The Presidents of the United States, 1789-1914/Appendix B
APPENDIX B
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS, AND TABULATED
FACTS ABOUT THE LIVES OF THE PRESIDENTS
[The tables and information in this Appendix are reproduced here by permission of the publishers from “The World Almanac and Encyclopedia, 1914.” Copyright, 1913, by the Press Publishing Co., New York.]
ELECTORAL VOTES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT
Note.—In this tabulation only the aggregate electoral votes for candidates for President and Vice-President in the first ten quadrennial elections appear.
1789. Previous to 1804 each elector voted for two candidates for President. The one who received the largest number of votes was declared President, and the one who received the next largest number of votes was declared Vice-President. The electoral votes for the first President of the United States were: George Washington, 69; John Adams, of Massachusetts, 34; John Jay, of New York, 9; R. H. Harrison, of Maryland, 6; John Rutledge, of South Carolina, 6; John Hancock, of Massachusetts, 4; George Clinton, of New York, 3; Samuel Huntingdon, of Connecticut, 2; John Milton, of Georgia, 2; James Armstrong, of Georgia, Benjamin Lincoln, of Massachusetts, and Edward Telfair, of Georgia, 1 vote each. Vacancies (votes not cast), 4. George Washington was chosen President and John Adams Vice-President.
1792. George Washington, Federalist, received 132 votes; John Adams, Federalist, 77; George Clinton, of New York, Republican[1], 50; Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, Republican, 4; Aaron Burr, of New York, Republican, 1 vote. Vacancies, 3. George Washington was chosen President and John Adams Vice-President.
1796. John Adams, Federalist, 71; Thomas Jefferson, Republican, 68; Thomas Pinckney, of South Carolina, Federalist, 59; Aaron Burr, of New York, Republican, 30; Samuel Adams, of Massachusetts, Republican, 15; Oliver Ellsworth, of Connecticut, Independent, 11; George Clinton, of New York, Republican, 7; John Jay, of New York, Federalist, 5; James Iredell, of North Carolina, Federalist, 3; George Washington, of Virginia, John Henry, of Maryland, and S. Johnson, of North Carolina, all Federalists, 2 votes each; Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Carolina, Federalist, 1 vote. John Adams was chosen President and Thomas Jefferson Vice-President.[2]
1800. Thomas Jefferson, Republican, 73; Aaron Burr, Republican, 73; John Adams, Federalist, 65; Charles C. Pinckney, Federalist, 64; John Jay, Federalist, 1 vote. There being a tie vote for Jefferson and Burr the choice devolved upon the House of Representatives. Jefferson received the votes of ten States, which, being the largest vote cast for a candidate, elected him President. Burr received the votes of four States, which, being the next largest vote, elected him Vice-President. There were 2 blank votes.
1804. The Constitution of the United States having been amended, the electors at this election voted for a President and a Vice-President, instead of for two candidates for President. The result was as follows: For President, Thomas Jefferson, Republican, 162; Charles C. Pinckney, Federalist, 14. For Vice-President, George Clinton, Republican, 162; Rufus King, of New York, Federalist, 14. Jefferson was chosen President and Clinton Vice-President.
1808. For President, James Madison, of Virginia, Republican, 122; Charles C. Pinckney, of South Carolina, Federalist, 47; George Clinton, of New York, Republican, 6. For Vice-President, George Clinton, Republican, 113; Rufus King, of New York, Federalist, 47; John Langdon, of New Hampshire, 9; James Madison, 3; James Monroe, 3. Vacancy, 1. Madison was chosen President and Clinton Vice-President.
1812. For President, James Madison, Republican, 128; De Witt Clinton, of New York, Federalist, 89. For Vice-President, Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, 131; Jared Ingersoll, of Pennsylvania, Federalist, 86. Vacancy, 1. Madison was chosen President and Gerry Vice-President.
1816. For President, James Monroe, of Virginia, Republican, 183; Rufus King, of New York, Federalist, 34. For Vice-President, Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York, Republican, 183; John Eager Howard, of Maryland, Federalist, 22; James Ross, of Pennsylvania, 5; John Marshall, of Virginia, 4; Robert G. Harper, of Maryland, 3. Vacancies, 4. Monroe was chosen President and Tompkins Vice-President.
1820. For President, James Monroe, of Virginia, Republican, 231; John Q. Adams, of Massachusetts, Republican, 1. For Vice- President, Daniel D. Tompkins, Republican, 218; Richard Stockton, of New Jersey, 8; Daniel Rodney, of Delaware, 4; Robert G. Harper, of Maryland, and Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, 1 vote each. Vacancies, 3. James Monroe was chosen President and Daniel D. Tompkins Vice-President.
1824. For President, Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, Republican, 99; John Quincy Adams, of Massachusetts, Republican, 84; Henry Clay, of Kentucky, Republican, 37; William H. Crawford, of Georgia, Republican, 41. No candidate having a majority of the electoral vote, John Quincy Adams was elected by the House of Representatives. For Vice-President, John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, Republican, 182; Nathan Sanford, of New York, Republican, 30; Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina, Republican, 24; Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, Republican, 13; Martin Van Buren, of New York, Republican, 9; Henry Clay, of Kentucky, Republican, 2; Calhoun was chosen Vice-President.
ELECTORAL AND POPULAR VOTES
Year of Election |
Candidates for President |
States | Political Party |
Popular Vote |
Plurality | Electoral Vote |
Candidates for Vice-President |
States | Political Party |
Electoral Vote | |||
1828 | Andrew Jackson*[3] | Tenn. | Dem. | 647,231 | 138,134 | 178 | John C. Calhoun*[3] | S. C. | Dem. | 171 | |||
John Q. Adams | Mass. | Nat. R. | 509,097 | 83 | Richard Rush | Pa. | Nat. R. | 83 | |||||
William Smith | S. C. | Dem. | 7 | ||||||||||
1832 | Andrew Jackson*[3] | Tenn. | Dem. | 687,502 | 157,313 | 219 | M. Van Buren*[3] | N. Y. | Dem. | 189 | |||
Henry Clay | Ky. | Nat. R. | 530,159 | 49 | John Sergeant | Pa. | Nat. R. | 49 | |||||
John Floyd | Ga. | Ind. |
|
11 | Henry Lee | Mass. | Ind. | 11 | |||||
William Wirt[4] | Md. | Anti-M. | 7 | Amos Ellmaker[4] | Pa. | Anti-M. | 7 | ||||||
Wm. Wilkins | Pa. | Dem. | 30 | ||||||||||
1836 | Martin Van Buren*[3] | N. Y. | Dem. | 761,549 | 24,893 | 170 | R. M. Johnson*[5][3] | Ky. | Dem. | 147 | |||
W. H. Harrison | O. | Whig |
|
73 | Francis Granger | N. Y. | Whig | 77 | |||||
Hugh L. White | Tenn. | Whig | 26 | John Tyler | Va. | Whig | 47 | ||||||
Daniel Webster | Mass. | Whig | 14 | William Smith | Ala. | Dem. | 23 | ||||||
Willie P. Mangum | N. C. | Whig | 11 | ||||||||||
1840 | W. H. Harrison*[3] | O. | Whig | 1,275,017 | 146,315 | 234 | John Tyler*[3] | Va. | Whig | 234 | |||
Martin Van Buren | N. Y. | Dem. | 1,128,702 | 60 | R. M. Johnson | Ky. | Dem. | 48 | |||||
James G. Birney | N. Y. | Lib. | 7,059 | L. W. Tazewell | Va. | Dem. | 11 | ||||||
James K. Polk | Tenn. | Dem. | 1 | ||||||||||
Thomas Earle | Pa. | Lib. | |||||||||||
1844 | James K. Polk*[3] | Tenn. | Dem. | 1,337,243 | 38,175 | 170 | George M. Dallas*[3] | Pa. | Dem. | 170 | |||
Henry Clay | Ky. | Whig | 1,299,068 | 105 | T. Frelinghuysen | N. J. | Whig | 105 | |||||
James G. Birney | N. Y. | Lib. | 62,300 | Thomas Morris | O. | Lib. | |||||||
1848 | Zachary Taylor*[3] | La. | Whig | 1,360,101 | 139,557 | 163 | Millard Fillmore*[3] | N. Y. | Whig | 163 | |||
Lewis Cass | Mich. | Dem. | 1,220,544 | 127 | William O. Butler | Ky. | Dem. | 127 | |||||
Martin Van Buren | N. Y. | F. Soil | 291,263 | Charles F. Adams | Mass. | F. Soil | |||||||
1852 | Franklin Pierce*[3] | N. H. | Dem. | 1,601,474 | 220,896 | 254 | William R. King*[3] | Ala. | Dem. | 254 | |||
Winfield Scott | N. J. | Whig | 1,380,576 | 42 | William A. Graham | N. C. | Whig | 42 | |||||
John P. Hale | N. H. | F. D.[6] | 156,149 | George W. Julian | Ind. | F. D. | |||||||
Daniel Webster[7] | Mass. | Whig | 1,670 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
1856 | James Buchanan*[3] | Pa. | Dem. | 1,838,169 | 496,905 | 174 | J. C. Breckinridge*[3] | Ky. | Dem. | 174 | |||
John C. Fremont | Cal. | Rep. | 1,341,264 | 114 | William L. Dayton | N. J. | Rep. | 114 | |||||
Millard Fillmore | N. Y. | Amer. | 874,538 | 8 | A. J. Donelson | Tenn. | Amer. | 8 | |||||
1860 | Abraham Lincoln*[3] | Ill. | Rep. | 1,866,352 | 491,195 | 180 | Hannibal Hamlin*[3] | Me. | Rep. | 180 | |||
Stephen A. Douglas | Ill. | Dem. | 1,375,157 | 12 | H. V. Johnson | Ga. | Dem. | 12 | |||||
J. C. Breckinridge | Ky. | Dem. | 845,763 | 72 | Joseph Lane | Ore. | Dem. | 72 | |||||
John Bell | Tenn. | Union | 589,581 | 39 | Edward Everett | Mass. | Union | 39 | |||||
1864 | Abraham Lincoln*[3] | Ill. | Rep. | 2,216,067 | 407,342 | [8]212 | Andrew Johnson*[3] | Tenn. | Rep. | 212 | |||
George B. McClellan | N. J. | Dem. | 1,808,725 | 21 | George H. Pendleton | O. | Dem. | 21 | |||||
1868 | Ulysses S Grant*[3] | Ill. | Rep. | 3,015,071 | 305,456 | [9]214 | Schuyler Colfax*[3] | Ind. | Rep. | 214 | |||
Horatio Seymour | N. Y. | Dem. | 2,709,615 | 80 | F. P. Blair, Jr. | Mo. | Dem. | 80 | |||||
1872 | Ulysses S Grant*[3] | Ill. | Rep. | 3,597,070 | 762,991 | 286 | Henry Wilson*[3] | Mass. | Rep. | 286 | |||
Horace Greeley | N. Y. | D. & L. | 2,834,079 | [10] | B. Gratz Brown | Mo. | D. & L. | 47 | |||||
Charles O'Conor | N. Y. | Dem. | 29,408 | John Q. Adams | Mass. | Dem. | |||||||
James Black | Pa. | Temp. | 5,608 | John Russell | Mich. | Temp. | |||||||
Thomas A. Hendricks | Ind. | Dem. | 42 | George W. Julian | Ind. | Lib. | 5 | ||||||
B. Gratz Brown | Mo. | Dem. | 18 | A. H. Colquitt | Ga. | Dem. | 5 | ||||||
Charles J. Jenkins | Ga. | Dem. | 2 | John M. Palmer | Ill. | Dem. | 3 | ||||||
David Davis | Ill. | Ind. | 1 | T. E. Bramlette | Ky. | Dem. | 3 | ||||||
W. S. Groesbeck | O. | Dem. | 1 | ||||||||||
Willis B. Machen | Ky. | Dem. | 1 | ||||||||||
N. P. Banks | Mass. | Lib. | 1 | ||||||||||
1876 | Samuel J. Tilden | N. Y. | Dem. | 4,284,885 | 250,935 | 184 | T. A. Hendricks | Ind. | Dem. | 184 | |||
Rutherford B. Hayes*[3] | O. | Rep. | 4,033,950 | [11]185 | William A. Wheeler*[3] | N. Y. | Rep. | 185 | |||||
Peter Cooper | N. Y. | Gre'nb. | 81,740 | Samuel F. Cary | O. | Gre'nb. | |||||||
Green Clay Smith | Ky. | Proh. | 9,522 | Gideon T. Stewart | O. | Proh. | |||||||
James B. Walker | Ill. | Amer. | 2,636 | D. Kirkpatrick | N. Y. | Amer. | |||||||
1880 | James A. Garfield*[3] | O. | Rep. | 4,449,053 | 7,018 | 214 | Chester A. Arthur*[3] | N. Y. | Rep. | 214 | |||
W. S. Hancock | Pa. | Dem. | 4,442,035 | 155 | William H. English | Ind. | Dem. | 155 | |||||
James B. Weaver | Iowa | Gre'nb. | 307,306 | B. J. Chambers | Tex. | Gre'nb. | |||||||
Neal Dow | Me. | Proh. | 10,305 | H. A. Thompson | O. | Proh. | |||||||
John W. Phelps | Vt. | Amer. | 707 | S. C. Pomeroy | Kan. | Amer. | |||||||
| |||||||||||||
1884 | Grover Cleveland*[3] | N. Y. | Dem. | 4,911,017 | 62,683 | 219 | T. A. Hendricks*[3] | Ind. | Dem. | 219 | |||
James G. Blaine | Me. | Rep. | 4,848,334 | 182 | John A. Logan | Ill. | Rep. | 182 | |||||
John P. St. John | Kan. | Proh. | 151,809 | William Daniel | Md. | Proh. | |||||||
Benjamin F. Butler | Mass. | Gre'nb. | 133,825 | A. M. West | Miss. | Gre'nb. | |||||||
P. D. Wigginton | Cal. | Amer. | |||||||||||
1888 | Grover Cleveland | N. Y. | Dem. | 5,538,233 | 98,017 | 168 | Allen G. Thurman | O. | Dem. | 168 | |||
Benjamin Harrison*[3] | Ind. | Rep. | 5,440,216 | 233 | Levi P. Morton*[3] | N. Y. | Rep. | 233 | |||||
Clinton B. Fisk | N. J. | Proh. | 249,907 | John A. Brooks | Mo. | Proh. | |||||||
Alson J. Streeter | Ill. | U. L. | 148,105 | C. E. Cunningham | Ark. | U. L. | |||||||
R. H. Cowdry | Ill. | U'd L. | 2,808 | W. H. T. Wakefield | Kan. | U'd L. | |||||||
James L. Curtis | N. Y. | Amer. | 1,591 | James B. Greer | Tenn. | Amer. | |||||||
1892 | Grover Cleveland*[3] | N. Y. | Dem. | 5,556,918 | 380,810 | 277 | Adlai E. Stevenson*[3] | Ill. | Dem. | 277 | |||
Benjamin Harrison | Ind. | Rep. | 5,176,108 | 145 | Whitelaw Reid | N. Y. | Rep. | 145 | |||||
James B. Weaver | Iowa | Peop. | 1,041,028 | 22 | James G. Field | Va. | Peop. | 22 | |||||
John Bidwell | Cal. | Proh. | 264,133 | James B. Cranfill | Tex. | Proh. | |||||||
Simon Wing | Mass. | Soc. L. | 21,164 | Charles H. Matchett | N. Y. | Soc. L. | |||||||
1896 | William McKinley*[3] | O. | Rep. | 7,104,779 | 601,854 | 271 | Garret A. Hobart*[3] | N. J. | Rep. | 271 | |||
William J. Bryan | Neb. |
|
6,502,925 | 176 | Arthur Sewall | Me. | Dem. | 149 | |||||
William J. Bryan | Neb. | Thomas E. Watson | Ga. | Peop. | 27 | ||||||||
Joshua Levering | Md. | Proh. | 132,007 | Hale Johnson | Ill. | Proh. | |||||||
John M. Palmer | Ill. | N. Dem. | 133,148 | Simon B. Buckner | Ky. | N. Dem. | |||||||
Charles H. Matchett | N. Y. | Soc. L. | 36,274 | Matthew Maguire | N. J. | Soc. L. | |||||||
Charles E. Bentley | Neb. | Nat.[12] | 13,969 | James H. Southgate | N. C. | Nat.[12] | |||||||
1900 | William McKinley*[3] | O. | Rep. | 7,207,923 | 849,790 | 292 | Theodore Roosevelt*[3] | N. Y. | Rep. | 292 | |||
William J. Bryan | Neb. | Dem. P. | 6,358,133 | 155 | Adlai E. Stevenson | Ill. | Dem. P. | 155 | |||||
John G. Woolley | Ill. | Proh. | 208,914 | Henry B. Metcalf | O. | Proh. | |||||||
Wharton Barker | Pa. | M. P.[13] | 50,373 | Ignatius Donnelly | Minn. | M. P.[13] | |||||||
Eugene V. Debs | Ind. | Soc. D. | 87,814 | Job Harriman | Cal. | Soc. D. | | ||||||
Jos. F. Malloney | Mass. | Soc. L. | 39,739 | Valentine Remmel | Pa. | Soc. L. | |||||||
J. F. R. Leonard | Ia. | U. C.[14] | 1,059 | John G. Woolley | Ill. | U. C.[14] | |||||||
Seth H. Ellis | O. | U. R.[15] | 5,698 | Samuel T. Nicholson | Pa. | U. R.[15] | |||||||
1904 | Theodore Roosevelt*[3] | N. Y. | Rep. | 7,623,486 | 2,545,515 | 336 | Charles W. Fairbanks*[3] | Ind. | Rep. | 336 | |||
Alton B. Parker | N. Y. | Dem. | 5,077,911 | 140 | Henry G. Davis | W. Va. | Dem. | 140 | |||||
Eugene V. Debs | Ind. | Soc. | 402,283 | Benjamin Hanford | N. Y. | Soc. | |||||||
Silas C. Swallow | Pa. | Proh. | 258,536 | George W. Carroll | Tex. | Proh. | |||||||
Thomas E. Watson | Ga. | Peop. | 117,183 | Thomas H. Tibbles | Neb. | Peop. | |||||||
Charles H. Corrigan | N. Y. | Soc. L. | 31,249 | William W. Cox | Ill. | Soc. L. | |||||||
1908 | William H. Taft*[3] | O. | Rep. | 7,678,908 | 1,269,804 | 321 | James S. Sherman*[3] | N. Y. | Rep. | 321 | |||
William J. Bryan | Neb. | Dem. | 6,409,104 | 162 | John W. Kern | Ind. | Dem. | 162 | |||||
Eugene V. Debs | Ind. | Soc. | 420,793 | Benjamin Hanford | N. Y. | Soc. | |||||||
Eugene W. Chafin | Ariz. | Proh. | 253,840 | Aaron S. Watkins | O. | Proh. | |||||||
Thos. E. Watson | Ga. | Peop. | 29,100 | Samuel Williams | Ind. | Peop. | |||||||
August Gillhaus | N. Y. | Soc. L. | 13,825 | Donald L. Munro | Va. | Soc. L. | |||||||
Thos. L. Hisgen | Mass. | Ind. | 82,872 | John Temple Graves | Ga. | Ind. | |||||||
1912 | Woodrow Wilson*[3] | N. J. | Dem. | 6,293,019 | 2,173,512 | 435 | Thomas R. Marshall*[3] | Ind. | Dem. | 435 | |||
William H. Taft | O. | Rep. | 3,484,956 | 8 | Herbert S. Hadley | Mo. | Rep. | 8 | |||||
Theodore Roosevelt | N. Y. | Prog. | 4,119,507 | 88 | Hiram W. Johnson | Cal. | Prog. | 88 | |||||
Eugene V. Debs | Ind. | Soc. | 901,873 | Emil Seidel | Wis. | Soc. | |||||||
Eugene W. Chafin | Ariz. | Proh. | 207,928 | Aaron S. Watkins | O. | Proh. | |||||||
Arthur E. Reimer | Mass. | Soc. L. | 22,259 | August Gillhaus | N. Y. | Soc. L. | |||||||
REFERENCE NOTES TO THE FOUR PRECEDING PAGES
- ↑ The first Republican Party is claimed by the present Democratic Party as its progenitor.
- ↑ No candidate having a majority of the electoral vote, the House of Representatives elected Adams.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 3.34 3.35 3.36 3.37 3.38 3.39 3.40 3.41 3.42 3.43 The candidates starred were elected.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Candidate of the Anti-Masonic Party.
- ↑ There being no choice, the Senate elected Johnson.
- ↑ Free Democrat.
- ↑ In Massachusetts. There was also a Native American ticket in that state, which received 184 votes.
- ↑ Eleven Southern States, being within the belligerent territory, did not vote.
- ↑ Three Southern States disfranchised.
- ↑ Horace Greeley died after election, and Democratic electors scattered their votes.
- ↑ There being a dispute over the electoral vote of Florida, Louisiana, Oregon, and South Carolina, they were referred by Congress to an electoral commission composed of eight Republicans and seven Democrats, which, by a strict party vote, awarded 185 electoral votes to Hayes and 184 to Tilden.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Free Silver Prohibition Party.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Middle of the Road or Anti-Fusion People's Party.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 United Christian Party.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Union Reform Party.
POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTE FOR PRESIDENT IN 1912
States | Popular Vote | Electoral Vote | ||||||||||||||||||
Wilson, Dem. |
Taft, Rep. |
Roosevelt, Prog. |
Debs, Soc. |
Chafin, Proh. |
Reimer, Soc. L. |
Plurality | Wilson, Dem. |
Taft, Rep. |
Roosevelt, Prog. | |||||||||||
Alabama | 82,439 | 9,731 | 22,689 | 3,029 | 59,750 D | 12 | ||||||||||||||
Arizona | 10,324 | 3,021 | 6,949 | 3,163 | 205 | 3,375 D | 3 | |||||||||||||
Arkansas | 68,838 | 24,297 | 21,673 | 8,153 | 898 | 44,541 D | 9 | |||||||||||||
California | 283,436 | 3,914 | 283,610 | 79,201 | 23,366 | 174 P | 2 | 11 | ||||||||||||
Colorado | 114,223 | 58,386 | 72,306 | 16,418 | 5,063 | 475 | 41,917 D | 6 | ||||||||||||
Connecticut | 74,561 | 68,324 | 34,129 | 10,056 | 2,068 | 1,260 | 6,237 D | 7 | ||||||||||||
Delaware | 22,631 | 15,998 | 8,886 | 556 | 623 | 6,631 D | 3 | |||||||||||||
Florida | 36,417 | 4,279 | 4,535 | 4,806 | 1,854 | 31,611 D | 6 | |||||||||||||
Georgia | 93,171 | 5,190 | 22,010 | 1,014 | 147 | 71,161 D | 14 | |||||||||||||
Idaho | 33,921 | 32,810 | 25,527 | 11,960 | 1,537 | 1,111 D | 4 | |||||||||||||
Illinois | 405,048 | 253,613 | 386,478 | 81,278 | 15,710 | 4,066 | 18,570 D | 29 | ||||||||||||
Indiana | 281,890 | 151,267 | 162,007 | 36,931 | 19,249 | 3,130 | 119,883 D | 15 | ||||||||||||
Iowa | 185,325 | 119,805 | 161,819 | 16,967 | 8,440 | 23,593 D | 13 | |||||||||||||
Kansas | 143,670 | 74,844 | 120,123 | 26,807 | 23,047 D | 10 | ||||||||||||||
Kentucky | 219,584 | 115,512 | 102,766 | 11,647 | 3,233 | 956 | 104,072 D | 13 | ||||||||||||
Louisiana | 60,966 | 3,834 | 9,323 | 5,249 | 51,643 D | 10 | ||||||||||||||
Maine | 51,113 | 26,545 | 48,493 | 2,541 | 945 | 2,620 D | 6 | |||||||||||||
Maryland | 112,674 | 54,956 | 57,786 | 3,996 | 2,244 | 322 | 54,888 D | 8 | ||||||||||||
Massachusetts | 173,408 | 155,948 | 142,228 | 12,616 | 2,754 | 1,102 | 17,460 D | 18 | ||||||||||||
Michigan | 150,751 | 152,244 | 214,584 | 23,211 | 8,934 | 1,252 | 62,340 P | 15 | ||||||||||||
Minnesota | 106,426 | 64,334 | 125,856 | 27,505 | 7,886 | 2,212 | 19,430 P | 12 | ||||||||||||
Mississippi | 57,164 | 1,511 | 3,627 | 2,017 | 53,537 D | 10 | ||||||||||||||
Missouri | 330,746 | 207,821 | 124,371 | 28,466 | 5,380 | 1,778 | 122,925 D | 18 | ||||||||||||
Montana | 27,941 | 18,512 | 22,456 | 10,885 | 32 | 5,782 D | 4 | | ||||||||||||
Nebraska | 109,008 | 54,216 | 72,689 | 10,185 | 3,383 | 36,319 D | 8 | |||||||||||||
Nevada | 7,986 | 3,196 | 5,620 | 3,313 | 2,366 D | 3 | ||||||||||||||
New Hampshire | 34,724 | 32,927 | 17,794 | 1,981 | 535 | 2,097 D | 4 | |||||||||||||
New Jersey | 178,289 | 88,835 | 145,410 | 15,801 | 2,878 | 1,321 | 32,879 D | 14 | ||||||||||||
New Mexico | 20,437 | 17,733 | 8,347 | 2,859 | 2,704 D | 3 | ||||||||||||||
New York | 655,475 | 455,428 | 390,021 | 63,381 | 19,427 | 4,251 | 200,047 D | 45 | ||||||||||||
North Carolina | 144,507 | 29,139 | 69,130 | 1,025 | 117 | 75,377 D | 12 | |||||||||||||
North Dakota | 29,555 | 23,090 | 25,726 | 6,966 | 1,243 | 3,829 D | 5 | |||||||||||||
Ohio | 423,152 | 277,066 | 229,327 | 89,930 | 11,459 | 2,623 | 146,086 D | 24 | ||||||||||||
Oklahoma | 119,156 | 90,786 | 42,262 | 2,185 | 28,370 D | 10 | ||||||||||||||
Oregon | 47,064 | 34,673 | 37,600 | 13,343 | 4,360 | 9,464 D | 5 | |||||||||||||
Pennsylvania | 395,619 | 273,305 | 447,426 | 83,164 | 19,533 | 704 | 51,807 P | 38 | ||||||||||||
Rhode Island | 30,142 | 27,703 | 16,878 | 2,049 | 616 | 236 | 2,709 D | 5 | ||||||||||||
South Carolina | 48,355 | 536 | 1,293 | 164 | 47,062 D | 9 | ||||||||||||||
South Dakota | 48,942 | 58,811 | 4,662 | 3,910 | 9,869 P | 5 | ||||||||||||||
Tennessee | 130,335 | 59,444 | 53,725 | 3,492 | 825 | 70,891 D | 12 | |||||||||||||
Texas | 221,589 | 28,853 | 26,755 | 25,743 | 1,738 | 442 | 192,736 D | 20 | ||||||||||||
Utah | 36,579 | 42,100 | 24,174 | 9,023 | 509 | 5,521 R | 4 | |||||||||||||
Vermont | 15,350 | 23,305 | 22,070 | 928 | 1,154 | 1,235 R | 4 | |||||||||||||
Virginia | 90,332 | 23,288 | 21,777 | 820 | 709 | 50 | 67,044 D | 12 | ||||||||||||
Washington | 86,840 | 70,445 | 113,698 | 40,134 | 9,810 | 1,872 | 26,858 P | 7 | ||||||||||||
West Virginia | 113,197 | 56,754 | 79,112 | 15,248 | 4,517 | 34,085 D | 8 | |||||||||||||
Wisconsin | 164,409 | 130,878 | 58,661 | 34,168 | 8,467 | 698 | 33,531 D | 13 | ||||||||||||
Wyoming | 15,310 | 14,560 | 9,232 | 2,760 | 434 | 750 D | 3 | |||||||||||||
Total | 6,293,019 | 3,484,956 | 4,119,507 | 901,873 | 207,928 | 29,259 | 435 | 8 | 88 | |||||||||||
|
TOTAL VOTE FOR PRESIDENT, 1908 AND 1912
States | 1912 | 1908 |
Alabama | 117,888 | 103,809 |
Arizona | 23,722 | |
Arkansas | 123,859 | 152,126 |
California | 673,527 | 386,597 |
Colorado | 266,871 | 263,877 |
Connecticut | 190,398 | 189,999 |
Delaware | 48,694 | 48,024 |
Florida | 51,891 | 49,360 |
Georgia | 121,533 | 132,794 |
Idaho | 105,755 | 97,288 |
Illinois | 1,146,103 | 1,154,751 |
Indiana | 654,474 | 721,126 |
Iowa | 492,326 | 494,770 |
Kansas | 365,444 | 375,946 |
Kentucky | 453,698 | 490,687 |
Louisiana | 79,372 | 75,146 |
Maine | 129,637 | 106,335 |
Maryland | 231,978 | 238,531 |
Massachusetts | 488,056 | 456,926 |
Michigan | 550,776 | 541,749 |
Minnesota | 334,219 | 331,304 |
Mississippi | 64,319 | 66,904 |
Missouri | 698,562 | 715,874 |
Montana | 79,910 | 68,822 |
Nebraska | 249,481 | 266,799 |
Nevada | 20,115 | 24,526 |
New Hampshire | 87,961 | 89,592 |
New Jersey | 432,534 | 467,198 |
New Mexico | 49,376 | |
New York | 1,587,983 | 1,638,350 |
North Carolina | 243,918 | 252,610 |
North Dakota | 86,580 | 94,582 |
Ohio | 1,033,557 | 1,121,588 |
Oklahoma | 254,339 | 255,228 |
Oregon | 137,040 | 110,889 |
Pennsylvania | 1,220,201 | 1,267,443 |
Rhode Island | 77,894 | 72,317 |
South Carolina | 50,348 | 66,393 |
South Dakota | 116,325 | 114,775 |
Tennessee | 247,821 | 257,515 |
Texas | 305,120 | 203,559 |
Utah | 112,385 | 108,598 |
Vermont | 62,807 | 52,651 |
Virginia | 136,976 | 137,066 |
Washington | 322,799 | 183,879 |
West Virginia | 268,828 | 258,151 |
Wisconsin | 397,281 | 454,435 |
Wyoming | 42,296 | 37,609 |
Total vote, 1900, 13,961,566; 1904, 13,528,970; 1908, 14,888,442; 1912, 15,036,542. |
THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES—THEIR BIOGRAPHIES IN BRIEF
(Compiled for The World Almanac from published memoirs, newspaper records, and personal correspondence with the families of the ex-Presidents.)
No. | Full Name | Paternal Ancestry |
Parentage—Father | Father's Vocation | Parentage—Mother |
1. | George Washington | English | Augustine Washington | Planter | Mary Ball. |
2. | John Adams | English | John Adams | Farmer | Susanna Boylston. |
3. | Thomas Jefferson | Welsh | Peter Jefferson | Planter | Jane Randolph. |
4. | James Madison | English | James Madison | Planter | Nelly Conway. |
5. | James Monroe | Scotch | Spence Munroe | Planter | Eliza Jones. |
6. | John Quincy Adams | English | John Adams | Lawyer | Abigail Smith. |
7. | Andrew Jackson | Scotch-Irish | Andrew Jackson | Farmer | Elizabeth Hutchinson. |
8. | Martin Van Buren | Dutch | Abraham Van Buren | Farmer | Maria Hoes. |
9. | William Henry Harrison | English | Benjamin Harrison | Statesman | Elizabeth Bassett. |
10. | John Tyler | English | John Tyler | Jurist | Mary Armistead. |
11. | James K. Polk | Scotch-Irish | Samuel Polk | Farmer | Jane Knox. |
12. | Zachary Taylor | English | Richard Taylor | Planter | Sarah Strother. |
13. | Millard Fillmore | English | Nathaniel Fillmore | Farmer | Phebe Millard. |
14. | Franklin Pierce | English | Benjamin Pierce | Farmer | Anna Kendrick. |
15. | James Buchanan | Scotch-Irish | James Buchanan | Merchant | Elizabeth Speer. |
16. | Abraham Lincoln | English | Thomas Lincoln | Farmer | Nancy Hanks. |
17. | Andrew Johnson | English | Jacob Johnson | Sexton and Constable | Mary McDonough. |
18. | Ulysses Simpson Grant | Scotch | Jesse Root Grant | Tanner | Harriet Simpson. |
19. | Rutherford Birchard Hayes | Scotch | Rutherford Hayes | Merchant | Sophia Birchard. |
20. | James Abram Garfield | English | Abram Garfield | Farmer | Eliza Ballou. |
21. | Chester Alan Arthur | Scotch-Irish | William Arthur | Clergyman | Malvina Stone. |
22, 24. | Grover Cleveland | English | Richard Falley Cleveland | Clergyman | Anna Neal. |
23. | Benjamin Harrison | English | John Scott Harrison | Farmer | Elizabeth F. Irwin. |
25. | William McKinley | Scotch-Irish | William McKinley | Iron Manufacturer | Nancy C. Allison. |
26. | Theodore Roosevelt | Dutch | Theodore Roosevelt | Merchant | Martha Bullock. |
27. | William Howard Taft | English | Alphonso Taft | Lawyer | Louise M. Torrey. |
28. | Woodrow Wilson | English | Joseph R. Wilson | Clergyman | Jessie Woodrow. |
THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES—THEIR BIOGRAPHIES IN BRIEF
(Compiled for The World Almanac from published memoirs, newspaper records, and personal correspondence with the families of the ex-Presidents.)
No. | President |
|
Vocation | College | Year of Grad.[1] | |||||
In Early Life |
When Elected | |||||||||
1. | Washington | Feb. 22, 1732 | Near Bridges Creek, Westmoreland Co., Va. | Surveyor | Planter | None | ||||
2. | J. Adams | Oct. 30, 1735 | Quincy, Norfolk Co., Mass. | Teacher | Lawyer | Harvard | 1755 | |||
3. | Jefferson | April 13, 1743 | Shadwell, Albemarle Co., Va. | Lawyer | Lawyer | William and Mary | 1762 | |||
4. | Madison | March 16, 1751 | Port Conway, King George Co., Va. | Lawyer | Lawyer | Princeton | 1771 | |||
5. | Monroe | April 28, 1758 | Head of Monroe's Creek, Westmoreland Co., Va. | Lawyer | Statesman[2] | William and Mary | 1776 | |||
6. | J. Q. Adams | July 11, 1767 | Quincy, Norfolk Co., Mass. | Lawyer | Lawyer | Harvard | 1787 | |||
7. | Jackson | March 15, 1767 | Near Cureton's Pond, Union Co., N. C.[3] | Lawyer | Lawyer | None | ||||
8. | Van Buren | Dec. 5, 1782 | Kinderhook, Columbia Co., N. Y. | Lawyer | Lawyer | None | ||||
9. | Harrison | Feb. 9, 1773 | Berkeley, Charles City Co., Va. | Soldier | Farmer | Hampden-Sydney | 1790 | |||
10. | Tyler | March 29, 1790 | Greenway, Charles City Co., Va. | Lawyer | Lawyer | William and Mary | 1807 | |||
11. | Polk | Nov. 2, 1795 | Near Pineville, Mecklenburg Co., N. C. | Lawyer | Lawyer | Uni. of N. Carolina | 1818 | |||
12. | Taylor | Nov. 24, 1784 | Near Orange C. H., Orange Co., Pa. | Soldier | Soldier | None | ||||
13. | Fillmore | Jan. 7, 1800 | Summerhill, Cayuga Co., N. Y. | Tailor | Lawyer | None | ||||
14. | Pierce | Nov. 23, 1804 | Hillsborough, Hillsborough Co., N. H. | Lawyer | Lawyer | Bowdoin | 1824 | |||
15. | Buchanan | April 23, 1791 | Cove Gap, Franklin Co., Pa. | Lawyer | Lawyer | Dickinson | 1809 | |||
16. | Lincoln | Feb. 12, 1809 | Near Hodgenville, Larue Co., Ky. | Farm-hand | Lawyer | None | ||||
17. | Johnson | Dec. 29, 1808 | Raleigh, Wake Co., N. C. | Tailor | Statesman | None | ||||
18. | Grant | April 27, 1822 | Point Pleasant, Clermont Co., O. | Soldier | Soldier | West Point | 1843 | |||
19. | Hayes | Oct. 4, 1822 | Delaware, Delaware Co., O. | Lawyer | Lawyer | Kenyon | 1842 | |||
20. | Garfield | Nov. 19, 1831 | Orange Township, Cuyahoga Co., O. | Teacher | Lawyer | Williams | 1856 | |||
21. | Arthur | Oct. 5, 1830 | Fairfield, Franklin Co., Vt. | Teacher | Lawyer | Union | 1848 | |||
22, 24. | Cleveland | March 18, 1837 | Caldwell, Essex Co., N. J. | Teacher | Lawyer | None | ||||
23. | B. Harrison | Aug. 20, 1833 | North Bend, Hamilton Co., O. | Lawyer | Lawyer | Miami University | 1853 | |||
25. | McKinley | Jan. 29, 1843 | Niles, Trumbull Co., O. | Lawyer | Lawyer | None | ||||
26. | Roosevelt | Oct. 27, 1858 | 28 E. 20th St., New York City, N. Y. | Publicist | Public official | Harvard | 1880 | |||
27. | Taft | Sept. 15, 1857 | Cincinnati, O. | Lawyer | Lawyer | Yale | 1878 | |||
28. | Wilson | Dec. 28, 1856 | Staunton, Va. | Teacher | Statesman | Princeton | 1879 | |||
THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES
No. | President | Married | Wife's Name | Wife born | Wife died | Sons | Dau. | Home When Elected |
1. | Washington | 1759 | Martha (Dandridge) Custis[4] | 1732 | 1802 | Mount Vernon, Va. | ||
2. | J. Adams | 1764 | Abigail Smith | 1744 | 1818 | 3 | 2 | Quincy, Mass. |
3. | Jefferson | 1772 | Martha (Wayles) Skelton[4] | 1748 | 1782 | 1 | 5 | Monticello, Va. |
4. | Madison | 1794 | Dolly (Payne) Todd[4] | 1772 | 1849 | Montpelier, Va. | ||
5. | Monroe | 1786 | Eliza Kortwright | 1768 | 1830 | 2 | Oak Hill, Va. | |
6. | J. Q. Adams | 1797 | Louisa Catherine Johnson | 1775 | 1852 | 3 | 1 | Quincy, Mass. |
7. | Jackson | 1791 | Rachel (Donelson) Robards[5] | 1767 | 1828 | Hermitage, Tenn. | ||
8. | Van Buren | 1807 | Hannah Hoes | 1783 | 1819 | 4 | Kinderhook, N. Y. | |
9. | Harrison | 1795 | Anna Symmes | 1775 | 1864 | 6 | 4 | North Bend, O. |
10. | Tyler | 1813 | Letita Christian | 1790 | 1842 | 3 | 4 | Williamsburg, Va. |
1844 | Julia Gardiner | 1820 | 1889 | 5 | 2 | |||
11. | Polk | 1824 | Sarah Childress | 1803 | 1891 | Nashville, Tenn. | ||
12. | Taylor | 1810 | Margaret Smith | 1788 | 1852 | 1 | 5 | Baton Rouge, La. |
13. | Fillmore | 1826 | Abigail Powers | 1798 | 1853 | 1 | 1 | Buffalo, N. Y. |
1858 | Caroline (Carmichael) McIntosh[4] | 1813 | 1881 | |||||
14. | Pierce | 1834 | Jane Means Appleton | 1806 | 1863 | 3 | Concord, N. H. | |
15. | Buchanan | Wheatland, Pa. | ||||||
16. | Lincoln | 1842 | Mary Todd | 1818 | 1882 | 4 | Springfield, Ill. | |
17. | Johnson | 1827 | Eliza McCardle | 1810 | 1876 | 3 | 2 | Greenville, Tenn. |
18. | Grant | 1848 | Julia Dent | 1826 | 1902 | 3 | 1 | Washington, D. C. |
19. | Hayes | 1852 | Lucy Ware Webb | 1831 | 1889 | 7 | 1 | Fremont, O. |
20. | Garfield | 1858 | Lucretia Rudolph | 1832 | 1909 | 4 | 1 | Mentor, O. |
21. | Arthur | 1859 | Ellen Lewis Herndon | 1837 | 1880 | 1 | 1 | New York City. |
22. | Cleveland | 1886 | Frances Folsom | 1864 | 2 | 3 | Buffalo, N. Y. | |
23. | B. Harrison | 1853 | Caroline Lavinia Scott | 1832 | 1892 | 1 | 1 | Indianapolis, Ind. |
1896 | Mary Scott (Lord) Dimmick[4] | 1858 | 1 | |||||
24. | Cleveland | (See above.) | New York City. | |||||
25. | McKinley | 1871 | Ida Saxton | 1844 | 1907 | 2 | Canton, O. | |
26. | Roosevelt | 1883 | Alice Lee | 1884 | 1 | Oyster Bay, N. Y. | ||
1886 | Edith Kermit Carow | 1861 | 4 | 1 | ||||
27. | Taft | 1886 | Helen Herron | 1861 | 2 | 1 | Cincinnati, O. | |
28. | Wilson | 1885 | Helen Louise Axson | 3 | Princeton, N. J. | |||
THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES
No. | President | Politics | Inaug. | Age | Years Served | Religious Connection | Time of Death | Age |
1. | Washington | Federalist | 1789 | 57 | 7 y. 10 mo. 4 d. | Episcopalian | December 14, 1799 | 67 |
2. | J. Adams | Federalist | 1797 | 61 | 4 | Congregationalist | July 4, 1826 | 90 |
3. | Jefferson | Republican[6] | 1801 | 57 | 8 | Liberal[7] | July 4, 1826 | 83 |
4. | Madison | Republican | 1809 | 57 | 8 | Episcopalian | June 28, 1836 | 85 |
5. | Monroe | Republican | 1817 | 58 | 8 | Episcopalian | July 4, 1831 | 73 |
6. | J. Q. Adams | Republican[8] | 1825 | 57 | 4 | Congregationalist | February 23, 1848 | 80 |
7. | Jackson | Democrat | 1829 | 61 | 8 | Presbyterian | June 8, 1845 | 78 |
8. | Van Buren | Democrat | 1837 | 54 | 4 | Reformed Dutch | July 24, 1862 | 79 |
9. | Harrison | Whig | 1841 | 68 | 1 mo. | Episcopalian | April 4, 1841 | 68 |
10. | Tyler | Democrat | 1841 | 51 | 3 y. 11 mo. | Episcopalian | January 17, 1862 | 71 |
11. | Polk | Democrat | 1845 | 49 | 4 | Presbyterian | June 15, 1849 | 53 |
12. | Taylor | Whig | 1849 | 64 | 1 y. 4 mo. 5 d. | Episcopalian | July 9, 1850 | 65 |
13. | Fillmore | Whig | 1850 | 50 | 2 y. 7 mo. 26 d. | Unitarian | March 8, 1874 | 74 |
14. | Pierce | Democrat | 1853 | 48 | 4 | Episcopalian | October 8, 1869 | 64 |
15. | Buchanan | Democrat | 1857 | 65 | 4 | Presbyterian | June 1, 1868 | 77 |
16. | Lincoln | Republican | 1861 | 52 | 4 y. 1 mo. 11 d. | Presbyterian | April 15, 1865 | 56 |
17. | Johnson | Republican | 1865 | 56 | 3 y. 10 mo. 19 d. | Methodist[9] | July 31, 1875 | 66 |
18. | Grant | Republican | 1869 | 46 | 8 | Methodist | July 23, 1885 | 63 |
19. | Hayes | Republican | 1877 | 54 | 4 | Methodist | January 17, 1893 | 70 |
20. | Garfield | Republican | 1881 | 49 | 6½ mo. | Disciples | September 19, 1881 | 49 |
21. | Arthur | Republican | 1881 | 50 | 3 y. 5½ mo. | Episcopalian | November 18, 1886 | 56 |
22. | Cleveland | Democrat | 1885 | 47 | 4 | Presbyterian | June 24, 1908 | 71 |
23. | B. Harrison | Republican | 1889 | 55 | 4 | Presbyterian | March 13, 1901 | 67 |
24. | Cleveland | Democrat | 1893 | 55 | 4 | Presbyterian | June 24, 1908 | 71 |
25. | McKinley | Republican | 1897 | 54 | 4 y. 6 mo. 10 d. | Methodist | September 14, 1901 | 58 |
26. | Roosevelt | Republican | 1901 | 42 | 7 y. 5 mo. 18 d. | Reformed Dutch | ||
27. | Taft | Republican | 1909 | 51 | 4 | Unitarian | ||
28. | Wilson | Democrat | 1913 | 56 | Presbyterian | |||
THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES
No. | President | Cause of Death | Place of Death | Place of Burial |
1. | Washington | Pneumonia | Mount Vernon, Va. | Mount Vernon, Va. |
2. | J. Adams | Debility | Quincy, Mass. | First Congregational Church, Quincy, Mass. |
3. | Jefferson | Chronic Diarrhœa | Monticello, Va. | Monticello, Albemarle Co., Va. |
4. | Madison | Debility | Montpelier, Va. | Montpelier, Orange Co., Va. |
5. | Monroe | Debility | New York City | Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va. |
6. | J. Q. Adams | Paralysis | Washington, D. C. | First Congregational Church, Quincy, Mass. |
7. | Jackson | Consumption | Hermitage, Tenn. | Hermitage, near Nashville, Tenn. |
8. | Van Buren | Asthmatic Catarrh | Lindenwold, N. Y. | Cemetery, Kinderhook, N. Y. |
9. | Harrison | Bilious Pleurisy | Washington, D. C. | North Bend, Hamilton Co., O. |
10. | Tyler | Bilious Attack | Richmond, Va. | Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, Va. |
11. | Polk | Chronic Diarrhœa | Nashville, Tenn. | Polk Place, Nashville, Tenn. |
12. | Taylor | Bilious Fever | Washington, D. C. | Springfield, near Louisville, Ky. |
13. | Fillmore | Debility | Buffalo, N. Y. | Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, N. Y. |
14. | Pierce | Inflammation of Stomach | Concord, N. H. | Minot Lot, Old Cemetery, Concord, N. H. |
15. | Buchanan | Rheumatic Gout | Wheatland, Pa. | Woodward Hill Cemetery, Lancaster, Pa. |
16. | Lincoln | Assassination | Washington, D. C. | Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Ill. |
17. | Johnson | Paralysis | Carter's Depot, Tenn. | Greenville, Greene Co., Tenn. |
18. | Grant | Cancer | Mt. McGregor, N. Y. | Riverside Park, New York City. |
19. | Hayes | Paralysis of the Heart | Fremont, O. | Cemetery, Fremont, O. |
20. | Garfield | Assassination | Long Branch, N. J. | Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, O. |
21. | Arthur | Bright's Disease | New York City. | Rural Cemetery, Albany, N. Y. |
22, 24. | Cleveland | Debility | Princeton, N. J. | Cemetery, Princeton, N. J. |
23. | B. Harrison | Pneumonia | Indianapolis, Ind. | Crown Hill Cemetery, Indianapolis, Ind. |
25. | McKinley | Assassination | Buffalo, N. Y. | Cemetery, Canton, O. |
26. | Roosevelt | |||
27. | Taft | |||
28. | Wilson | |||
NOTES TO THE TABLES OF THE PRESIDENTS, ON THE FOUR PRECEDING PAGES
- ↑ Or of departure from college.
- ↑ Monroe abandoned the profession of law when a young man, and was afterward, and until his election, always holding public office.
- ↑ Jackson called himself a South Carolinian, and his biographer, Kendall, recorded his birthplace in Lancaster Co., S. C.; but Parton has published documentary evidence to show that Jackson was born in Union Co., N. C., less than a quarter mile from the South Carolina line.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Widows. Their maiden names are in parentheses.
- ↑ She was the divorced wife of Captain Robards.
- ↑ The Democratic party of to-day claims lineal descent from the first Republican party, and President Jefferson as its founder.
- ↑ Randall, the biographer of Jefferson, declares that he was a believer in Christianity, although not a sectarian.
- ↑ Political parties were disorganized at the time of the election of John Quincy Adams. He claimed to be a Republican, but his doctrines were decidedly Federalistic. The opposition to his Administration took the name of Democrats, and elected Jackson President.
- ↑ While President Johnson was not a church-member, he was a Christian believer. His wife was a Methodist.