The War with Mexico/Volume 2/Index 1

by Justin Harvey Smith

 

Index From A to L

Aberdeen, Earl of, and Oregon controversy and Mexico, 1. 115; and California, 321, 2. 302; counsel to Mexico, 1. 434; warning on annexation, 2. 299, 508; offers mediation, 301, 503; and interposition, 302, 304, 504-6.

Abert, J. J., chief topographical engineer, 1. 475.

Aburto, Juan, guerilla, 2. 421.

Academy of Fine Arts, 1. 14.

Acapulco, as port, 1. 3; not occupied, 2. 207, 448.

Acordada, insurrection of the, 1. 41; building, 413.

Active corps in Mexican army, 1. 157.

Acuerdo, meaning of citation to, 2. 346 n.

Adams, J. Q., Texas speech, 1. 70, 111; and Oregon, 152; on secession, 2. 272; effect of death on treaty of peace, 246.

Aetna, in attack on Tuxpán, 2. 444; in Home Squadron, 445, 446.

Agiotista, as term of reproach, 2. 327.

Agriculture, Mexican products, 1. 12; farms, 5; conditions, 16, 410.

Agua Nueva, Taylor's advance at, 1. 374; Santa Anna's advance, Taylor's retreat, 381-4, 554; Santa Anna's retirement to, parley, 398, 561. Aguascalientes battalion, at Monterey, 1. 494.

Aguirre, J. M. de, and occupation of Saltillo, 1. 266, 508; and guerilla warfare, 2. 170; efforts to apprehend, 418.

Aiken, William, opposes war, 1. 188.

Alabama troops, first enlistments, 1. 195; at Tampico, 282, 512; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 343; in Alvarado expedition, 344; leave Scott, 356; call (1847), 364, 365; in Taylor's later force, 417; slow response to call, 431.

Alamán, Lucas, industrial scheme, 1. 16; appearance, 25; as real ruler, character, 43; and boundary negotiations, 60, 418-9; and Butler, 62, 420; and monarchy, 90, 214; on judicial system, 409; on Mexican character, 410; and American troops, 2. 230.

Alamo massacre, American indignation, 1. 117.

Albany, and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. 18; in attack on Tuxpán, 444; in Home Squadron, 445, 446.

Albany Statesman, on tariff for Mexican ports, 2. 500.

Alcorta, L. J., and executive power (1847), 2. 180; and armistice, 394; and war policy, 430.

Alemán, Lieutenant, at Chapultepec, 2. 410.

Aliens, Mexican antipathy and treatment, 1. 58, 74, 103, 416. See also Attitude towards United States.

Allen, G. W., at Palo Alto, 1. 164.

Allen, James, and Mormon battalion, 1. 290.

Allen, William, and war bill, 1. 183; and Democratic dissension, 2. 496.

Alleye de Cyprey, Baron. See Cyprey.

Almonte, J. N., character, 1. 26; and annexation of Texas, 84, 87; belittles American chances in war, 104, 105, 107, 110, 115; excites fear, of Spanish America, 111; and European protection, 122; and outbreak of war, 201, 442; treachery to Paredes, 215; combination with Santa Anna, 216, 222; return to Mexico with Santa Anna, 486; Presidential candidacy (1846), 2. 5, 82, 84; arrested (1846), 84; anti-peace attitude (1847), 235, 236, 466; combination against Santa Anna, 134; and privateering, 191, 192; subsides, 242; candidacy for Senate, 474.

Altata, blockaded, 2. 448.

Alvarado, J. B., leader in California, 1. 319; and American occupation, 335.

Alvarado, expedition, 2. 38, 344-5; blockade, 194; naval attacks, 197-9, 442; map, 198.

Alvarez, Juan, at Acapulco, revolt (1846), 1. 216, 2. 448; seizes California expedition, 1. 522; supports Santa Anna (1847), 2. 86, 88; character, 88; in plan of defence of capital, 90; and Scott's advance to San Agustin, 95, 97, 374; and combination against Santa Anna, 134; at Molino del Rey, 142, 146; at siege of Puebla, 174, 175, 425; force (Oct. 1847), 182; and Scott at Puebla, 363; "pintos" in force, 369; and Contreras, 380; and Chapultepec, 408; in the city, 414; later movements, 425, 433; and Santa Anna's surrender of command, 429.

Alvarez, Manuel, American consul at Sante Fe, and Armijo and Kearny's expedition, 1. 289.

American Review, on spirit of expansion and unrest, 1. 123, 124; on Slidell mission, 133; on advance to Rio Grande, 459-61; on British criticism of military operations, 2. 307; on peace negotiations (1847), 400.

American Star, accompanies Scott's army, 2. 227.

Amigo del Pueblo, on Herrera's rule, 1. 56; on incitation to war, 87; on Slidell mission, 436; on California, 522.

Amnesty, for Mexican political offenders, 2. 367.

Amozoc, Worth at, Santa Anna's attack, 2. 69-70, 360.

Ampudia, Pedro de, cruel execution of Sentmanat, 1. 117; commands at Matamoros, 148; and Taylor, 148, 149, 158, 455; intention to attack, subordinated to Arista, 149, 455; and guerillas, 153; character and appearance, 158, 234; propaganda among American troops, 160; in advance, 162; before Fort Brown, 164, 166, 176, 468; at Palo Alto, 165; and rumors of Arista's treachery, 168, 172; at Resaca de la Palma, 174; preparations and force at Monterey, 230-1, 234, 494; position and policy in command at Monterey, 234; "Culinary Knight," 241; during attack on city, 241, 242, 248, 255, 258, 259, 501; capitulation and retirement, 259, 502, 504; and Pass of Rinconada, 265, 508; at Buena Vista, 366, 388-91; and Wool's march, 510; force at San Luis Potosi, 550; trial, 550; hostility to Santa Anna, 2. 82; sent away, 84.

Amusements, Mexican, 1. 19, 23, 24, 27.

Anaya, J. P., at Mazatlán, 2. 448.

Anaya, P. M., substitute President, 2. 15; council to consider defence of capital, 79; on effect of Cerro Gordo, 80; and Santa Anna, 82, 92; and Santa Anna's return to capital, 83; at Churubusco, 110; chosen interim President, 236; suppresses warparty insurrection, 236; term expires, 240; appearance, at exchange of ratifications, 251; brigade, 369; in meeting of governors on peace, 464.

Anderson, Robert, military book, 1. 451; and volunteer officers, 481; on American rule in Puebla, 2. 225; on effect of victories, 305; on Cerro Gordo, 354; on Worth, 360.

Andrade, Manuel, at Cedral, 1. 553; at Buena Vista, 557; at Molino del Key, 2. 141, 146, 404.

Andrews, T. P., at Chapultepec, 2. 154; regiment, 363; at Churubusco, 385. See also Voltigeurs.

Angeles. See Los Angeles.

Angostura, at Buena Vista, 1. 383-6.

Annexations of Mexican War, Mexican desire for, effect on, of occupation, 2. 125, 215, 323; as only guaranty of order, 234; plan to absorb Mexico, 243-4, 309; opposition to any, 274, 287-9, 492, 498, 502; and Wilmot Proviso, 287-8, 498; foreign opinion on, 297, 308; Yucatan, 472; Polk and policy, 502. See also California; Expansion; Peace; Texas.

Antigua, expedition, 2. 38, 344. Antislavery sentiment, as expected factor in war, 1. 105, 107; and Mexico, 119. See also Slavery.

Antón Lizardo, rendezvous of Vera Cruz expedition, 2. 17, 332. Apache Canyon, N. Mex., expected fight at, 1. 293-5, 516.

Apodaca, Juan Ruiz de, and liberal constitution, 1. 32.

Appropriations for American navy, 1. 190, 2. 189. See also Finances.

Arab, Santa Anna returns in, 1. 486.

Arbitrary rule, tradition, 1. 30.

Arbitration of claims on Mexico, 1. 79-81, 429-31.

Archer, William S., and advance to Rio Grande, 1. 152; and war bill, 182; and British mediation, 2. 504.

style="padding-left:2em; text-indent:-2em;"|Argüelles, D. (at Belen garita, 2. 159, 160.

Arista, Mariano, position, commands at Matamoros, 1. 149; orders troops to cross and attack, 149; on beginning of war, 155; force, 158; propaganda among American troops, 160; and outlook, 161; advance on Taylor's communications, 162, 464; battle of Palo Alto, 164-70, 465; treachery rumored, 168, 172; battle of Resaca de la Palma, 170-6, 467; position after battle, 177; retires from Matamoros, 177-8, 469; relieved of command, 178; pursuit, 204; effect of defeat, 213; rebuilds army, 225, 489; and Fort Brown, 468; hostility to Santa Anna, 2. 82; sent away, 84; refuses command, 182.

Aristocracy, conditions, aspect, 1. 5. 23-7; fears American influence, 103, See also Oligarchy.

Arkansas troops, and Santa Anna's advance, 1. 383, 554; at Buena Vista, 386, 555, 558; in Wool's march, 509; call (1847), 2. 365; in Taylor's later force, 417.

Arlégui, J. M. de, and Doniphan's expedition, 1. 521.

Armijo, Manuel, control of New Mexico, character, 1. 285, 2. 216; and advance of Kearny's expedition, 1. 289, 292-3, 516; wavering and flight, 294-5, 516-7.

Armistice, Taylor's, at Monterey, 1. 259, 501-6; terminated, 263-4; after Churubusco, 2. 133; Santa Anna's activity and position, 134; peace negotiations during, 135-8, 396-400; question of extension, 136, 398; Santa Anna violates, 137; terminated, 138, 399; results, 138; terms, 394; wisdom, 394; clashes during, 396; opposing views on, 399; question and renewed peace negotiations, 240, 242; after signing of peace treaty, terms, 242, 471.

Arms, Mexican, 1. 156-7, 462; of American army, 450.

Army, American, character of official reports, 1. ix, 404; belittled by foreigners, 105; condition, arms (1845), 139, 450-1; war acts on regulars, 190, 191, 474; attitude of regulars, 208, 481; size before call for Vera Cruz expedition, 537; regular force during war, recruiting, 537; Ten Regiment Bill and amendment, 2. 74-6, 363; question of lieutenant generalcy and major general cy commanding for Benton, 75, 365; character of new officers under Ten Regiment Bill, 76; statistical facts, 318, 511, 512; regulars and volunteers contrasted, 319-20, 512-3; character of special arms, 320, 513; general character and achievement, 321; Voltigeurs, 363; bounty, 364; authorized regular (1847), 431; supposed size (Nov. 1847), 432. See also Morale; Mounted Riflemen; Voltigeurs; Volunteers; and officers and campaigns by name, regular regiments by number, and volunteers by name of state.

Army, Mexican, position and character of officers, 1. 8-10, 408; of rank and file, 10; cavalry and artillery, 11; and Iturbide, 35; power, 36; supports Guerrero, 41; and Bustamante, 43; backs Santa Anna (1832), 45; Farias' attempted reforms, 45; makes Santa Anna dictator, 46; and Seven Laws, 47; and financial crisis, 48; revolts against Santa Anna, 53; and Herrera, 55; foreign opinion, 106, 440; Mexican opinion, 106; organization and condition (1845), 156-7, 461-2; size then, 157; and Paredes, 214; fragmentary character, 494; condition and command after elimination of Santa Anna (1847), 2. 182, 429-30; as fighters, 311; and civil discouragement, 509. See also commanders and campaigns by name, especially Ampudia; Arista; Santa Anna.

Army of the East, Mexican, 2. 88, 369.

Army of the North, Mexican, 2. 88, 369. See also Valencia.

Army of the South, Mexican, 2. 88. See also Alvarez.

Arrangóiz, J., Mexican consul at New Orleans, on hope in privateering, 1. 109.

Arriero, 1. 18.

Arroyo, Miguel, and douceur fund, 2. 391.

Arroyo Colorado, Mejia's ruse at crossing, 1. 147.

Art of war, 1. 405.

Arteaga, M., at Cerro Gordo, 2. 347, 352.

Artillery, Mexican, 1. 11, 156, 461-2; in Monterey campaign, 1. 228; field, of American army at outbreak of war, 450; in Scott's army. 2. 77, 365; character of American, 320. See also regiments by number.

Artillery Battalion, in Monterey campaign, 1. 241, 242, 244, 492, 496, 501, 508; at Resaca de la Palma, 467. See also Childs.

Ashburnham, Charles, British charge at Mexico, on Mexican relations, 1. 74; on Mexican obduracy, 134.

Ashburton, Baron, and California, 1. 524; and control of Mexico, 2. 309.

Ashmun, George, and advance to Rio Grande, 1. 456.

Assessments, American, on Mexicans, 2. 264-6, 485-8.

Atalaya, hill at Cerro Gordo, 2. 45 ; occupied by Americans, 50-3.

Athenæum, and American absorption of Mexico, 2. 297.

Atlixco, aspect, Rea at, 2. 178; Lane's attack, 179, 426.

Atocha, A. J., and Santa Anna, 1. 202 ; and peace negotiations, 2. 123, 124, 126, 387.

Atristain, Miguel, peace commissioner, 2. 135, 239.

Attitude toward Mexico, American, 1. 58, 60, 61, 65, 76-8, 85, 88-91, 95, 100, 101, 117-21, 125-7, 130-4, 323, 332, 422, 428, 429, 434-6, 439, 443-5, 458-61, 2. 121, 123, 310, 508. See also Conquered territory; Diplomatic intercourse; Outbreak; Preparation.

Attitude toward the war, of Mexican people, 1. 115-6, 442, 2. 312, 510. See also Opposition; Popularity ; Preparation.

Attitude toward United States, Mexican, 1. 28, 57-61, 63, 67, 70, 77, 81, 1 83, 102, 109, 111, 116, 161, 375-6, 418, 423, 431, 484, 2. 124, 310. See also Diplomatic intercourse; Outbreak; Preparation.

Aulick, J. H., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 238.

Aurora de la Libertad, excites fears of Spanish America, 1. 112; appeal to Europe, 114.

Avalos, F., and plans against Taylor, 2. 165, 419.

Ayotla, Twiggs at, 2. 94.

Ayuntamientos, in occupied territory, 2. 229, 461.

B

Backus, Electus, at Monterey, 1. 252, 500; on mistakes there, 502.

Badillo, Colonel, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 44.

Bahía company, at Monterey, 1. 494.

Baker, E. D., wounded, 1. 207; on war and expansion, 444; and absorption of Mexico, 2. 243; at Cerro Gordo, 352.

Balderas, Lucas, killed at Molino del Key, 2. 145.

Baldwin, John, claim, 1. 427.

Ballentine, George, on American infantry, 1. 451; on Tampico and American occupation, 2. 461.

Baltimore American, on California, 1. 325.

Baltimore troops. See Washington and Baltimore battalion.

Bancroft, George, on Polk and California, 1. 127; on Polk's reluctance to fight, 127, 133; on Polk's ability, 129; and war, 181; instructions to Sloat, 530; as secretary of the navy, 2. 190; and plan to attack Ulúa, 201; and Conner, 201; and absorption of Mexico, 243; on war finances, 260; on victories and foreign relations, 305; on British and war annexations, 309; on influence abroad of war, 324.

Bancroft, H. H., on Castro's meeting, 1. 526; on Gillespie, 526; on Sloat, 530, 531.

Baneneli, J., at Cerro Gordo, 2. 55.

Bankhead, Charles, British minister at Mexico, and annexation of Texas, 1. 85; and Mexican-American relations, 91-3, 435; and Oregon and Mexican controversies, 1 14-5; on Rio Grande campaign, 179, 180; on Mexican abandonment of California, 319, 322; on Mexican war enthusiasm, 442; on Santa Anna and peace (1846), 487; on factions of Federalists, 2.4; on Mexican finances, 8, 328; on Mexican attitude toward peace (1846), 122, 386; and Trist mission, 129-31, 133, 390; and privateering, 192; and mediation, 368, 504; on evacuation of city, 415.

Bankhead, James, occupation of Córdoba and Orizaba, 2. 184-5, 222, 433; at siege of Vera Cruz, 335; in command at Vera Cruz, 432, 457.

Banking, Mexican attempt, 1. 17. See also Finances.

Baranda, Manuel, and return of Santa Anna, 1. 221, 2. 368; and Trist mission, 132, 390.

Barbour, P. N. at Resaca de la Palma, 1. 174. Barker, E. C., acknowledgment to, 1. 450. Barnburners, and Polk, 2. 270, 281.

Barrios, Colonel, at Belen garita, 2. 159, 160.

Barron, E., British consul at Tepic, and California, 1. 524.

Beach, Moses Y., in Mexico, intrigue, 2. 11-4, 65; escape, 14, 332; and absorption of Mexico, 243; on intrigue, 331.

Beale, E. F., and battle of San Pascual, 1. 535.

Beale's grant, 1. 449.

Bear Flag war, 1. 331-3, 528-9, 531.

Beauregard, P. G. T., and landing at Vera Cruz, 2. 23, 336; at Cerro Gordo, 50, 350; reconnoitres Contreras route, 103; on plan of attack of capital, 149; at Belén garita, wounded, 160, 415; engineer with Scott, 366; at battle of Contreras, 379; reconnoitres southern approach of capital, 408; on Mexican soldiers, 509.

Béjar company, at Monterey, 1. 494.

Belén garita and citadel, 2. 147; Quitman's attack, 158-60, 162, 412, 4146.

Belknap, W. G., at Palo Alto, 1. 164 ; at Resaca de la Palma, 174.

Belknap, Camp, 1. 206.

Belmont, August, and American funds in Mexico, 2. 266, 488; and war loans, 482.

Belton, F. M., at Tampico, 1. 281, 512.

Benham, F. G., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 338.

Benham, H. W., on Taylor's carelessness at Agua Nueva, 1. 549.

Benjamin, Calvin, at Chapultepec, 2. 156; at Belén garita, killed; 160.

Benjamin, Park, on call to arms, 1. 193.

Bentinck, Lord George, and interposition, 2. 302.

Benton, T. H., on Polk and war, 1. 130; and war, 182, 183, 471; on cause of war, 189; and Scott, 197, 354; welcome to Doniphan's force, 314; war plan, 349, 351; on advance to Rio Grande, 458; and Doniphan's expedition, 517; on Gillespie's mission to Frémont, 528; and lieutenant generalcy, 2. 75, 363 ; and peace, 123; opposes Slidell as peace commissioner, 126; and treaty of peace, 247, 473, 475; public land gradation policy, 261, 482; and tariff for Mexican ports, 261; character and leadership, 282, 291; and major-generalcy, 365.

Bent's Fort, Kearny's expedition at, 1. 288-9, 515.

Bermúdez de Castro, Salvador, Spanish minister at Mexico, and Slidell mission, 1. 100; on Mexican aggression, 455; on Mexican finances, 2. 8; on difficulties of march to Mexico City, 37; on Trist mission, 132; and peace, 133; and privateering, 192; and war, 298; on American army, 321; on Scott's expedition, 357.

Berra, F., at Monterey, 1. 248.

Berrien, J. M., and war bill, 1. 183; and treaty of peace, 2. 247; no annexation plan, 287-8, 498.

Biddle, James, on Asia station, 2. 189: commands Pacific squadron, vessels, 206, 447.

Bidwell, John, and Bear Flag war, 1. 529.

Bishop's Palace at Monterey, in battle, capture, 1. 239, 245, 247-8.

Bissell, W. H., at Buena Vista, 1. 390, 391, 394.

Black, John, American consul at Mexico, and restoration of intercourse, 1.89, 91, 96; and Slidell mission, 145, 453; report on Santa Anna's attitude, 201; expelled, 2. 41; and peace negotiations, 122.

Black, S. W., at siege of Puebla, 2. 174, 424.

Black Pass. See Hoya.

Blair, F. P., Sr., warning on political effect of war, 1. 353; on Polk, 2. 270; on excesses in New Mexico, 453.

Blake, J. E., at Palo Alto, 1. 165.

Blanchard, A. G., in Monterey campaign, 1. 241, 245, 247, 492, 496-8; advance to Saltillo, 264.

Blanco, Colonel, and Wool's march, 1. 273, 274, 510; guerilla, 274, 283. Blanco, S., at Buena Vista, 1. 389.

Bliss, W. W. S., as Taylor's adjutant, 1. 141, 261, 451, 2. 318; on Rio Grande campaign, 1. 179; parley after Buena Vista, 398; at Palo Alto, 466.

Blockade, not feared by Mexico, 1. 110; expected European difficulty, 114; policy, character, 2. 193, 208, 303, 440; physical difficulties, 194-5 ; on Pacific coast, 205-6, 446, 448.

Bloomington (Muscatine), Iowa, on good will toward Mexico, 2. 508.

Boca Chica, 1. 205, 480.

Bocanegra, J. M., character, 1. 25 ; American correspondence, 68; and decree expelling Americans, 73 ; and Texas, 84, 85, 419, 433.

Bocas, force at, 1. 553.

Boletín Oficial, on Mexican army, 1. 106; on Santa Anna, 487.

Bonham, M. L., regiment, 2. 363 ; leaves Mexico City, 476.

Bonita, captured, 1. 511; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 238; added to navy, 438; in Home Squadron, 442, 446 ; in attack at Tuxpán, 444.

Bonneville, B. L. E., and Wool, 1. 509.

Borland, Solon, carelessness and capture, 1. 370-1. See also Encarnación prisoners.

Boston, wrecked, 2. 449.

Boston Atlas, demand for war, 1. 456 ; on Folk's Cabinet, 2. 270; on Polk, 275, 276; on outlook of war, 277; encourages enemy, 280; on tariff, 286; on Folk's war policy, 288.

Botts, J. M., opposes war, 1. 189.

Bouck, W. C., federal appointment, 2. 271.

Boundaries, Mexican negotiation on Louisiana Purchase, 1. 59-61, 418; Sabine River, 63; offer of compensation for proper Texan, 84-5, 88, 91, 95, 436; southern, of Texas, 138, 449, 457, 470; Texan, in peace negotiations, 2. 135-6, 238, 396, 399, 463, 464, 469. See also Annexations.

Bounty in Ten Regiment Bill, 2. 364, 490.

Bowles, W. A., at Buena Vista, 1. 388, 390, 391, 555, 557.

Boyd, J. McH., American chargé at London, reports cited passim.

Bragg, Braxton, force in Texas, 1. 146, 452; at Fort Brown, 163; at Monterey, 251, 254, 492, 496; at Buena Vista, 388, 390-2, 395, 555, 557, 558; on reports, 404; field battery, 450; in Harney's brigade, 541; on Scott's order against the cabal, 2. 436; sent to New Mexico, 475.

Bravo, Nicolás, as partisan leader, 1. 32; revolt against Itúrbide, 35 ; Presidential candidacy, 37; attempted revolt (1827), 38; pardoned, 44; acting President (1846), reforms, 217; and revolt, 217; incites against United States, 418 ; and Santa Anna (1847), 2. 82, 83; retires, 84; at Churubusco, 113, 117 ; and desire for peace, 122; at Chapultepec, surrenders, 153, 155, 157, 408, 411; and guerilla warfare, 173.

Bravos battalion, formation, 2. 3; at Churubusco, 111.

Brazito affair, 1. 301-2, 518.

Brazos Island, camp, 1. 205.

Breckenridge, H. M., claims commissioner, 1. 430.

Breese, Sidney, position in Senate, 2. 496.

Bribery money in peace negotiations, 2. 131-2, 390.

Bridgehead at Churubusco, 2. Ill ; maps, 112, 113; attack and capture, 114-6, 383.

Briggs, G. N., on attitude toward war, 2. 492.

Brinkerhoff, Jacob, and advance to Rio Grande, 1. 456; position in House, 2. 496; and Wilmot Proviso, 498.

Briscoe, W. F., guerilla attack on, 2. 423.

Britannia, on American army, 1. 105 ; on military titles, 2. 295; on people, 295; on Polk, 300; on conquests in India, 302; on guerilla warfare, 306; criticism of military operations, 307, 308; on absorption of Mexico, 309.

British in Mexico, merchants, 1. 5, 17; mining companies, 15.

Broglie, Duc de, and war, 2. 303.

Brokers, in Mexican public finances, 2. 327.

Brooke, G. M., and reinforcement of Tampico, 1. 282, 512; and alarm over Buena Vista, 400.

Brooks, W. T. H., at Contreras, 2. 108.

Brough, C. H., in Lane's march to Puebla, 2. 426.

Brown,——, American agent to Santa Anna, 1. 479.

Brown, Jacob, at Fort Brown, 1. 163 ; killed, 176, 468.

Brown, Milton, on advance to Rio Grande, 1. 457.

Brown, Fort, construction, position, map, 1. 148, 159, 463, 468; attack on, and battle of Resaca de la Palma, 164, 176, 467-9; former names, 454.

Bryce, James, on justice of expansion, 2. 323.

Buchanan, James, and Almonte, 1. 87; and Slidell mission, instructions, 95, 100, 127, 436-7; on war spirit, 126; on peaceful policy, 131; and monarchist plans in Mexico, 135, 448 ; and southern boundary of Texas, 139; and California, 327; and defensive-line policy, 348; and Patterson, 351; and war programme, 351; and Parrott, 434; and Gillespie, 528; desire for peace negotiations, 2. 121; overtures (1846), 122, 386; and Trist, 127, 128; appearance, 128; and recall of Trist, 236, 237, 464; and absorption of Mexico, 243, 244; opposes treaty, 246, 471; as Cabinet officer, 282; and Dallas faction, 282; circular and conciliation of European opinion, 297, 502; and British offer of mediation, 301, 504; and Beach, 331; and Scott-Trist, 390; does not expect peace, 391; on Texas and Kearny's occupation of New Mexico, 497; and annexation and slavery, 502; and Polk, 510.

Buena Vista, later force at, 2. 417, 418; mutiny, 418. See also next title.

Buena Vista campaign, Taylor's insubordinate advance to Agua Nueva, 1. 368, 373-4, 547-8; carelessness and capture of Wool's scouting parties, 3701; lessened morale of Wool's force, 371; Taylor's unstrategic position and carelessness, 374, 549, 550; assembling of Santa Anna's army, 374-9, 550; plan to attack Taylor's weak and isolated force, 379, 543, 552; Mexican advance for surprise, 380-8, 553, 554; map of route between Mexico and Agua Nueva, 381; Mexican force, 381, 552; flight of Americans to Buena Vista, 382-3, 554; map of roads between Monterey and El Encarnacion, 382; Taylor's trips to Saltillo, 383, 388, 555, 556; pursuit of Americans, 384, 555; Santa Anna's failure to charge, 384; his play for time, 385, 555; field, 385; American position and force, 386, 548, 555; flank movement on American left, 386, 388; map of field, 387; condition of troops during night, 388; second day: mass in Mexican army, 388; continuation of flanking, 389, 390; repulse of Blanco's frontal charge, 389; Pacheco's advance on American left, 389-91, 557, 558; repulse of flanking force, 391; repulse of Pacheco, 391; rout of flanking force, ruse to save it, 392-3, 558; criticism of Santa Anna's tactics, 393, 558; Hardin's charge and repulse, 393, 559; repulse of Perez's charge on centre, 394-5; Minon's repulse at Saltillo, 395, 555, 556, 559; factors in American success, Taylor, 395-6, 559; Mexican valor, 396; losses and condition of American army, 396, 561; Taylor's determination to hold ground, 397, 561; condition of the Mexican army, 397; Santa Anna's retirement to preserve organization, 397-8, 562; parley, 398, 562; horrors of Mexican retreat, 399; Santa Anna credited with victory, 399; Taylor's tardy advance, 399; forays in his rear, 399, 562; alarm in United States, reaction, 400; Mexican batteries, 556; question of Taylor's order to retreat, 558; foreign comment, 2. 307.

Bullion, export forbidden, 2. 487.

Burke, Edmund, on arbitrary government, 1. 52; on political slavery, 2. 311.

Burnett, E. C., acknowledgment to, 1. 419.

Burnett, W. B., wounded at Churubusco, 2. 117.

Burns,——, paymaster, and Leonidas letter, 2. 435, 437.

Burr, Aaron, and spirit of expansion, 1. 123, 444. Burrita, expedition, 1. 177, 469; camp, 206.

Burrough, Marmaduke, American consul at Vera Cruz, reports cited passim.

Burton, H. S., in Lower California, 2. 448, 449, 476.

Bustamante, Anastasio, Vice-President, revolt, 1. 43; as President, 43; resigns, reëlevates Pedraza, 45; returns to power, Santa Anna undermines, 47-51; and California, 319; and chief command, 2. 182.

Butler, Andrew P., position in Senate, 2. 496.

Butler, Anthony, as minister at Mexico, 1. 62, 419, 420; and Sabine River boundary, 64; and claims, 76, 427, 428; and Scott, 476.

Butler, B. F., on Polk, 2. 272.

Butler, P. M., killed, 2. 117. See also Palmetto.

Butler, W. O., division in march to Monterey, 1. 229, 492, 496; in battle of Monterey, 252-4, 499; command and force at Monterey (Dec. 1846), 283, 357; and command of Vera Cruz expedition, 351; and expected attack, 358; Scott's instructions on troops for Vera Cruz, 362; in command at Saltillo, 370, 549; at Brazos, 476; takes reinforcements to Scott, 2. 184; succeeds Scott, 188, 438; evacuates Mexico City, 252, 476; and Price's Resales expedition, 419; retained in service, 432; division garrisoned at Molino del Rey, 461; and peace commission, 464.

C

Cabinet, character of Folk's, 2. 269, 282.

Cadereita, aspect, 1. 357.

Cadwalader, George, reinforcements for Scott, 2. 77; brigade in Scott's army, 78, 363; at Contreras, 105, 108, 379; at Churubusco, 110; advance after armistice, 142; at Molino del Rey, 144-6, 402, 403; at San Cosme garita, 161, 414; and douceur, 391; and plan of attack on capital, 408; at Chapultepec, 410; occupies Toluca, 433; leaves Mexico, 438.

Cahuenga, capitulation of, 1. 345.

Calderón de la Barca, J. M., Spanish minister at Washington, on Mexican army, 1. 106.

Calhoun, J. C., and annexation of Texas, 1. 84, 86, 433; opposition to war, 123, 182, 183, 185-7, 189, 443, 472; desire to supplant, 123, 2. 257; on unrest, 1. 124; and defensive-line policy, 348, 2. 183; and advance to the Rio Grande, 1. 457, 458; and Oregon question, 458; and lieutenant generalcy for Benton, 2. 75; and peace, 125; and Folk's Cabinet, 269; encourages enemy, 281; followers and Polk, 281, 496; character and leadership, 282, 291; and Wilmot Proviso, 287; on treaty of peace, 472; and war annexations, 499.

California, Jones at Monterey, 1. 69, 423; abuse and expulsion of Americans, 71, 73, 423; misgovernment and expulsion of Mexican officials, virtual abdication, 87, 319-22, 522, 523; European interference feared, American precautions against it, 90, 95, 325-6, 530; offer to purchase, 95, 436; attitude of American government, 127, 324-5; conditions under Mexican rule, 315; population, 315; character and life of Californians, 315-7; map of coast, (1846), 316; map of northern, 317; foreign element, commerce, 317-9, 521; question of future, American interest, 322-4, 444, 523; Great Britain and, 323-5, 334, 336, 524, 527, 531, 2. 302, 308, 505; France and, 1. 324, 32/, 523; expected peaceful acquisition, 325; and cause of Mexican War, 326, 526; attitude of Californians toward foreign control, 327-9, 526; factional war (1846), 329, 527; Frémont and Castro, 331, 528; Gillespie and Frémont's return, Bear Flag war, 331-3, 528-9, 531; its results, 333; Sloat's hesitation, 333-4, 530, 531; possession taken at Monterey, 334-5, 531; defensive union of factions, 335; Stockton-Frémont union and address, 336, 532; first southern campaign, 336-7, 532; Stockton's rule, 337-8; rising in south against Gillespie's rule, 338-9, 533-1; second southern campaign, 339-46, 534-6; Kearny, battle of San Pascual, 341, 534; American force, 342, 535, 2. 219, 432; advance and recapture of Los Angeles, 1. 342-4; Frémont's conduct, his capitulation with insurgents, 345-6, 535-6, 2. 218; results, 1. 346, 536; in peace negotiations and treaty, 135, 136, 238, 240, 248, 468, 469; under American rule, 217-20, 285, 454; justice of acquisition, 322, 514; friction between Kearny and Frémont, 454.

Callender, F. D., at Contreras, 2. 104, 105.

Camargo, occupation, as camp, 1. 210, 484; camp broken up, 356; troops left at, 493; force at (Oct.), 506.

Cameron, J. A., American consul at Vera Cruz, reports cited passim.

Campbell, J. A., opposes war, 1. 189.

Campbell, R. B., American consul at Havana, and Santa Anna, 1. 221; on strength of Ulúa, 536; and spy for Scott, 2. 332.

Campbell, W. B., in battle of Monterey, 1. 249, 252; on mistakes at Monterey, 502, 505; on Taylor, 549, 2. 316; at Cerro Gordo, 56, 57, 353; on attitude on reinlistment, 63; on Pillow, 377, 435.

Campomanes (Campos), ——, intermediary between Scott and clergy, 2. 357.

Campos. See Campomanes.

Camps, Taylor's, at Corpus Christi, 1. 143; Texan, of Taylor's reinforcements, 205-7, 480; Camargo, sickness, 211, 484, 493; Cerralvo, 212, 229, 493; Scott's, before Vera Cruz, 2. 27; Vergara, 222.

Campusano, Antonio, at Guaymas, 2. 206, 209, 447.

Canales, Antonio, force at Matamoros, 1. 158; character, 158; at Palo Alto, 165, 166; at Resaca de la Palma, 171, 174; and Fort Brown, 176; leaves Taylor's advance unopposed, 226, 236, 495; guerilla warfare, 479, 2. 169-70.

Canalizo, Valentín, command below Perote, and preparations, 2. 40, 41, 47, 61, 347; at Cerro Gordo, 45, 352; in the battle, 52, 55; and Santa Anna at Orizaba, 68; and army at capital, 88; in plan of its defence, 90; fails, 95; combination against Santa Anna, 134.

Canitz, Baron von, Prussian minister of foreign relations, and the war, 2. 298, 403.

Canning, George, on national responsibility, 1. 76.

Cano, Juan, at La Hoya, 2. 42; at Cerro Gordo, 44.

Cárdenas, J., protest to Taylor, 1. 454.

Carmelita, captured, 2. 191.

Carmen Island, occupied, 2. 204.

Carnero Pass, Taylor and, 1. 549.

Carpender, E. W., and loss of Truxtun, 2. 445.

Carrasco, J. M., at Monterey, 1. 252. Carson, Kit, and battle of San Pascual, 1. 535.

Casa Mata, defences, 2. 140; force, 142; capture, 145, 146, 403; blown up, 404.

Casey, Silas, at Chapultepec, 2. 153, 156, 410; wounded, 157.

Cass, Lewis, and Gaines's Texan expedition, 1. 66; and war bill, 183 ; and Oregon, 200; on defensive-line policy, 348; and absorption of Mexico, 2. 243; and Barnburners, 281; character and leadership, 282 ; on annexation of Texas, 509.

Castillo, Pedro Fernández del, as claims commissioner, 1. 80, 429-31.

Castillo y Lanzas, J. M. de, minister at Washington, 1. 77; minister of relations, and Slidell, 100, 120, 438, 439; on approach of war, 104.

Castro, José, leader in California, 1. 319; comandante general, 319 ; and foreign occupation, 328, 329, 526; civil war with Pico, 329; and Frémont, 331, 528; and American occupation, 335-7, 530, 532; leaves, 337, 533; and Bear Flag war, 529 ; returns, 2. 219.

Caswell, W. R., on Pillow, 1. 361.

Causes of the war, in general, 1. 5899, 102-16, 134-7, 148-5X), 153-5, 158, 179, 185, 432-3, 439, 442, 448, 457-61, 470-3; special, 189-90, 4713; advance to Rio Grande not cause, 154-5. See also Outbreak ; Preparation.

Cavalry, Mexican, 1. 11, 19; in Scott's advance on Mexico, 2. 77; call for American volunteer, 365. See also Dragoons.

Ceballos, Ramón de, on treatment by Americans, 2. 324.

Cedral, force at, 1. 553.

Centralists, oligarchy as, 1. 37; party resentment, 38-9; Santa Anna supports, 46-7, 415; rule, 47-8; and Farias (1846), 2. 9. See also Federalism; Oligarchy.

Cerralvo, as camp, 1. 212, 229, 493; occupied, 229, 562; force at, 2. 417.

Cerro Gordo, as defensive point, 2. 40, 41; map of contour lines near, 40; selected as point to resist Scott's advance, 42; field, defences, 42-5, 347, 348; general map of battle, 43 ; size and condition of Mexican force, 44-5, 347; Twiggs's force and artillery, 45; Twiggs's character, 48 ; his blunder into, and retreat, 48 ; question of precipitous assault, 489; Scott on field, 49; reconnaissance, 50, 349; Scott's force, 50; advance flanking Mexican left, 50-1, 53, 55, 350-2, 354; map of central part of battle, 51; capture of La Atalaya, 51; attacks on and capture of Télegrafo, 52-5, 350, 352, 354; flight of flanked Mexicans, 54, 58-9 ; Pillow's mismanaged attack, 56-8, 352-3; pursuit to Jalapa, 58, 59, 354; spoils, losses, 58, 353; character of Scott's report, 59, 354; effect on Mexicans, 80.

Chachapa conference, 2. 70, 360.

Chalco, Worth at, 2. 94.

Chamberlain, S. E., on retreat to Buena Vista, 1. 554.

Chapultepec, and battle of Molino del Rey, 2. 143, 145, 402, 403; and approach of Mexico City, 149; decision to attack, 149, 408; position and defences, 149-52, 405-6, 408; maps, 150, 151; American dispositions and bombardment, 152-3, 409 ; plan for assault, 153; misgivings, 153-4; attack on grove and outworks, 154, 155; problem of Santa Anna's support, 154-5, 410; charge to the fosse, delay, 155-6, 409; attack on gateway, 156, 158, 411; capture of fort, 157, 410, 411; view from, 158; losses, 158,411; Worth's advance, 160, 410; and armistice, 394; Mexican force, 408; wisdom of attack, 408; threat to American rear during attack, 410

Character, Mexican, 1. 3-7, 15, 18-28, 53, 57, 115, 229, 266, 285, 293, 295, 315-7, 320, 333, 339, 346, 396, 407-9, 416-8, 438, 455, 2. 1-2, 31, 32, 45, 63, 79-87, 91-2. 132, 136, 170, 228, 230-1, 233-5. 251, 254, 297, 306, 3102, 323, 327, 329, 346, 367, 449, 450, 461, 509. See-also Population; Social condition.

Charleston Courier, on war spirit, 1. 132; and the war, 473.

Charleston Mercury, on Folk's alarm, 1. 476.

Charleston Patriot, and the war, 1. 473.

Chase, Franklin, consul at Tampico, and occupation of city, 1. 279, 511. Chase, Mrs. Franklin, and occupation of Tampico, 1. 279, 511.

Cheatham, B. F., on mistakes at Monterey, 1. 502.

Chew, Samuel, claim, 1. 426.

Chihuahua, situation, 1. 3; plans for expedition against, 266; gathering of Wool's force, 267-70; his advance to Monclova, 270-3, 509; his difficulties, 273-4, 509-10; advance to Parras, 274-5, 510; diversion of Wool's march, 275; results of march, 276, 510; and caravan trade, 286; Doniphan's force against, 298-9, 519; his march to El Paso, Brazito affair, 299-303, 518; his advance to Sacramento River, 303-4, 519"; political affairs and preparations against Doniphan, Mexican force, 304-6, 519; battle of Sacramento, 306-13, 520; occupied, 313, 520; Doniphan's negotiations, 313; his march to Saltillo, 313, 521; occupied by Price, 2. 166, 419; under American rule, 454.

Chihuahua Rangers, in Doniphan's expedition, 303, 519.

Childs, Thomas, at Palo Alto, 1. 164; at Monterey, 241, 246; at Jalapa, 2. 361; command at Puebla, besieged, 2. 174-8, 424; as governor, 226.

Chimalpa, Pillow at, 2. 95.

China, Mexico, proposed attack on Texans at, 1. 235.

Chiquihuite, as defensive point, 2. 41.

Chronology of the war, 1. xix-xxi.

Churchill, Sylvester, in Wool's march, 1. 270, 273.

Churchill, W. H., at Palo Alto, 1. 164, 167, 466.

Churubusco, defences, 2. 98, 110-1, 382; map of battle, 111; maps of bridgehead, 112, 113; capture of San Antonio, 112; pursuit of Mexicans to bridgehead, 113; Coyoacán as American point of concentration, 112, 382, 383; attack and capture of convent, 113-4, 117, 382, 383, 385; map of convent, 114; attack and capture of bridgehead, 114-6, 383; Shields-Pierce flank attack, 115-7, 384; pursuit of Mexicans, 117; Kearny's charge, 118; losses, spoils, 118; American elation, 1189; Scott's army after the battle, 120; why not followed up, 120-1 386, 393; Scott's probable plan, 383; as blunder, 383; effect on morale, 384; Mexican force, 385; Pillow's troops in, 385; fate of captured American deserters, 385.

Citadel at Mexico City, 2. 159, 160, 413, 415.

Cities of Mexico, 1. 2.

Civil service, Mexican, character, 1. 11, 20.

Claiborne, J. F. H., on war spirit, 1. 444.

Claims against Mexico, European, 1, 74, 425; American, and conduct of Americans, 74; character and justice, 74-6, 424-7; American patience and forbearance, 76, 427; Jackson's Message (1837), 77-8, 428; demand (1837), 78-9, 429; arbitration, delays, 79-80, 429-31; award (1841), convention on payments, cessation of payments, excuse, 80, 431; question in efforts for resumption of intercourse, 92-5, 97, 435; Mexican attitude, 103; and cause of war, 120, 132, 134, 190, 448, 2. 279; Folk's review, 49; assumption in treaty of peace, 241, 468, 469; necessity of enforcement, 311.

Clamor de las Ovejas, 2. 346.

Clark, M. L., in Kearny's expedition, 1. 288; to hold Santa Fe, 298; joins Doniphan, 299, 303, 519; in battle of Sacramento, 310, 312.

Clarke, N. S., command at Matamoros, 1. 493; brigade in Scott's army, 2. 77; at Churubusco, 112, 113; at Molino del Rey, 144, 145, 402, 403; at Chapultepec, 157, 409; at San Cosme garita, 161, 162; occupies Cuernavaca, 433.

Classes, Mexican. See Population.

Clausewitz, Karl von, on simplicity of war, 1. 508.

Clay, C. M., captured, 1. 370-1. See also Encarnación prisoners.

Clay, Henry [1], on cause of war, 1. 189; speech and resolution on war, 2. 289; war programme, 290; results of policy, 314.

Clay, Henry [2], killed, 1. 394.

Clayton, J. M., and war bill, 1. 182; defence of Taylor, 260; and tariff of 1846, 2. 257, 496; position in Senate, 496.

Clergy. See Roman Catholic church.

Clifford, Nathan, and Scott's expedition, 1. 540; and tariff for Mexican ports, 2. 261; ratification commissioner, 249, 251, 474; minister at Mexico, 475.

Climate of Mexico, 1.1.

Coahuila state, overrun, 2. 418.

Coalition of Mexican states, and secession, 2. 87, 234; opposes peace, 131; and opposition to Santa Anna, 134, 136; and collapse of government, 428.

Cochelet, ——, French agent in Mexico, reports cited passim.

Collins, John, messenger to Wool, 1. 313.

Colombia. See New Granada.

Colonies, mercantile system, 1. 29.

Colquitt, W. T., position in Senate, 2. 496.

Colton, Walter, as alcalde, 1. 338.

Columbus, in Pacific squadron, 2. 447.

Comanche Indians, raids, 1. 479, 521.

Comandú, and American occupation, 2. 448.

Commander in the field, selection (1846), 1. 196-8, 200, 477; for Vera Cruz expedition, 351-4, 538-9; proposed lieutenant generalcy, 2. 75; Scott removed, 188, 437.

Commerce, American, influence on demand for war, 1. 122, 443. See also Santa Fe trail; Tariff.

Commerce, Mexican, mercantile class, 1. 5, 17; roads, inland transportation, 16, 18; protective tariff and prohibition, 17; smuggling, 17; American negotiations, 61, 419; over Santa Fe trail, 72; general restriction on American, 73, 424; of California, 317, 521; foreign, in occupied Mexican ports, 2. 262, 303, 484, 505, 506.

Commissaries, Mexican, 1. 157.

Concepción, Fort, at Vera Cruz, 2. 19.

Congress, American, and advance to the Rio Grande, 1. 151, 456-9, 2. 277; war Message and war bill, 1. 181-3, 470-3; war preparations, 190; and Oregon, 201; the Ten Regiment Bill, 2. 74-6; and lieutenant generalcy, 75, 363, 365; and two and three million funds, 123, 387; and military government, 220; and absorption of Mexico, 243-4; tariff of 1846, warehouse system, sub-treasury, 257, 478-9; treasury notes and loans, 258, 260, 264, 479, 485; proposed impost on tea and coffee, 261, 285, 482; proposed gradation of public lands, 261; initial popularity of war, 268; reaction, 269, 281; Democratic dissensions, lack of leaders, 281-3, 496; position of Whigs, leaders, 283, 496; character of war-time speeches, 284; attacks on war policy, 284-6; Wilmot Proviso, 286-7, 498; Whig noterritory plan, 287-8, 498; Clay's speech and resolutions, 289; demand for stoppage of supplies and recall of troops, 290-1, 500; Whig control of House, programme, 290; influence of success of war, 290; continued baiting of Polk, 291, 500; war-time character, 313-4; act (1847) for volunteers, 431; and Yucatan, 472; other war-time financial legislation, 489. See also Senate.

Congress, Mexican, first under Itúrbide, 1. 35-6; first republican, 36-7; first constitutional (1825), 37; and reëlevation of Pedraza, 45; and Farías' reforms, 46; of Santa Anna's supporters (1835), 47; Seven Laws (1835), 47; and Santa Anna, 52-3; character (1846), 2. 5; war-time Presidential elections, 5, 84, 236; war measure against church property, 9-12, 14, 329; new constitution (1847), 82; in abeyance, 85; and Trist mission, 130, 132; supports peace party, 236; ratifies treaty, 250-1, 474; and British mediation, 368.

Congress, in Pacific squadron, 1. 336, 337, 532, 2. 189, 206, 447; at Guaymas, 206, 447.

Connelly, Henry, and Kearny, 1. 516.

Conner, David, and resumption of intercourse (1845), 1. 94, 436; peaceful instructions to (1845), 131; and policy of bold military attitude, 152; and return of Santa Anna, 202, 478, 486, 487; attitude toward attack on Tampico, 277; occupies it, 279-81, 511-2; and the plan to attack Vera Cruz, 349-51, 536; and attack on Taylor, 466, 2. 197; and crossing of Rio Grande, 1. 469; and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. 18, 23, 332, 335, 336, 338; superseded by Perry, 30, 201; squadron, distribution, 189, 197, 442; and blockade, 193; difficulties of shore operations, 196; character as officer, 196, 444; attacks on Alvarado, 197-9, 442; Tabasco River expedition, 199-200; Yucatan operations, 201; and plans to attack Ulúa, 201, 444.

Conner, P. E., at Buena Vista, 1. 389, 556.

Conquered territory, policy of occupying territory, 1. 262, 266-7, 508, 2. 273, 492; civil government in New Mexico and California, 1. 337-8, 2. 217, 218, 285, 453; character of naval control, 208; policy toward noncombatants, conciliation, 210-1, 449; outrages by volunteers at Matamoros, 211, 450; and at Monterey, 212-3, 450; liquor and troubles, 212, 213, 224, 457; regulations at Monterey, later security, 213, 450-1; difficulty of convicting Mexican offenders, 213, 451; rule in Saltillo, 213, 452; police regulations, 213, 215, 229, 450, 452; conditions in Tampico, 214, 452; prosperity, 2145, 219; effect of occupation on Mexican desire for annexation, 215; excesses in New Mexico, 216, 453; Price's rule there, insurrection, 217; successful rule in California, 217-20, 454; use of local civil officers, 218, 229, 461; Scott's orders for military government, 220, 455-7; rule at Vera Cruz, 220-2, 457; at Córdoba and Orizaba, 222; affairs at Jalapa, 223-5, 458; excesses elsewhere, 224, 225; Mexican offences and exaggerations, 224; rule at Puebla, 225, 459; clemency toward Mexico City, 226, 459; military discipline there, 226, 459-60; life at capital during occupation, 226-8, 460; Mexican courts, 229; social relations, 230-1, 4612; general conclusions on conduct of occupation, 231-2; tariff, 261-3, 484; levies on Mexicans, 264-6, 485-8; American opposition to occupation, 273, 492; title by conquest, 285, 468, 497; justice of conquest, 322, 514; conditions at Chihuahua, 454.

Conspectus of events, 1. xix-xxi.

Constitutions, Spanish liberal (1820), 1. 32; first Mexican (1824), 36-7, 412-3; Seven Laws, 47; Bases of Tacubaya, 51; Organic Bases, 52; revival of Organic Bases, 217; renewal of constitution of 1824, 222, 488; of 1847, 2. 82.

Consuls in Mexico, cut off, 1. 212, 484.

Contreras, battle of, field, 2. 101; Valencia's occupation of it, 102, 104; American reconnaissance and advance, 103, 380; Pillow's attack and Riley's flank movement, 104, 376, 378, 380; support of Riley, 105, 107, 378-80; Santa Anna's movements, 105, 110, 379, 380; Valencia disobeys order to retire, 106; map, 107; American troops during night, 107; American flank and rear attack, 108-10, 379, 380; flight of Mexicans, 109; losses, spoils, 11.0; credit for victory, 376.

Convent at Churubusco, 2. Ill, 382; attack and capture, 113-1, 117, 382, 383, 385; map, 114.

Convoy. See Transportation.

Cooke, P. St. G., in Kearny's expedition, 1. 290, 293; in California, 2. 218, 455.

Córdoba, Bankhead's expedition, aspect of route to, 2. 184-5, 433; under American rule, 222, 229; Lane at, 427.

Corcoran, W. J., company raised by, 2. 431.

Corpus Christi, Taylor's force at, 1. 142, 452.

Corral Falso, as defensive point, 2. 39. 41, 42.

Corruption, Mexican, in army, 1. 9; in civil service, 12; extent and effect, 13, 57, 416-7; question in peace negotiations, 2. 123, 132, 390-1; and war-time trade, 263; and Mexican attitude on the war, 312.

Corwin, Thomas, on Scott, 1. 197; opposition to war, 2. 126; and treaty of peace, 247; effect of "hospitable graves" speech, 278, 494; demands recall of troops, 290.

Cos, M. P. de, at Tuxpán, 2. 202, 445. Cossack, claim, 1. 426.

Cost of the war to United States, 2. 266-7, 488.

Council Grove, trade rendezvous, 1. 288.

Courtesy, Mexican, 1. 26.

Couto, J. B., peace commissioner, 2. 135 239; and Peña, 180; on Trist, 323.

Cox, I. J., acknowledgment to, 1. 450.

Cox, Nathaniel, claim, 1. 426.

Coyoacán, force at, 2. 101; and battle of Churubusco, 112, 382-3.

Crampton, J. F. T., British chargé at Washington, and levy on Mexicans, 2. 486; on slavery and cessation of war, 500; on Whig war policy, 500.

Crawford, J. T., British consul at Tampico, reports cited passim.

Credit, lack of Mexican public, 2. 7, 253; American foreign, 256. See also Finances.

Creole, burned, 2. 444.

Creoles, characteristics, 1. 3, 407; and Spanish-born, 29; and independence, 30-1.

Crepúsculo, on Santa Anna as dictator, 1. 47; on Santa Anna and Zacatecas, 550.

Crime and criminal law, Mexican, 1. 13, 21.

Crittenden, J. J., and war bill, 1. 183, 187, 473, 2. 277; defence of Taylor, 1. 260; and Taylor's candidacy, 368; and tariff of 1846, 2. 257, 496; and plan to stop war, 290; position in Senate, 496; on American attitude toward Mexico, 508.

Cross, Trueman, killed, 1. 160, 463; on Taylor and transportation, 490.

Cuba, Mexico and, 1. 417; and Mexican privateering, 2. 192, 193.

Cuernavaca, and Santa Anna's dictatorship, 1. 46; occupied, 2. 184, 433.

Cuevas, L. G., on chances of expected war, 1. Ill; and annexation of Texas, 434; on resumption of intercourse, 435; and Peña, 2. 180; peace commissioner, 239, 466; on Trist, 323.

Cumberland, in Home Squadron, 2. 197, 442; damaged, 449.

Cumplido, I., Presidential candidacy, 2. 236.

Curtis, S. R., and forays on Taylor's rear, 1. 562.

Gushing, Caleb, sent to Scott, 2. 184, 418; brigade in Taylor's force, 417; leaves Mexico, 438.

Customs, Mexican internal, 1. 16, 2. 253. See also Tariff.

Cuylti, Gavino, and Doniphan's advance, 1. 301.

Cyane, at Monterey, 1. 423; in Pacific squadron, 2. 189, 205, 206, 446, 447; at La Paz and San Jose, 449.

Cyprey, Baron Alleye de, French minister at Mexico, on British recognition of Texas, 1. 432.

D

Dakin, J. H., recruiting advertisement, 1. 445.

Dale, in Pacific squadron, 2. 189, 206, 447; at Guaymas, 447.

Dallas, G. M., and Buchanan faction, 2. 282; on Polk, 510.

Dana, R. H., and public interest in California, 1. 323.

Davidson, G. R., captured, 1. 370-1. See also Encarnación prisoners.

Davis, C. W., and outrages, 1. 425.

Davis, G. T. M., on errors at Churubusco, 2. 383; on Belén operations, 412.

Davis, Jefferson, at Monterey, 1. 249, 252, 500; in negotiations, 502, 504, 505; at Buena Vista, 555; and peace negotiations, 2. 464; on glory of the war, 324.

Davis, John, and two million bill, 2. 123.

Deas, Edward, battery in Taylor's later force, 2. 418.

Deaths, in American army, 2. 318, 511, 512.

Decatur, in attack on Tuxpán, 2. 444; in Home Squadron, 446.

Declaration of war. See Outbreak.

Defensive-line policy, Taylor's plan, 1.282-3,461,513,514; popularity, 347; persistence, 2. 183, 430.

Deffaudis, Baron. French minister at Mexico, reports cited passim.

Delano, Columbus, and war bill, 1. 472; inconsistent war criticism, 2. 277.

Delaware Indians, in Kearny's expedition, 1. 288.

Delaware troops, 2. 431.

Democracy, radical party in Mexico (1846), 2. 2-4. See also Federalism; Puros.

Democratic party, and war, 1. 184, 471; early reaction, 2. 269, 281; and Polk, dissensions, 269-73, 281, 283; leaders in Congress, 282, 496; dissensions and Wilmot Proviso, 286; dissensions protract war, 288. See also Congress; Polk.

Democratic Review, and absorption of Mexico, 2. 243.

De Russey, L. G., wrecked, march to Tampico, 1. 547; attempt to rescue prisoners of war, 2. 418.

Descriptions. See Physical aspect.

Desertion, in Taylor army at Rio Grande, 1. 160, 463; tendency after Monterey, 262; amount, 318, 319; fate of deserters captured at Churubusco, 385; deserters and peace, 474. See also Irish: Propaganda.

Diablo, El, earthwork at Monterey, 1. 249; attack on, 253-4, 500; evacuated, 255.

Diario, desires war, 1. 105, 115; on help from abroad, 112; on the army, 408; on United States and Texas, 423 ; on start of final campaign, 2. 92 ; on Scott's predicament, 103 ; on peace negotiations, 123, 130.

Diaz de la Vega, R. See La Vega.

Dickens, Charles, jibes at Americans, 2. 294.

Dickinson, D. S., and expansion, 1. 188; and absorption of Mexico, 2. 243; position in Senate, 496.

Dictatorship, under first Mexican constitution, 1. 37; Victoria's, 39; Guerrero's, 42; Santa Anna's, 46, 51-3, 415; his virtual, during the war, 2. 81, 85; invitation to Scott, 323.

Dimond, F. M., American consul at Vera Cruz, and restoration of intercourse, 1. 89; report on Santa Anna's attitude, 201; and war programme, 350; on Mexico and AmericanBritish relations, 442; and spy for Scott, 2. 332.

Diplomatic intercourse, AmericanMexican, Mexican characteristics, 1. 58, 416; treatment of Poinsett, 589, 417; Louisiana Purchase boundary, 59-61, 418; treaty of amity and commerce, 61, 419; recall of Poinsett demanded, 62; Butler as minister, 62, 419, 420; Ellis as chargé, 63; Sabine River boundary and Gaines's expedition, 63-6, 420-2; departure of Gorostiza, 66, 77; and recognition of Texas, 66, 422, 423; Bocanegra's threat, 68; Gorostiza's pamphlet, disavowal, 77-9; rupture (1845), 87; efforts to restore, 88-91, 133, 434, 447; preparation to reopen, 91; British efforts for renewal, 91, 435; Mexico agrees to resume, claims question in agreement, 92-4, 97, 435-6; need of haste, 94; instructions to Slidell, 95, 127, 436; rejection of Slidell, 96-8, 100-1, 120, 127, 133, 135, 145, 437-9, 447, 453; policy of bold military attitude to encourage resumption, 152; negotiations with Santa Anna (1846), 201-3, 471; difficulties of contrasted national characteristics, 2. 310, 508. See also Claims; Foreign relations; Peace.

Direct tax. American attitude toward, 2. 258, 480. Discipline. See Conquered territory; Morale.

Disraeli, Benjamin, on Mexico, 2. 296; and the war, 299; and interposition, 302.

District of Columbia troops, call and response (1847), 2. 364, 431; in Taylor's later force, 417; at Jalapa, 433. See also Washington and Baltimore battalion.

Dodd, W. E., on Calhoun's rivals and war, 1. 444.

Domínguez, Manuel, as Scott's spy, 2. 362.

Don Simplicio, on Santa Anna's efforts at San Luis Potosí, 1. 376, 377, 379; on revolt of 1846, 2. 1; on political situation (1847), 16.

Donaldson, J. L., at Saltillo, 1. 559.

Donelson, A. J., on Texas and European aid, 1. 82; peaceful instructions to (1845), 131; on Mexico and slavery, 188; and war, 445.

Doniphan, A. W., regiment in Kearny's expedition, 1. 288; reduces Indians, 298; force for Chihuahua march, 98, 303, 519; Character and appearance, 299; character of force, 299, 303; caravan with, 298, 303, 519, 520; crossing of Jornada del Muerto, 299, 518; Clark's reinforcement, 299, 303; preparations against at El Paso, 300-1, 518; affair of Brazito, 301-2, 518; at El Paso, 302-3; advance to Sacramento River, 303-4, 519; preparations against at Chihuahua, 304-6, 519; map of march, 305; battle of Sacramento, 306-13, 520; at Chihuahua, 313, 520; negotiations, 313; march to Saltillo, 313, 521, 547, 548; return to Missouri, reception, results of march, 314; on and during the battle, 520; later career, 521.

Dorsey, G., on Spanish American fear of aggression, 1. 111.

Dosamantes, Señorita, as volunteer, 1. 230, 494.

Dosamantes, J., captured at Chapultepec, 2. 411.

Douglas, S. A., on cause of war, 1. 189; on policy of occupying territory, 2. 492; position in House, 496.

Doyle, P. W., British chargé at Mexico, on British recognition of Texas, 1. 432; on conduct of American soldiers, 2. 226, 231, 460; and renewal of peace negotiations, 238-40, 465; and armistice, 242, 470; on relaxed discipline after Scott's departure, 438.

Dragoons, force (1845), 1. 139, 450; at Churubusco, 2. 110, 119, 385; during armistice, 134; at Molino del Rey, 144, 146, 403; at Chapultepec, 161, 408, 410; in Mexico City, 164; with Scott, 356; garrison at Jalapa and Perote, 361; in California, 475. See also regiments by number.

Dress, Mexican, 1. 18-9, 24; Californian, 316.

Drink. See Liquor.

Dromgoole, G. C., position in House, 2. 496.

Drum, S. H., company at Molino del Key, 2. 143, 145, 403; at Chapultepec, 152, 156; at Belén garita, 159, 160; killed, 160; light artillery, 366.

Ducoing, Theodore, claim, 1. 427.

Duflot de Mofras, Eugène, on cause of war, 1. 189; and California, 324, 523.

Duncan, James, battery in Texas, 1. 146; at Palo Alto, 168, 169, 465; at Monterey, 241, 243, 248, 258, 492, 496; advance to Saltillo, 264; field battery, 450; at Resaca de la Palma, 467; in advance of Perote, 2. 61; Amozoc affair, 70; in Scott's army, 77; at Churubusco, 115, 117; at Molino del Rey, 143-6; at Chapultepec, 161; and uprising in the city, 167; and cabal against Scott, 178, 435; Scott's charges against, 188, 436; Polk rescues, 188; reconnaissance of Mexicaltzingo route, 372, 373; and Quitman's advance to Belén garita, 414.

Du Petit Thouars, A. A., and California, 1. 523.

Du Pont, S. F., cruise off western coast of Mexico, 2. 205; at La Paz and San José, 449.

Duran, Jose, and surrender of Ulúa, 2. 340, 342.

Durango state, and Santa Anna, 1. 376; and secession coalition, 2. 86.

E

Echagaray, Domingo, at San Juan

Bautista, 2. 446.

Echeagaray, Lt. Col., at Molino del Rey, 2. 145; at San Cosme garita, 413.

Echols, R. M., regiment in Taylor's force, 2. 417.

Eckford, Henry, claim, 1. 426.

Edson, Alvin, at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 335.

Education, under Spanish rule, 1. 13; common, after independence, 14, 409; higher, 14.

Eighth Cavalry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. 494.

Eighth Infantry, in Texas, 1. 143; at Palo Alto, 164, 168, 466; at Resaca de la Palma, 174; at Monterey, 246, 492, 496, 501; advance to Saltillo, 264; in Scott's army, 2. 77; at Churubusco, 112, 115, 116, 384; at Chapultepec, 157; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Molino del Rey, 402.

Eighth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. 494.

El Carmen Island. See Carmen.

El Paso, aspect and people, 1. 300, 302; force against Doniphan Brazito affair, 300-2, 518; Doniphan occupies, 302-3.

El Telégrafo. See Telégrafo.

Elections. See President.

Eleventh Infantry, in Scott's army, 2. 77, 363, 422, 432; at Chapultepec, 154, 410; at Churubusco, 385; at Molino del Rey, 402.

Eleventh Line Infantry, Mexican, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 52, 347; at San Cosme garita, 162; and Vera Cruz, 334.

Elkins, Samuel, claim, 1. 426.

Elliot, Charles, British minister in Texas, on chances of expected war, 1. 105, 107; on Texas as theat e of war, 107; on policy of expansion, 123.

Ellis, Powhatan, American representative at Mexico, 1. 63; and claims, 76-7; and California, 324; on Tornel, 484.

Ellis, T. H., American chargé at Mexico, reports cited passim.

Empire of Itúrbide, 1. 35.

Encarnación, Santa Anna's army at, 1. 381; map of district, 382. See also next title.

Encarnación prisoners, capture, 1. 370-1; sent south, 562; at Huejutla, attempt to release, 2. 418.

Engineers, military, Mexican, 1. 156, 461, 2. 312; American corps, 1. 451; in the war, 2. 320, 513; under Scott, 349, 356, 366.

England. See Great Britain.

Erie, in Pacific squadron, 2. 189, 447.

Escudero, J. A. de, and Farias, 2. 5, 9.

Espectador, on the war, 1. 442.

Esperanza, on Americans, 1. 484.

Esteva, J. W., on Mexican character, 1. 410.

Estrada, Gutierrez de. See Gutierrez de Estrada.

Europe, expected to aid Mexico, 1. 1125, 442. See also Foreign relations; Interposition; nations by name, especially France; Great Britain; Spain.

Eutaw Indians, subdued, 1. 298.

Evacuation of Mexican territory, 2. 251-2, 475-0.

Evans, George, and war bill, 1. 183.

Eventualists, and secession and peace, 2. 234, 239: 465. See also Puros.

Execution of American citizens, 1. 70.

Expansion, spirit and attitude toward Mexico, 1. 123, 444; London Times on, 2. 294; justice, 322-3. See also Annexations.

Expulsion of American citizens, 1. 71, 73, 423, 424.

F

Fairfield, John, on Scott, 1. 197; on speeches in Congress., 284.

Falcon, at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 338; in Home Squadron, 445, 446.

Falmouth, scurvy, 2. 195; in Home Squadron, 197, 442.

Farías, Valentin Gómez, Vice President, character, 1. 45; as acting President, attempted reforms, 45; flees, 47; as Federalist leader, 48; and the war, 201; combination with Santa Anna, 216; imprisoned, 216; and revolt for Santa Anna (1846), 217, 221-3; and Salas and Santa Anna., 1, 327; as leader of radicals (Puros), 2; shelved, 4; election as Vice President and actual Executive (1846), 5; war policy, 6; financial problem and church property, 6, 9-14; and Beach, 12; superseded by Santa Anna, 14; office abolished, unpopularity, 15, 332; hostility to Santa Anna, 82; and Olaguibel, 86; opposes peace negotiations (4847), 136.

Farragut, D. G., and Ulúa, 2. 201.

Federal Union, and war, 1. 473.

Federalism and Federalists, in first Mexican constitution, 1, 367; oligarchical plots and revolt against, 37-8; party resentment, 38-9; overthrow, 47; pre-war factions, 48; Bustamante's attempt to restore, 51; and Herrera's rule, 55-6; party and Poinsett, 59; restoration (1846), 217, 222, 488; war-time factions, 2. 2-5; in election of 1846, 5; split on demands on church property, 11; and Santa Anna as Executive, 15; states defy Santa Anna, plan for new republic, 86-7, 234, 369; state discussion on peace, 236, 464; antagonistic state groups, 510. See also Constitutions; Government; Moderados; Puros.

Federation Ridge at Monterey, 1. 239, 497; capture, 244, 498.

Fernández del Castillo, Pedro. See Castillo.

Ferry, Gabriel, on battle of Monterey, 1. 503; and interposition, 2. 304; on American army, 321.

Fifteenth Infantry, in Scott's army, 2. 78, 363, 422, 432; at Contreras, 105; at Chapultepec, 154, 155, 157; garrisons it, 159; at Churubusco, 384; advance after armistice, 400.

Fifth Cavalry, Mexican, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 347.

Fifth Infantry, in Texas, 1. 143; at Palo Alto, 164, 167; at Resaca de la Palma, 174; at Monterey, 245, 247, 259, 492, 496; advance to Saltillo, 264; in Scott's army, 2. 77, 422; at Churubusco, 112, 115, 116, 384; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at Molino del Key, 402, 403.

Fifth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 347.

Filisola, Vicente, and Doniphan's expedition, 1. 521; and plans against Taylor, 2. 165, 419; and later command, 182, 430.

Finances, American, naval appropriations, 1. 190, 2. 189; unfavorable pre-war conditions, 255, 306; problem of war loans, lack of credit abroad, 256, 478; need of mere income, 258, 260, 481; tariff of 1846, warehouse system, and sub-treasury, 257, 478-9; treasury notes, 258, 479, 480; first loan, 259, 479, 481; second loan, 260, 481; proposed impost on tea and coffee, 261, 285, 482; and gradation of public lands, 261; tariff for Mexican ports, 261-3, 303, 484, 500, 505; effect of prosperity due to European conditions, 263, 484; third loan, 264, 485; levies on Mexicans, 264-6, 485-8; funds and expenditures in Mexico, 266, 488; cost of the war, 266-7, 488; political effects of Folk's policy, 273, 281; money market during the war, 489; other wartime Acts, 489.

Finances, Mexican, Itúrbide's troubles, 1. 34-5; and expulsion of Gachupines, 39; early republican difficulties, 39; crisis (1837), 48; under Santa Anna's dictatorship, 52; Herrera's predicament, 55; war preparations, 213-4, 223, 488; Santa Anna's preparations at San Luis Potosí, 377; forced loans, 410, 431, 2. 254, 477; general war-time character, 6, 327; problems, 7; demands on Church, law of Jan. 11, opposition, 8-11, 329; Beach's intrigue and clerical revolt, 11-4, 333-2; Santa Anna and Church property, 15, 329; effect of war on normal income, 253; taxation projects, 253; state donations, 254; clerical donations, 254, 477; loans, 254, 477; seizures and requisitions, 255; state of treasury (1846), 328.

First Artillery, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 52, 54, 352; in Scott's army, 77; at Churubusco, 114, 382; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; garrison at Jalapa, 381; at Belén garita, 413; in Taylor's later force, 417.

First Cavalry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. 494.

First Dragoons, in Kearny's expedition, 1. 286, 288, 515; leave for California, 297; in Wool's march, 509; at Buena Vista, 554, 555; in Scott's army, 2. 77; at Churubusco, 119; in California, 219; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; in Taylor's later force, 417.

First Infantry, at Burrita, 1. 177; at Monterey, 250, 252, 492, 496; in Smith's brigade, 541; garrisons Vera Cruz, 2. 37; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343.

First Ligero, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 347.

First Line Infantry, Mexican, at Monterey, 1. 49 1.

Fischer, Waldemar, company in Kearny's expedition, 1. 288, 515.

Flagg, A. C., and Folk's Cabinet, 2. 269, 271.

Flirt, in Home Squadron, 2. 197, 442.

Flores, J. M., rising in California, 1. 339, 533; as provisional governor, 340; and battle of San Pascual, 342; and American advance on Los Angeles, 343-4, 535; retires to Sonora, 345; and Larkin, 536.

Florida troops, calls, 1. 537, 2. 364; in Taylor's later force, 417; at Puebla, 433.

Food and drink, Mexican, 1. 2, 20-1.

Forbes, Alexander, British consul at Tepic, effect of his book on California, 1. 323.

Forbes, J. A., British vice consul in California, on California and independence, 1. 321; on expected American annexation, 325; and British control, 328, 329, 332.

Forced loans in Mexico, 1. 410, 2. 254, 477; to pay claims, 1. 431.

Ford, Lemuel, at siege of Puebla, 2. 424; in Lane's guerilla operations, 426.

Foreign relations, American, European attitude toward United States, 2. 294-6, 502; and toward Mexico, 296, 502; Buchanan's circular on origin and purpose of war, 297; Spanish America and the war, 298; attitude of Spain, 298; of Prussia, 298; England and outbreak of war, 299-300; France and outbreak, 390, 503; British offer of mediation, 301, 503-4; question of British interposition, 301-4, 504-6; and British-French relations, 304, 506; France and interposition, 304; effect of victories, 305; foreign help of Mexico, 306; criticism of war operations, 306-8, 507; and treaty of peace, 3 38-9; influence of war on, 323. See also Diplomatic intercourse; Preparation; nations by name, especially France; Great Britain; Spain.

Foreigners. See Aliens.

Forsyth, John, and Gaines's expedition, 1. 64, 66, 422; and claims commission, 80, 429.

Forward, in attack on Alvarado, 2. 199; in Tabasco expedition, 200.

Foster, J. G., at Molino del Rey, wounded, 2. 142, 144, 403; at Cerro Gordo, 349; engineer with Scott, 366.

Fourteenth Infantry, in Scott's army, 2. 77, 383, 432; at Chapultepec, 154; at Churubusco, 385; at Molino del Rey, 402.

Fourth Artillery, at Buena Vista, 1. 555; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 53; in Scott's army, 77; at Molino del Rey, 143; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; left at Contreras, 382; in Taylor's later force, 417, 418.

Fourth Infantry, at Fort Jesup, 1. 140; goes to Texas, 141-2, 452; at Palo Alto 164, 167, 168; at Monterey, 252, 256, 492, 498, 503-2, 506; in Scott's army, 2. 77, 422; at siege of Vera Cruz, 343; at San Cosme garita, 414.

Fourth Ligero, at Monterey, 1. 494; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 347.

Fourth Line Infantry, Mexican, at Palo Alto, 1. 165, 168; at Resaca de la Palma, 171, 174, 175; at Monterey, 494; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 52, 53, 347.

Fourth of July, claim, 1. 424.

France, attack on Mexico, 1. 49, 74; and Texas, 55, 67, 90, 432; and expected war, 112; and annexation of Texas, 113, 2. 295, 501, 502; and support of Mexico, interposition, 1. 112-5, 2. 304; supposed manipulation of Mexico, 1. 121; and California, 324, 326, 327, 523, 2. 505; and Mexican privateering, 193; and American tariff for Mexican ports, 262, 484; attitude toward United States, 295; attitude toward Mexico, 296-7; and outbreak of war, 300, 503; attitude and British relations, 304, 506; and American victories, 305.

Franklin, W. B., reconnaissance in Wool's march, I. 271.

Freaner, J. L., and recall of Trist, 2. 465; takes treaty to Washington, 467.

Frederick William of Prussia, and the war, 2. 299.

Frémont, J. C., expedition canceled (1845), 1. 131, 447; and Castro, retirement, 331, 528; Gillespie and return, Bear Flag war, 331-3, 528-9, 531; and Sloat, 335, 531; joins Stockton, force and appearance, 336; influences address, 336; in first southern campaign, 336, 337; command in north, 338; and second southern campaign, 342, 345, 535-6; treaty with insurgents, 345-6, 2. 218; as governor, 217; and Kearny, 454.

French, S. G., on Taylor as fighter, 1. 238.

French in Mexico, merchants, 1. 5.

French revolution, influence in Mexico, 1. 30.

Frontera, blockade, 2. 194; importance, 443.

Fugitive slaves, rendition in AmericanMexican negotiations, 1. 419.

Furber, G. C., work as source, 1. 404.

Fúrlong, C., and Americans at Puebla, 2. 225.

G

Gachupines, characteristics, 1.3; expulsion, 39, 42, 413. See also Oligarchy.

Gahagan, Dennis, claim, 1. 427.

Gaines, E. P., Nacogdoches expedition, 1. 64-6, 420-2; requisition for six-months men, 196, 205, 452, 476, 2. 272, 511; and Scott, 1. 197; Taylor's letter, 347, 507; and command of Vera Cruz expedition, 353; relieved, court of inquiry, 476.

Gaines, J. P., carelessness and capture, 1. 370-1; at Saltillo, 541; of Scott's staff, 2. 366. See also Encarnación prisoners.

Gallatin, Albert, on annexation of Texas, 1. 83; pessimism on peace prospects, 2. 235; on treasury notes, 258; and the war, 314.

Gambling, American, 1. 144, 207, 2. 214; at Mexico City, 2. 460.

Gamboa, Ramón, and Santa Anna, 2. 134; on evacuation of Mexico City, 415, 416.

Gaona, General, in preparations below Perote, 2. 40; abandons Perote, 61.

Garay, F. de, and De Russey's expedition, 2. 418.

Garay, J. G. Perdigón. See Perdigón Garay.

García, General, at Matamoros, character, 1. 158, 462.

García Conde, Pedro, and battle of Sacramento, 1. 306, 309, 312, 519, 520.

Gardner, J. L., command at Point Isabel, 1. 493.

Garland, John, at Palo Alto, 1. 164; at Monterey, 250, 251, 253, 492, 496, 499, 500; brigade in advance of Perote, 2. 61; in Scott's army, 77; before San Antonio, Mex., 102; at Churubusco, 113, 116; at Molino del Rey, 143, 145; at Chapultepec, 161; at San Cosme garita, 162; wounded in uprising, 167; and Contreras, 381.

Garro, Máximo, Mexican chargé at Paris, reports cited passim.

Gates, William, at Tampico, 1. 281, 282, 486, 512, 546, 2. 484; discipline, 215; and prisoners at Huejutla, 418.

Gateways of Mexico City, 2. 147. See also Belén; San Cosme.

Georgia troops, in Victoria march, 1. 357; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 343; in Alvarado expedition, 344; leave Scott, 356; calls (1847), 364, 365, 430; for Scott, 423; cavalry at Huamantla, 426.

"Germanicus," on volunteers, 1. 474.

Germans in Mexico, merchants, 1. 5; mining companies, 15.

Germantown, in attack on Tuxpán, 2. 444; in Home Squadron, 445, 446. Germany. See Prussia.

Gerolt, Baron, Prussian minister at Washington, and the war, 2. 503.

Gibson, George, commissary general of subsistence, 1. 475; and Graham, 500.

Giddings, J. R., and secession, 2. 272; position in House, 496.

Giffard, F. L., British consul at Matamoros, on conduct of volunteers, 2. 211.

Giffard, T., British consul at Vera Cruz, on Vera Cruz expedition, 2. 22, 32, 3, 337, 341; on American rule, 221; on Scott and Jalapa, 362.

Gillespie, A. H., mission to California, 1. 326, 329, 526, 530; and return of Frémont, 331, 332, 528; and Bear Flag war, 332, 529; in southern _ campaign, 336; rule at Los Angeles, 338; rising against, surrender, 339, 533-4; joins Kearny, 341; in battle of San Pascual, 342; in expedition to Los Angeles, 342.

Gillespie, R. A., at Monterey, 1. 245; march to Mier, 483.

Glass, J. W., British consul at Tampico, reports cited passim.

Glasson, J. J., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 338.

Goliad massacre, American indignation, 1. 117.

Gómez, Gregorio, Jefferson and Natchez incidents, 1. 424-5; in preparations below Perote, 2. 40; flight from La Hoya, 58.

Gómez Farías. See Farías.

Gómez Pedraza. See Pedraza.

González, ——, and Armijo, 1. 293. Gore, J. H., at San Cosme garita, 2. 414.

Gorman, W. A., at Buena Vista, 1. 386, 556; at Huamantla, 2. 426.

Gorostiza, M. E. de, as minister at Washington, 1. 64; and Games' s expedition, 65-6, 420-2; pamphlet, Mexican disavowal, 779; and Texas, 432; and Santa Anna, 2. 92.

Government, Mexican, results of colonial system, 1. 29-30; causes of failure, 56-7, 416-7, 438, 2. 310, 312; difficulties in tracing political development, 1. 411; extempore, after loss of capital, 2. 179-81, 427, 428; results to, of the war, 514. See also Centralists; Congress, Mexican; Conquered territory; Constitutions; Dictatorship; Federalism; Independence; Local government; Monarchy; Oligarchy; President of Mexico; Revolutions; Roman Catholic church.

Graham, G. M., and Garland at Monterey, 1. 500; messenger to Mexico, 2. 473.

Graham, James, and Oregon, 1. 200.

Grande, Rio. See Rio Grande.

Grant, U. S., at Monterey, 1. 252, 256, 501; on Worth, 498; on magnifying of Taylor's victories, 549; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 49; at San Cosme garita, 162, 414; on departure from Mexico, 252; on Cerro Gordo, 354; on Churubusco, 383; on battles before Mexico City, 408; on Mexican soldiers, 509.

Gray, A. F. V., at San Pascual, 1. 535.

Grayson, J. B., Scott's chief of subsistence, 2. 366.

Great Britain, British loans to Mexico, 1. 37; and Texas, 55, 67, 86, 90, 419, 432, 449, 2. 295, 303, 502, 506; commercial treaty with Mexico, 1. 61; and California, 69, 319, 323-6, 328, 334, 336, 524, 527, 531, 2. 302, 308, 505; Mexican relations and claims, 1. 74, 135, 425, 2. 296-7, 502; and restoration of American-Mexican intercourse, 1. 91, 435; Oregon controversy, 90, 94, 114-5, 200, 478, 2. 295, 299, 504; question of interposition, 1. 112-5, 442, 2. 238, 301-4, 504-6; supposed manipulation of Mexico, 1. 121, 443; and Mexican privateering, 2. 192; and blockade, 193, 303, 440; and peace negotiations, 238, 465; attitude toward United States, 294-5, 501; and outbreak of the war, defeat of her policy, 299-300; offer of mediation, 301, 368; influence of French relations, 304, 506; and American victories, 305; volunteer officers for Mexico, 306; and treaty of peace, 308-9, 508. See also Bankhead; Doyle; Pakenham; Thornton.

Green, B. E., and Mexican negotiations, 1. 84-5, 433, 436; on Tornel, 484.

Green, Duff, on Mexican finances, 2. 8.

Green, P. C., claim, 1. 426.

Greenhow, Robert, and claims on Mexico, 1. 78, 429.

Grievances, American, 1. 70 3, 423, 424. See also Claims; Diplomatic intercourse.

Griffin, W. P., at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 338.

Grijalva River. See Tabasco.

Grone, Karl von, on Scott, J. 316; on American soldiers, 321.

Guadalajara, situation, 1. 3.

Guadalupe, escape, 2. 195.

Guadalupe Hidalgo, shrine, 1. 223, 488, 2. 141; Valencia at, 2. 88; treaty signed at, 240, 467.

Guadalupe Hidalgo, treaty of. See Peace.

Guanajuato, powder-mill, 2. 87.

Guanajuato cavalry battalion, at Monterey, 1. 494.

Guanajuato state, in discussion on peace, 2 464.

Guatemala, and the war, 2. 298.

Guaymas, as port, 1.3; bombarded, 2. 205, 446; map, 206; blockade, 206; occupied, 206, 208, 447.

Guerilla warfare, in revolt against Spain, 1. 31-2; threat (1846), 153, 154; Canales' force, 158, 226, 236, 479, 495; Blanco's force, 273, 274, 283, 510; in north after Buena Vista, suppression, 399-400, 562, 2. 169-71, 421, 422; during battle of Buena Vista, 1. 559; operations on Scott's line, 2. 77, 171, 355, 422, 423; and Scott's advance, 98; Mexican addiction to, 168; adoption and sanction, 168-9, 421; Vera Cruz state as chief home, leaders, 171, 421; Scott's operations against, 172, 423; lack of morale, attacks on Mexicans, 172-3; operations and siege of Puebla, 173-4, 178, 424; Lane's operations against, 178-9, 426-7; British encouragement, 306; Scott's warning on, 358; failure, 423.

Guerillas of Vengeance, 2. 169.

Guerrero, Vicente, as partisan leader, 1. 32; in Itúrbide's revolt, 33; revolt against Itúrbide, 35; and Montaño's revolt, 38; Presidential candidacy, 401; proclaimed President, 41; character, as President, 42; overthrow, killed, 43; warned by United States, 59, 418; and Poinsett, 62.

Guexocingo, Lane at, 2. 426.

Guizot, F. P. G., policy of balance of power in America, 1. 90, 2. 304; and expected war, 1. 108, 112, 115; and Texas, 295; policy of neutrality., 300; and United States, 301; and Palmerston, 304.

Gutiérrez, Captain, at Monterey, 1. 254.

Gutiérrez de Estrada, J. M., and monarchy, 1. 90; on conduct of American army, 2. 232.

Gwynn, T. P., at siege of Puebla, 2. 174.

H

Hacienda, 1. 19.

Hacienda department. See Finances, Mexican.

Haddon, W. R., on Buena Vista, 1. 557.

Hagner, P. V., at Chapultepec, 2. 152; ordnance officer with Scott, 366.

Haile, ——, on losses at Monterey, 1. 505.

Hamer, T. L., as volunteer officer, 1. 207, 481; at Monterey, 253, 254, 492.

Hamilton, C. S., on mistakes at Monterey, 1. 503; on army life in Mexico, 2. 321.

Hamilton, Schuyler, of Scott's staff, 2. 366.

Hamley, E. B., on military strategy, 2. 317.

Hammond, J. H., on war spirit, 1. 127.

Hamtramck, John, command at Saltillo, 2. 418.

Hancock, W. S., at Churubusco, 2. 385.

Hannah Elizabeth, claim, 1. 424.

Hannegan, E. A., and expansion, 1. 188; and absorption of Mexico, 2. 243; on Polk and Oregon, 271; position in Senate, 496; on responsibility of Mexico, 508.

Haralson, H. A., position in House, 2. 496.

Hardcastle, E. L. F., topographical engineer with Scott, 2. 366.

Hardee, W. J., captured, expected Mexican victory at Palo Alto, 1. 161.

Hardin, J. J., at Buena Vista, 1. 383, 386, 390, 391; charge, killed, 3934, 556, 559.

Hargous, Louis, and Santa Anna, 1. 487; Scott's agent, 2. 362, 396; and navy, 444.

Harmony, Peter, claim, 1. 426.

Harney, W. S., escapade, 1. 268-70, 509; insubordination and magnanimity of Scott, 364-5, 545, 546, 2. 248; and Wool, detached from Wool's march, 1. 509; brigade, 541; at Cerro Gordo, 2. 51, 53-6, 352, 354; command in Scott's army, 77; in advance from Puebla, 93, 94; at San Agustín, 97, 381; at Churubusco, 119; in Mexico City, 164; at siege of Vera Cruz, 335, 339; La Antigua expedition, 344; during Chapultepec, 408.

Haro y Tamáriz, Antonio de, and Santa Anna, 2. 4; and financial chaos, 11.

Harrison, W. H., and control of occupied territory, 2. 285, 497.

Haskell, W. T., at Cerro Gordo, 2. 56, 57, 353.

Hawkins, E. S., commands Fort Brown, 1. 468.

Hays, J. C., at Monterey, 1. 238, 241, 255, 497, 498, 501; and protection of Texas, 452; operations against guerillas, 2. 172, 423; goes to Scott, 184, 418, 432; character of Rangers, 423.

Haywood, W. H., Jr., and tariff, 2. 479.

Heady, W. J., carelessness and capture, 1. 371. See also Encarnación prisoners.

Hébert, P. O., at Chapultepec, 2. 410.

Hecla, in attack on Tuxpán, 2. 444; in Home Squadron, 445; ashore, 446.

Heintzelman, S. P., at Huamantla, 2. 426; in Lane's operations, 426. Henderson, G. F. R., on civilian judgment on military subjects, 1. x.

Henderson, J. P., command of Texan troops, 1. 480; division in Monterey campaign, 492, 496; in Monterey negotiations, 502.

Henry, Thomas, at Cerro Gordo, 2. 55.

Henry, W. S., on Camargo camp, 1. 212; on mistakes at Monterey, 502; on Taylor's force after battle, 507.

Heredia, J. A., command at Chihuahua, 1. 305; battle of Sacramento, 30613; negotiations, 313; displaced, 521.

Hernández, priest, and Butler, 1. 62. Herrera, J. J. de, head of government (1845), 1. 55-6; arid resumption of American intercourse, 89, 92, 94, 435, 436; administration totters, 95; and Slidell mission, 93-8, 120, 437; fall. 98-9, 438; endorsed by many (1846), 216, 221; and California, 329; and Santa Anna (1847), 2. 92; peace commissioner, 135; and evacuation of city, 167, 420; and executive power (1847), 180; supports Peña, 180; force, resigns, 182, 429; President (1848), and American evacuation, 252; on restoration of cordiality, 323; arid riot during armistice, 396.

Hervey, L., British agent in Mexico, reports cited passim.

Heywood, Charles, at San José, 2. 449.

Hidalgo, Miguel, revolt, 1. 31.

Hidalgo battalion, formation, 2. 3-4; at San Antonio, 112, 384; at Chapultepec, 410.

Hill, D. H., on Monterey, 1. 254, 505; on Pillow, 2. 377.

Hilliard, H. W., on advance to Rio Grande, 1. 457.

Hitchcock, E. A., in Texas, on TayJor, 1. 144, 145, 452; leaves front, 158; Scott's magnanimity, 545, 2. 248; on Worth's Chachapa agreement, 70; on Churubusco, 118; on Molino del Rey, 147; at siege of Vera Cruz, 335; on Worth, 361; of Scott's staff, 3%; and plan of attack on Mexico City, 408.

Holmes, I. E., on war spirit, 1. 444; and war bill, 471, 472; on Folk's alarm, 476.

Hoist, H. E. von, on Polk and war, 1. 472, 473: on justice of acquiring California, 2. 322.

Home Squadron during the war, vessels, distribution, men, 2. 189, 197, 442, 444-6. See also Conner; Perry.

Hooker, Joseph, at Monterey, 1. 253.

Hopping, E. D., brigade in Taylor's force, 2. 417.

Horn, Carlos, at Mazatlán, 2. 448.

Horsemanship, Mexican, 1. 24.

Houses, Mexican, 1. 18-20, 23; inns, 20.

Houston, Sam, European intrigue, 1. 82; and treaty of peace, 2. 247. Howard, Joshua, regiment, 2. 363. Hoya Pass, as defensive point, L. 39, 42; abandoned, 58, 60.

Huamantla, battle, 2. 176-8, 425-6.

Hudson, Charles, position in House, 2. 496.

Hudson, T. B., in battle of Sacramento, 1. 309, 311, 312.

Huejutla, prisoners of war at, 2. 418.

Huger, Benjamin, at Molino del Rey, 2. 143, 145, 146; at Chapultepec, 149, 153, 409; at San Cosme garita, 161, 162, 415; at siege of Vera Cruz, 335; ordnance officer with Scott, 356, 366.

Hughes, G. W., reconnaissance in Wool's march, 1. 271; on population of Mexico, 407; on Wool's force, 509; as governor of Jalapa, 2. 224, 230.

Hull, J. B., off western coast of Mexico, 2. 205.

Humboldt, Alexander von, on leperos, 1. 6; and the war, 2. 299, 3)9; on justice of acquisition of California, 322.

Hunt, H. J., at Chapultepec, 2. 156; at San Cosme garita, 162.

Hunt, W. E., in occupation of Tampico, 1. 279.

Hunter, O. G., at Alvarado, 2. 344.

I

Ibarra, D., removed, 2. 66; and Trist mission, 130, 390; attack on, 387.

Iguala, Plan of, 1. 33.

Illinois, hard times and unrest, 1. 124. See also Illinois troops.

Illinois troops, at Buena Vista, 1. 383, 386, 387, 389, 390, 556, 559; in Wool's march, 509; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 343; leave Scott, 356; call and response (1847), 364, 365, 430, 431; in Taylor's later force, 417; at Tampico, 418; for Scott, 423.

Importance of the war, 1. vii.

Independence, in Pacific squadron, 2. 189, 206, 446, 447.

Independence Hill at Monterey, 1. 239, 497; capture, 244-6, 499.

Independence of Mexico, incitation, 1. 30-1; Hidalgo's revolt, 31; partisan warfare, 31-2; education for, 32; revolt of oligarchy and Itúrbide, Plan of Iguala, 32-3; Itúrbide's rule, 33-5; his overthrow, 35; Congress, first republican constitution, 35-7, 412, 413; Victoria's administration, 37-8; expulsion of Gachupines, 39, 42, 413; Spanish invasion (1829), 41.

Independencia battalion, formation, 2. 3; revolts, 13; at Churubusco, 111, 382.

Indiana troops, at Buena Vista, 1. 386, 388, 390, 391, 555, 557; call (1847), 2. 364, 431; in Taylor's later force, 417; sent to Scott, 418; at Huamantla, 426; in Lane's operations, 426, 427; garrison at Puebla, 433. Indianapolis, enlistments, 1. 195.

Indianapolis State Sentinel, on Mexicans, 1. 118.

Indians, characteristics and conditions of Mexican, 1. 4, 18, 21; Mexican, as soldiers, 10, 161, 463; and independence, 31; Mexico counts on help of American, 107; in Kearny's expedition, 288; war and raids, 269, 509; submission in New Mexico, 298; employment in war, 509; raids on American expeditions, 515.

Indicador, on war lethargy, 1. 214.

Industry, conditions of Mexican, 1. 6, 15-7, 22.

Ingersoll, C. J., on Polk and war, 1. 456; on war bill, 472: on lesson of the war, 2. 324; position in House, 496.

Ingersoll, J. R., position in House, 2. 496.

Ingraham, D. N., at Tampico, 1. 512.

Iniestra, Ignacio, and California, 1. 522.

Inns, Mexican, 1. 20.

Intellectual life, lack in Mexico, 1. 20.

Intelligence arrangements and reconnaissance, Taylor's neglect, 1. 145, 161, 208, 223, 249, 374, 451, 464, 476, 478, 549; Scott's, 2. 72, 332, 362.

Internal improvements, and Democratic dissensions, 2. 271, 281.

Interposition, Mexican hope of Spanish-American, 1. Ill; and of European, 112-5, 122, 442; question of British, 2. 301-4, 504-6; and of French, 304; effect of American victories, 305.

Iowa troops, non-active, 2. 511.

Ireland, famine, effect on American finances, 2. 263, 484; American relief and the war, 304.

Irish in American army, Mexican propaganda among, 1. 507, 2. 81, 358; deserters in Santa Anna's army, 88, 385; in Mexican hospital force, 347. See also San Patricio battalion.

Irregulars. See Guerilla warfare.

Irving, Washington, American minister at Madrid, reports cited passim.

Irwin, J. R., Scott's chief quartermaster, 2. 366.

Irwin, William, at Marin, 1. 562.

Isunza, J. R., governor of Puebla, and Scott's advance, 2. 66, 69, 95.

Iturbe, ——, finance minister, graft, 1. 214, 2. 328.

Itúrbide, Agustín de, and war on insurgents, 1. 31; revolt, 33; rule, 335; overthrow, 35; and Congress, 35; execution, 37: seizure by, 426; and financial system, 2. 6.

Iztaccihuatl, Mount, aspect, 2. 93.

Izucar de Matamoros, Lane at, 2. 179, 427.

J

Jackson, Andrew, and Texas, 1. 62, 419, 428; and Sabine River boundary, 64; and claims on Mexico, 778, 428; and war spirit, 124.

Jackson, T. J., at Chapultepec, 2. 154, 160, 410; at Contreras, 378; at Molino del Rey, 403.

Jalapa, site, aspect, 1. 2, 2. 63, 223; march of Scott's army for, 38, 45-8; Mexican preparations on route, 3942, 346; defences at Cerro Gordo, 42-5, 347, 348; battle of Cerro Gordo, 48-59; occupied, 59, 354; Scott at, his problems of advance, 61-5; American garrison, 74, 361, 362, 433; American rule, 223-5, 230, 231, 458; Scott's fortification, 358.

Jalisco Lancers, at Monterey, 1. 494.

Jalisco state, and Santa Anna, 1. 376; in discussion on peace, 2. 464.

Jarauta, C. D. de, as guerilla, 2. 171; offers to join Americans, 421; executed, 423.

Jarero, J. M., at Cerro Gordo, 2. 44.

Jarnagin, Spencer, and tariff of 1846, 2. 257, 496.

Jay, John, and War of 1812, 2. 280.

Jefferson, Tampico incident, 1. 425.

Jesup, T. S., and tents, 1. 206; and Wool's train, 274; Taylor on, 352; quartermaster general, 475; and Taylor's inadequate preparations for Monterey campaign, 482, 491; and preparations for Vera Cruz expedition, 545.

Jesup, Fort, troops at (1845), 1. 140.

Jobson, S., on Ulúa, 1. 536.

John Adams, and Vera Cruz expedition, 2. 18; in Home Squadron, 197, 446; in attack on Tuxpán, 444.

Johnson, Andrew, on cause of war, 1. 189.

Johnson, Sir Thomas, Mexican partisan, 1. 531.

Johnston, A. S., at Monterey, 1. 253; Texan regiment for Taylor, 480; staff position, 492.

Johnston, J. E., at Chapultepec, 2. 154, 155; takes reinforcements to Scott, 184; force at Puebla, 432.

Jomini, Baron de, on simplicity of war, 1.x; on generalship, 2. 315. Jones, Anson, on Polk and war, 1. 445, 446.

Jones, Roger, adjutant general, 1. 474.

Jones, T. A. C., occupation of Monterey, 1. 69, 323, 327, 423; commands Pacific squadron, 2. 448.

Jones, W. D., American consul at Mexico, reports cited passim.

Jornada del Muerto, Doniphan's march, 1. 300, 518.

Journal des Débats, on sympathy with Mexico, 1. 1124; on monarchist plan, 470; attitude toward United States, 2. 295; on weakness of Mexico, 297; on outbreak of war, 300; on Palmerston, 301; and interposition, 304; on American victories, 305; and terms of peace, 308, 309; on Mexico expedition as achievement, 321; criticism of military operations, 507.

Juárez, B. P., and demand on Church property, 2. 10, 11.

Judiciary, Mexican, character, 1. 12-3, 409, 427; in occupied territory, 2. 229.

Juno, at Santa Barbara, 1. 527.

Justice of the war, 1. ix, 66-7, 70-83, 98, 100-1, 116-22, 136-7, 187, 190, 325-7, 2. 310-1, 322-4, 514.

Juvera, J., at Venado, 1. 553.

K

Kearny, Philip, in Scott's army, 2. 77; at Churubusco, 119.

Kearny, S. W., preparation for Santa Fe expedition, force, 1. 286, 288, 515; map of route, 287; march to Bent's Fort, 288-9, 515; caravan with, 289; Armijo's preparations, 289, 292-3; Price's reinforcement, 290, 516; Mormon battalion, 290, 516; proclamation and letter to Armijo, 290, 516; advance to San Miguel, 291; assurances to inhabitants, 291-2, 516; expected fight at Apache Canyon, condition of force, 292-3, 516; resistance abandoned, 293-5, 516-7; occupies Santa Fe, 295-6; march to southern district, 297; leaves for California, 297, 517; reaches it, condition of force, 341; battle of San Pascual, 341-2, 534; in advance on Los Angeles, 3423; rule in New Mexico, 2. 217; rule in California, 217; governor of Mexico City, 438; and Frémont, 454; governor of Vera Cruz, 457; leaves Mexico City, 476.

Kendall, Amos, on peace, 2. 314.

Kendall, G. W., in Santa Fe expedition, 1. 72; on losses at Monterey, 505.

Kendrick, H. L., at siege of Puebla, 2. 424.

Kenly, J. R., on war enthusiasm of Mexicans, 1. 442.

Kennedy, ——, and Rebolledo, 2. 423.

Kent, William, on the war, 2. 273.

Kentucky troops, enlistments, 1. 195; in Monterey campaign, 255, 492, 496; at Buena Vista, 383, 386, 388, 554, 555, 558; in Wool's march, 509; at Saltillo, 541; at siege of Vera Cruz, 2. 343; at Cerro Gordo, 352; in Taylor's later force, 417; call (1847), 431.

Kerr, Croghan, at Palo Alto, 1. 164, 168; at Resaca de la Palma, 172, 467.

Kilburn, C. L., at Buena Vista, 1. 391, 558.

Kimball, E. A., at Chapultepec, 2. 410.

King, Preston, position in House, 2. 496.

King, W. R., American minister at Paris, on war and slavery, 1. 189; on French war sentiment, 2. 300; on importance of victories, 305.

Kingsbury, Private, on Mexican women, 2. 230.

Kirby, Edmund, Scott's chief paymaster, 2. 366.

Kribben, Christian, on Chihuahua Rangers, 1. 519.

L

La Angostura. See Angostura.

La Antigua. See Antigua.

La Atalaya. See Atalaya.

La Bahía. See Bahía.

Laboring class in Mexico, 1. 6.

Laclede Rangers, in Kearny's expedition, 1. 288;-to hold Santa Fe, 298

La Encarnación. See Encarnación. Lafragua, J. M., and peace negotiations, 2. 466.

Lagos coalition. See Coalition.

Laguna, occupation, 2. 201, 204, 445.

La Hoya Pass. See Hoya.

Lally, F. T., guerilla attacks on, 2. 171, 422; takes reinforcements to Scott, 184; rule at Jalapa, 224; at Huamantla, 426; in Lane's operations, 426.

Lampazos company, at Monterey, 1. 494.

Lancers of the Poisoned Spear, 2. 173.

Landero, J. J. de, and surrender of Vera Cruz, 2. 33, 334, 340, 342.

Lane, Camp, 1. 480.

Lane, Joseph, at Saltillo, 1. 371; at Buena Vista, 390, 555, 557; march to relieve Puebla, 2. 176, 425; battle of Huamantla, 1768, 426; reaches Puebla, 178; operations against guerillas, 179, 426-7; conduct of soldiers, 225; brigade in Taylor's force, 417; career and character, 425; retained in service, 432.

La Paz. See Paz.

La Peña redoubt. See Peña.

Laplace, C. P. T., and California, 1. 523.

Laredo, occupation, 1. 452.

Larkin, T. O., as trader in California, 1. 317; on American immigrants, 318; on independence, 321; American consul, 324; on attitude of England, 325; on peaceful absorption, 325; instructions to, as confidential agent, 325, 329; and taking possession at Monterey, 334, 335, 530; in first southern campaign, 337; captured, 536.

Larnard, C. H., on Taylor, 1. 204, 470.

La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Due de, on detail, 1. ix; on greatness, 2. 314, 316.

La Rosa, Luis de. See Rosa.

Las Bocas. See Bocas.

Las Vegas, Kearny's expedition at, 1. 211.

Las Vigas. See Vigas.

La Vaca. See Port La Vaca.

Lavallette, E. A. F., at Guaymas, 2. 206, 447; evacuates Mazatlán, 476.

La Vega, R. Díaz de, and Rio Grande campaign, 1. 158, 179; captured at Resaca de la Palma, 467; in preparations below Perote, 2. 40, 42, 346; at Cerro Gordo, 44; captured, not paroled, 354.

La Viga garita. See Viga.

Law of April 20, 1847, 2. 81, 130, 135, 367, 389, 393.

Law of February 4, 1847, 2. 12, 15.

Law of January 11, 1847, passage and conflict over, 2. 8-15, 329-32.

Lawrence, in Home Squadron, 2. 442.

Laws, chaos of Mexican, 1. 12.

Lawson, Thomas, surgeon general, 1. 366, 475.

Lay, G. W., of Scott's staff, 2. 366.

Leavenworth, Fort, aspect, gathering of Kearny's expedition, 1. 286.

Lee, R. E., in march to Victoria, 1. 358; and landing at Vera Cruz, 2. 23, 336; at siege, 30, 335; at Cerro Gordo, 49-51, 53, 349; reconnoitres Contreras, 103; at battle, 108, 109, 378; at Churubusco, 110, 383, 384; on plan to attack Mexico City, 149, 408; appearance, 149, 405; on removal of Scott, 188; on Scott as general, 317; on victory and humanity, 324; engineer with Scott, 366, 544; reconnoitres southern approaches of capital, 408; at Chapultepec, 409.

Leese, Jacob, as trader in California, 1. 318.

Leggett, Aaron, claim, 1. 427, 430.

Lendrum, J. H., at San Cosme garita, 2. 414.

Leo XII, and Mexican church, 1. 408.

Léon, Antonio de, brigade, 2. 67, 369; and revolt in Oaxaca, 369; at Molino del Rey, killed, 142, 145.

Léon, Joaquin Velázquez de, as claims commissioner, 1. 80, 429-31.

Leonidas letter, on Scott, 2. 187, 435-7; on Pillow at Contreras, 376.

Léperos, 1.6; and American soldiers, 2. 166, 459.

Lerdo de Tejada, M. M., on American rule, 2. 221.

Lesson of the war to Mexico, 2. 323-4, 514.

Levant, in Pacific squadron, 2. 189, 447.

Lewis, D. H., position in Senate, 2. 496.

Lexington, in Pacific squadron, 2. 447.

Lexington Commonwealth, on British intrigue in Mexico, 1. 121.

Libertad redoubt at Monterey, 1. 239, 248. Liberty of the press. See Press.

Lieber, Francis, on justice of acquiring California, 2. 322.

Lieutenant generalcy, plan for appointment of Benton, 2. 75, 363, 365.

Ligero cavalry, at Monterey, 1. 494.

Lillers, Count, on attitude toward Mexico, 1. 119.

Linares, aspect, 1. 359.

Lincoln, Abraham, on Doniphan, 1. 299; war criticism, 2. 277, 493.

Liquor, Mexican drinks, 1. 2, 21; and outrages by American troops, 2. 211-3, 216, 224, 457; regulation at Vera Cruz, 457.

Livermore, A. A., on slavery as cause of Mexican War, 1, 473.

Liverpool Mail, sympathy with Mexico, 1. 112.

Lizardi banking house, robs treasury, 1. 432.

Llano, M. M., in Monterey negotiations, 1. 502.

Loans, Mexican, 1. 37, 2. 254; American, 258-60, 479, 481, 485. See also Finances.

Lobos Islands, rendezvous for Vera Cruz expedition, 1. 367, 2. 17.

Local government, in occupied territory, 1. 338, 2. 218, 229, 461. See also Police.

Loch, G. G., and Cerro Gordo, 2. 348.

Locofocos, and Polk, 2. 270, 281.

Löwenstern, Isidor, on Mexican abandonment of California, 1. 319.

Lombardini, M. M., at Buena Vista, 1. 389-91, 559; character and command, 2. 88; retirement from Chapultepec, 412.

Lomita, Camp, 1. 480.

London Daily News, on conduct of Americans in Mexico, 2. 226.

London Examiner, on expected war, 1. 134; criticism of military operations, 2. 307; on trade through occupied ports, 505; on Polk, 510.

London Globe, and peace, 2. 125: and interposition, 303.

London Journal of Commerce, on American aggression, 1. 113.

London Morning Chronicle, on California, 1. 322; on outbreak of war, 2. 300; criticism of military operations, 307, 308; on American people, 502; on interposition, 505; on the war and development, 514.

London Morning Herald, on chances of expected war, 1. 108; on annexation of Texas, 113.

London Post, on outbreak of war, 2. 300.

London Standard, on chances of expected war, 1. 109, 113.

London Times, on monarchy for Mexico, 1. 95, 135; on chances of expected war, 105, 106, 110, 113, 441, 442; on Oregon and Mexico, 115; on American hostility to England, 121; on Taylor's force in Mexico, 142; on Santa Anna, 216; on California, 322, 524; on Santa Anna at San Luis Potosí, 379; on Slidell mission, 437; on Mexican finances, 2. 8; attack on United States, 91; and peace, 125, 235; on American government, 294; on military titles, 294; on American people, 295; on absorption of Mexico, 297; on outbreak of the war, 300; and interposition, 302, 306, 505; criticism of military operations, 306-8; on Mexican policy, 310; on probable pillage, 324.

Longstreet, James, at Chapultepec, 2. 157; at Churubusco, 385.

López de Santa Anna. See Santa Anna.

López Uraga, J. See Uraga.

Loring, W. W., at Cerro Gordo, 2. 350, 352.

Los Angeles, in 1846, 1. 315; occupied by Americans, 337; Gillespie's rule, rising against it, 338-9, 533-4; American advance and recapture, 342-4, 535; map of engagement near, 344.

Louis Philippe, and Texas, 1. 67, 2. 304; policy of neutrality, 300. See also France.

Louisa, claim, 1. 426.

Louisiana Purchase, Mexican negotiations on boundary, 1. 59-61; and Texas, 138.

Louisiana troops, calls, 1. 150, 480, 537, 2. 364, 365, 430; in Vera Cruz expedition, 1. 368, 2. 336, 343; at Tampico, 1. 546, 547; with Scott, 2. 422; at Huamantla, 426.

Louisville Legion, at Monterey, 1. 255.

Lowell, J. R., and secession, 2. 272; on slavery and the war, 274; opposition to the war, 279.

Lower California, map of tip, 2. 207; naval occupation, counter-attacks, 207-8, 448-9, 454; in peace negotiations, 469, 476.

Lozano, Ramón, Spanish chargé at Mexico, and peace negotiations, 2. 135, 396, 467; on Spain and Mexico, 297; on Mexican force at time of evacuation, 416.

Lumpkin, Wilson, opposes war, 1. 189.

 

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