excavations at, 34; Tezcatlipoca and the overthrow of, 60; Quetzalcoatl leaves, 64, 79
Tollantzinco. City of the Acolhuans, 48; Toltecs at, 12
Toltecs. First Nahua immigrants to Mexico, II; whether a real or a mythical race, II, 20-22; at Tlapallan, 11,12; migration route, 12; their migration a forced one, 12; imaginative quality of their myths, 13; elect a king, 14; progress in arts and crafts, 14, 23; under plagues, 17; their empire destroyed, 19, 20; and the civilisation of Central America, 20; Dr. Brinton's theory, 21; Quetzalcoatl king of, 21; possible influence upon Nahua civilisation, 22; Acolhuans may have been, 26; Tezcatlipoca opposes, and plots against, 60-65; and creation-myth recounted by Ixtlilxochitl, 119; theory that the Maya were, 143
Tonacaciuatl (Lady of our Flesh). A name of Omeciuatl, which see
Tonacatecutli (Lord of our Flesh). A name of Ometecutli, which see
Tonalamatl (Book of the Calendar), 107
Torito. A bird-maiden; in the myth of origin of the Canaris, 319
Torquemada, Father, His work on Mexican lore, 57; on Mitla, 199
Totec (Our Great Chief). A sun-god, 101-102; his feast, the chief solar festival, 101-102
Totemism. Among the primitive Peruvians, 291-293
Totonacs. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23; and the sun, 82
Toueyo. Tezcatlipoca's disguise, 61-63
Toveyo. Toltec sorcerer; and the magic drum, 16
Toxcatl. Festival; of Tezcatlipoca, 69-70; of Huitzilopochtli, 74
Toxilmolpilia. Mexican calendar ceremony; and the native dread of the last day, 41
Troano Codex. Maya manuscript, 160; Dr. Le Plongeon and the reference to Queen Móo in, 246
Tucuman (World's End). Name given by the Quichua-Aymara to their land of origin, 254
Tulan (or Tulan-Zuiva). City; the starting-point of the Kiche migrations, 157-158, 231; the Kiche arrive at, and receive their gods, 230; parallel with the Mexican Chicomoztoc, 230; the Kiche confounded in their speech at, 231
Tumipampa. Sometime centre of the northern district of Peru, 286, 289, 290
Tupac-atau-huallpa (The Sun makes Good Fortune). Son of Huaina Ccapac, 289
Tupac-Yupanqui (Bright). Tenth Inca, son of Pachacutic, 252-253, 287-288; achievements as ruler, 287; and the Huarcans, 288; and the Rock of Titicaca, 309-310
Tutul Xius. Ruling caste among the Itzaes; found Ziyan Caan and Chichen-Itza, 153; expelled from Chichen-Itza by Cocomes, 153; settle in Potonchan, build Uxmal, and regain power, 154; again overthrown, and found Mani, 155; finally assist in conquering the Cocomes, 156
Tzitzimimes. Demons attendant on Mictlan, 96
Tzompantitlan. Place mentioned in the myth of Huitzilopochtli's origin, 71
Tzompantli (Pyramid of Skulls). Minor temple of Huitzilopochtli, 31
Tzununiha (House of the Water). One of the first women of the Popol Vuh myth, 230
Tzutuhils. A Maya people of Guatemala, 158, 159

U

Uayayab. Demon who presided over the nemontemi (unluckydays), 177; God N identified with, 177
Uemac. Tezcatlipoca and the daughter of, 61-63
Uitzlampa. Place in Mexico; in myth of Huitzilopochtli's origin, 72
Urco-Inca. Inca superseded by Pachacutic, 284
Uricaechea, M. His collection of Chibcha antiquities, 277
Uxmal. Mexican city, founded By Tutul Xius, 154; abandoned, 155; ruins at, 191-194; primitive type of its architecture, 194

V

Vatican MSS., 37; description of the journey of the soul in, 37-38
Vega, Garcilasso el Inca de la. Hist. des Incas, cited, 7; on the gods of the early Peruvians, 291
Venus. The planet; worship of, 96-97; the only star worshipped by Mexicans, 96; Camaxtli identified with, 111; temple of, at Cuzco, 262
Vera Cruz. Quetzalcoatl lands at, 6
Verapaz. District in Guatemala, 158
Vetancurt, A. de. On Mexican mythology, 58
Villa-coto. Mountain; in a Peruvian flood-myth, 323-324
Villagutierre, J. de Sotomayor. And the prophecy of Chilan Balam, 8
Viollet-le-Duc, E. On the ruined palace at Mitla, 197
Viracocha. I. Eighth Inca, 284, 318. II. Peruvian deity; temple of, at Cacha, 270; regarded as son of the sun, 306; worshipped by Quichua-Aymara as a culture hero, and called Pachayachachic, 307. III. A higher class of sacred objects of the Peruvians, 294. IV. Name given to any more than usually sacred being, 301
Vitzillopochtli. Same as Huitzilopochtli; in an Aztec migration-myth, 233
Voc. A bird, the messenger of Hurakan; in Popol Vuh myth, 225
Votan. Maya god, identical with Tepeyollotl; God L probably is, 176
Vukub-Cakix (Seven-times-the-colour-of-fire). A sun-and-moon god (Dr. Seler); in a Kiche myth recounted in the Popol Vuh, 210-213; possibly an earth-god, 237
Vukub-Came. One of the rulers of Xibalba, the Kiche Hades, 220, 221, 224
Vukub-Hunapu. Son of Xpiyacoc and Xmucane; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220-221, 224, 225, 227

W

"Wallum Olum." Records of the Leni-Lenape Indians; a migration-myth in, resembles Kiche and Aztec myths, 233-234
Wind-Nine-Cave, Mixtec deity; in creation-myth, 120-121, 122
Wind-Nine-Snake. Mixtec deity; in creation-myth, 120-121, 122
Women of the Sun. Women dedicated to the service of the sun in Peru, 308
Writing. Of the Nahua, 34-35; of the Maya, 159-166; Dr. Le Plongeon and the Maya hieroglyphs, 239

X

Xalaquia. I. Festival of Chicomecohuatl, 86-87. II. The victim sacrificed at the Xalaquia festival, 87, 90
Xalisco. District in Mexico Toltecs in, 12
Xaltocan. Mexican city, 50
Xan. An animal mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 225
Xaquixahuana. Place in Peru, 284
Xauxa. Place in Peru, 285
Xbakiyalo. Wife of Hunhun-Apu, 220
Xbalanque (Little Tiger). A hero-god, twin with Hun-Apu; in a Kiche myth, 211-219; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220, 223-227; mentioned, 237
Xecotcovach. Bird in the Kiche story of the creation, 209
Xibalba. I. A semi-legendary empire of the Maya, 144. II. The Kiche Hades, "Place of Phantoms"; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220-222, 225-227; possible origin of the conception, 229; properly a "place of the dead," 229; origin of the name, 229
Xibalbans. In the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 221, 225-227; the originals of, 228-229; nature of, 229
Xilonen. Form of Chicomecohuatl, 85
Ximenes, Francisco. Copied and translated the Popol Vuh, 207
Xipe (The Flayed). Mexican god, 91-92; his dress assumed by Aztec monarchs and leaders, 91-92; Xolotl has affinities with, 95; God A thought to resemble, 174
Xiuhteculti (Lord of the Year). A name of the Mexican fire-god, 95
Xiumalpilli. In Mexican calendar, 40
Xiyan Caan. City in Yucatan, 153
Xmucane (Female Vigour). The mother-god in the Kiche story of the creation in the Popol Vuh, 209; in the Vukub-Cakix myth, 212-213; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220—225; equivalent to the Mexican Omeciuatl, 236
Xochicalco (The Hill of Flowers). A teocalli near Tezcuco, 33-34
Xochimilcos. Aztec tribe, 233
Xochipilli. A name of Macuilxochitl, which see
Xochitla. A flower-garden near Tollan; the legend of Tezcatlipoca and, 63
Xochitonal. Monster in the Mexican Other-world, 38
Xochiyayotl (The War of Flowers). Campaign for the capture of victims for sacrifice, 98-99, 100
Xolotl. I. King of the Chichimecs, 20; Teotihuacan rebuilt by, 33. II. A sun-god, 93-94; of southern origin and foreign to Mexico, 93; probably identical with Nanahuatl, 93; representative of human sacrifice, 93; has affinities with Xipe, 93; representations of, 94
Xpiyacoc. The father god in the Popol Vuh story of the creation, 209; in the Vukub-Cakix myth, 212-213; in the myth in the second book of the Popol Vuh, 220; equivalent to the Mexican Ometecutli, 236
Xquiq (Blood). A princess of Xibalba, daughter of Cuchumaquiq; in Popol Vuh myth, 222
Xulu. A sorcerer mentioned in Popol Vuh myth, 227

Y

Yacatecutli. Tutelar god of travellers of the merchant class in Mexico, 114; the Maya Ekchuah probably parallel with, 177
Yahuarhuaccac. Seventh Inca, 283
Yahuar-pampa (Plain of Blood). Battle of, 285
Yamquisupa. Village; Thonapa and, 319
Yanacaca. Rock; in a myth of Paricaca, 327
Yaotzin (The Enemy). A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66
Yatiri (The Ruler). Aymara name of Pachacamac in his form of Pachayachachic; Huaina Ccapac and, 299
Year. The Mexican, 39, 40
Yetl. God of natives of British Columbia, 12; probably cognate with Quetzalcoatl, 12, 83
Yma Sumac (How Beautiful). Daughter of Curi-Coyllur; in the drama Apu-Ollanta, 252-253
Yoalli Ehecatl (The Night Wind). A manifestation of Tezcatlipoca, 66
Yohualticitl. A name of Metztli, which see
Yolcuat. Form of Quetzalcoatl, 84
Yopi. Indian tribe; Xipe adopted from, 92
Yucatan. Settlement of the Maya in, 151-152; architectural remains in, 178
Yucay. Inca ruins at, 269
Yum Kaax (Lord of the Harvest Fields). Maya deity; God E probably identical with, 174
Yunca. Name given to the tropical and lowland districts of Peru, 255
Yupanqui Pachacutic. Ninth Inca, known also as Pachacutic. See Pachacutic

Z

Zacatecas. Mexican province, 32
Zapoteca. Aboriginal Mexican race, 23; builders of Mitla, 31; their calendric system, 38; and Quetzalcoatl, 84-85; creation-myth of, 121-122; Maya influences transmitted to the Nahua through, 147; in effect a border people, influenced by and influencing Maya and Nahua, 147; of Nahua stock, 147
Zaque. Aboriginal Mexican race, 24
Zipacna (Cockspur or Earth-heaper). Son of Vukub-Cakix; in a Kiche myth in the Popol Vuh, 211-213, 216
Zippa. A chieftain of the Chibchas, 276
Zoque, A chieftain of the Chibchas, 276
Zotuta. Region in Yucatan inhabited by remnant of Cocomes, 156
Zotzilaha Chimalman. The Maya bat-god, called also Camazotz, 171-172
Zumarraga. Mexican chronicler, 13
Zutugil dialect, 145