The Works of Francis Bacon/Volume 2

by Francis Bacon

THE WORKS

OF

FRANCIS BACON,

LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND.

WITH A LIFE OF THE AUTHOR

BY

BASIL MONTAGU, ESQUIRE.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

VOL. II.

NEW YORK;
R. WORTHINGTON, 770 BROADWAY.
1884

CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
Page
SYLVA SILVARUM; OR A NATURAL HISTORY.
Century I.
	Of straining or percolation, outward and inward		7
	Of motion upon pressure		8
	Of separations of bodies liquid by weight		8
	Of infusions in water and air		9
	Of the appetite of continuation in liquids		10
	Of artificial springs		10
	Of the venomous quality of man's flesh		10
	Of turning air into water		10
	Of helping or altering the shape of the body		11
	Of condensing of air, to yield weight or nourishment		11
	Of flame and air commixed		11
	Of the secret nature of flame		12
	Of flame, in the midst, and on the sides		12
	Of motion of gravity		12
	Of contraction of bodies in bulk		13
	Of making vines more fruitful		13
	Of the several operations of purging medicines		13
	Of meats and drinks most nourishing		14
	Of medicines applied in order		17
	Of cure by custom		17
	Of cure by excess		17
	Of cure by motion of consent		17
	Of cure of diseases contrary to predisposition		17
	Of preparation before and after purging		18
	Of stanching blood		18
	Of change of aliments and medicines		18
	Of diets		18
	Of production of cold		18
	Of turning air into water		19
	Of induration of bodies		20
	Of preying of air upon water		21
	Of the force of union		22
	Of making feathers and hairs of divers colours		22
	Of nourishment of young creatures in the egg, or womb		22
	Of sympathy and antipathy		22
	Of the spirits or pneumaticals in bodies		23
	Of the power of heat		23
	Of impossibility of annihilation		24
Century II.
	Of music		24
	Of the nullity and entity of sounds		26
	Of production, conservation, and delation of sounds		28
	Of magnitude, exility, and damps of sounds		29
	Of loudness and softness of sounds		32
	Of communication of sounds		32
	Of equality and inequality of sounds		32
	Of more treble and base tones		33
	Of proportion of treble and base		34
	Of exterior and interior sounds		34
	Of articulation of sounds		35
Century III.
	Of the lines in which sounds move		36
	Of the lasting and perishing of sounds		36
	Of the passage in interception of sounds		37
	Of the medium of sounds		37
	Of the figures of bodies yielding sounds		38
	Of mixtures of sounds		38
	Of melioration of sounds		39
	Of imitation of sounds		40
	Of consent and dissent between audibles and visibles		41, 42
	Of sympathy and antipathy of sounds		43
	Of hindering or healping of hearing		44
	Of the spiritual and fine nature of sounds		44
	Of orient colours in dissolution of metals		45
	Of prolongation of life		45
	Of the appetite of union in bodies		45
	Of the like operations of heat and time		45
	Of the differing operations of fire and time		45
	Of motions by imitation		45
	Of infectious diseases		46
	Of the incorporation of powders and liquors		47
	Of exercise of the body, and the benefits or evils thereof		46
	Of meats soon glutting, or not glutting		46
Century IV.
	Of clarification of liquors and the acceleration thereof		47
	Of maturation, and the accelerating thereof: and of the maturation of drinks and fruits		48
	Of making gold		49
	Of the several natures of gold		50
	Of inducing and accelerating putrefaction		50
	Of prohibiting and preventing putrefaction		51
	Of rotten wood shining		52
	Of acceleration of birth		53
	Of acceleration of growth and stature		53
	Of bodies sulphureous and mercurial		53
	Of the chameleon		54
	Of suhterrany fires		54
	Of nitrous water		54
	Of congealing of air		54
	Of congealing of water into crystal		54
	Of preserving the smell and colour in rose leaves		55
	Of the lasting of flame		55
	Of infusions or burials of divers bodies in earth		56
	Of the effects on men's bodies from several winds		57
	Of winter and summer sicknesses		57
	Of pestilential years		57
	Of epidemical diseases		57
	Of preservation of liquors in wells, or deep vaults		57
	Of slutting		57
	Of sweet smells		58
	Of the goodness and choice of waters		58
	Of temperate heats under the equinoctial		59
	Of the coloration of black and tawny Moors		59
	Of motion after the instant of death		59
Century V.
	Of accelerating or hastening forward germination		60
	Of retarding or putting back germination		61
	Of meliorating, or making better, fruits and plants		62
	Of compound fruits and flowers		66
	Of sympathy and antipathy of plants		67
	Of making herbs and fruits medicinal		69
Century VI.
	Of curiosities about fruits and plants		70
	Of the degenerating of plants, and of their transmutation one into another		72
	Of the procevity and lowness of plants, and of artificial dwarfing them		73
	Of the rudiments of plants, and of the excrescences of plants, or super-plants		74
	Of producing perfect plants without seed		76
	Of foreign plants		77
	Of the seasons of several plants		77
	Of the lasting of plants		78
	Of several figures of plants		78
	Of some principal differences in plants		79
	Of all manner of composts and helps for ground		79
Century VII.
	Of the affinities and differences between plants and bodies inanimate		81
	Of affinities and differences between plants and living creatures, and of the confiners and participles of both		81
	Of plants, experiments promiscuous		82
	Of the healing of wounds		89
	Of fat diffused in flesh		89
	Of ripening drink speedily		89
	Of pilosity and plumage		89
	Of the quickness of motion in birds		90
	Of the clearness of the sea, the north wind blowing		90
	Of the different heats of fire and boiling water		90
	Of the qualifications of heat by moisture		90
	Of yawning		90
	Of the hiccough		90
	Of sneezing		90
	Of the tenderness of the teeth		91
	Of the tongue		91
	Of the mouth out of taste		91
	Of some prognostics of pestilential seasons		91
	Of special simples for medicines		91
	Of Venus		91
	Of the insects, or creatures bred of putrefaction		92
	Of leaping		93
	Of the pleasures and displeasures of hearing, and of the other senses		93
Century VIII.
	Of veins of earth medicinal		94
	Of sponges		91
	Of sea-fish in fresh waters		91
	Of attraction by similitude of substance		94
	Of certain drinks in Turkey		94
	Of sweat		95
	Of the glow-worm		95
	Of the impressions upon the body from several passions of the mind		95
	Of drunkenness		97
	Of the hurt or help of wine, taken moderately		98
	Of caterpillars		98
	Of the flies cantharides		98
	Of lassitude		98
	Of casting of the skin, and shell, in some creatures		98
	Of the postures of the body		99
	Of pestilential years		99
	Of some prognostics of hard winters		99
	Of certain medicines that condense and rarefy the spirits		99
	Of paintings of the body		99
	Of the use of bathing and anointing		99
	Of chambletting of paper		100
	Of cuttle ink		100
	Of earth increasing in weight		100
	Of sleep		100
	Of teeth and hard substances in the bodies of living creatures		100
	Of the generation, and bearing of living creatures in the womb		101
	Of species visible		102
	Of impulsion and percussion		103
	Of titillation		103
	Of scarcity of rain in Egypt		103
	Of clarification		103
	Of plants without leaves		103
	Of the materials of glass		104
	Of prohibition of putrefaction, and the long conservation of bodies		104
	Of abundance of nitre in certain sea-shores		104
	Of bodies borne up by water		104
	Of fuel consuming little or nothing		104
	Of cheap fuel		105
	Of gathering of wind for freshness		105
	Of trials of air		105
	Of increasing milk in milch beasts		105
	Of sand of the nature of glass		105
	Of the growth of coral		105
	Of the gathering of manna		105
	Of the correcting of wines		106
	Of bitumen, one of the materials of wild-fire		106
	Of plaster growing as hard as marble		106
	Of the cure of ulcers and hurts		106
	Of the healthfulness or unhealthfulness of southern wind		106
	Of wounds made with brass, and with iron		106
	Of mortification by cold		106
	Of weight 106
	Of supernatation of bodies 107
	Of the living of unequal bodies in the air		107
	Of water, that it may be the medium of sounds 107
	Of the flight of the spirits upon odious objects		107
	Of the super-reflection of echoes		107
	Of the force of the imagination imitating that of the senses		107
	Of preservation of bodies		108
	Of the growth or multiplying of metals		108
	Of the drowning the more base metal in the more precious		108
	Of fixation of bodies		108
	Of the restless nature of things in themselves, and their desire to change		108
Century IX.
	Of perception in bodies insensible, tending to natural divination or subtile trials		109
	Of the nature of appetite in the stomach		112
	Of sweetness of odour from the rainbow		112
	Of sweet smells		112
	Of the corporeal substance of smells		112
	Of fetid and fragrant odours		112
	Of the causes of putrefaction		113
	Of bodies imperfectly mixed		113
	Of concoction and crudity		113
	Of alterations, which may be called majors		114
	Of bodies liquefiable, and not liquefiable		114
	Of bodies fragile and tough		114
	Of the two kinds of pneumaticals in bodies		115
	Of concretion and dissolution of bodies		115
	Of bodies hard and soft		115
	Of ductile and tensile		115
	Of several passions of matter, and characters of bodies		115
	Of induration by sympathy		116
	Of honey and sugar		116
	Of the finer sort of base metals		116
	Of certain cements and quarries		117
	Of the altering of colours in hairs and feathers		116
	Of the difference of living creatures, male and female		117
	Of the comparative magnitude of living creatures		117
	Of producing fruit without core or stone		117
	Of the melioration of tobacco		117
	Of several heats working the same effects		118
	Of swelling and dilatation in boiling		118
	Of the dulcoration of fruits		118
	Of flesh edible and not edible		118
	Of the salamander		118
	Of the contrary operations of time on fruits and liquors		119
	Of blows and bruises		119
	Of the orrice root		119
	Of the compression of liquors		119
	Of the nature of air		119
	Of the working of water upon air contiguous		119
	Of the eyes and sight		119
	Of the colour of the sea or other water		120
	Of shell-fish		120
	Of the right side and the left		121
	Of frictions		121
	Of globes appearing flat at distance		121
	Of shadows		121
	Of the rolling and breaking of the seas		121
	Of the dulcoration of salt-water		121
	Of the return of saltness in pits upon the sea shore		121
	Of attraction by similitude of substance		121
	Of attraction		121
	Of heat under earth		122
	Of flying in the air		122
	Of the scarlet dye		122
	Of maleficiating		122
	Of the rise of water by means of flame		122
	Of the influences of the moon		122
	Of vinegar		123
	Of creatures that sleep all winter		123
	Of the generating of creatures by copulation, and by putrefaction		123
Century X.
	Of the transmission and influx of immateriate virtues, and the force of imagination		124
	Of the transmission of spirits, and the force of imagination		124
	Of the emission of spirits in vapour, or exhalation, odour-like		126
	Of emission of spiritual species which affect the senses		128
	Of emissions of immateriate virtues, from the minds and spirits of men, by affections, imagination, or other impressions		129
	Of the secret virtue of sympathy and antipathy		129
	Of secret virtues and proprieties		136
	Of the general sympathy of men's spirits		137
TRACTS RELATING TO SCOTLAND.
	A discourse of the happy union		138
	Articles touching the union		142
	Certificate of the commissioners		149
	Naturalization of the Scottish nation		150
	Union of laws		158
	Proposition towards the union of laws		160
	The post-nati		166
TRACTS RELATING TO IRELAND.
	Considerations touching the plantation		183
	Letter to Mr. Secretary Cecil		187
	Considerations touching the queen's service in Ireland		188
	Letters to Sir Geo. Villiers		190
TRACTS RELATING TO SPAIN.
	Report of the Spanish grievances		193
	Notes of a speech concerning a war with Spain		199
	Considerations touching a war with Spain		201
	Miscellaneous tracts		214
	Report of Lopez's treason		216
TRACTS RELATING TO ENGLAND.
	Of the true greatness of Britain		222
	Proposition touching the amendment of the laws		229
	Offer of digest of the laws		233
	Certificate touching the penal laws		236
	Advice touching the charter-house		239
	Observations on a libel		242
SPEECHES.
	Touching purveyors		266
	About undertakers		269
	To the king upon the grievances of the Commons		272
	On wards and tenures		273
	Declaration for the master of the wards		274
	On receiving the king's messages		276
	Concerning impositions on merchandises		278
	To grant supplies to the king		281
	Relating to the mint		282
	To the speaker's excuse		284
	On the motion of a subsidy		286
CHARGES.
	Commission for the verge		289
	Of subordinate magistrates		294
	Against duels		295
	Decree of Star-Chamber against duels		300
	Against Mr. Oliver St. John		303
	Against Mr. Lumsden, &c.		307
	Against Lord Sanquhar		311
	Against Mr. Owen		313
	Against Countess of Somerset		315, 319
	Against Earl of Somerset		321
		Against Letter to the king	326
		Against To Sir G. Villiers	326
		Against To the king	328
		Against To Sir G. Villiers	330
		Against Of Somerset's arraignment	330
		Against To the king, about Somerset's examination	331
		Against To Sir G. Villiers, about Lady Somerset's pardon	331
	Against William Talbot		389
PAPERS RELATING TO THE EARL OF ESSEX.
	Apology of Sir Francis Bacon		333
	The proceedings of the Earl of Essex		342
	Declarations of his treasons		348
	Arraignment of Blunt, Davis, &c.		363
	Arraignment of Cuffe		365
	Arraignment of Merrick		365
	Confession of Lee		365
	Confession of Knowd		366
	Confession of Gorge		367
	Confession of Sir J. Davis		368
	Confession of Sir C. Davers		368, 369
	Confession of Sir C. Blunt		369, 372
	Confession of Lord Sandys		371
	Confession of the Earl of Essex		374
	Declaration of Sir William Warren		366
	Declaration of Thomas Wood		366
	Declaration of David Hethrington		366
	Declaration of the Lord Keener		370
	Examination of Lord Rutland		371
	Examination of Lord Cromwell		372
	Examination of Lord Southampton		373
	Speech of Sir Christopher Blunt		373
	Advice to Sir George Villiers		375
THEOLOGICAL TRACTS.
Prayers.
		A prayer, or psalm, made by the Lord Bacon, chancellor of England	405
		A prayer made by the Lord Chancellor Bacon	405
		The student's prayer	406
		The writer's prayer	406
	A confession of faith		407
	The characters of a believing Christian, in paradoxes and seeming contradictions		408
	An advertisement, touching the controversies of the church of England		411
	Certain considerations, touching the better pacification and edification of the church of England		420
	The translation of certain psalms into English verse		431
	An advertisement touching a holy war		435
	Questions about the lawfulness of a war for the propagating of religion		444
MISCELLANEOUS.
	Mr. Bacon s discourse in praise of his sovereign		415
	A proclamation drawn for his majesty's firstcoming in		451
	A draught of a proclamation touching his majesty's style		453
	Physiological remains		455
	Medical remains		466
JUDICIAL CHARGES AND TRACTS.
Speeches.
		On taking his place in chancery	471
		Before the summer circuits	475
		To Sir W.Jones	477
		To Sir J. Denham	477
		To Justice Hutton	478
	Ordinances for regulating the Court of Chancery		479
JUDICIAL CHARGES AND TRACTS.
Papers relating to Sir Edward Coke.
	An expostulation to the Lord Chief Justice Coke		485
	To the king, about the commendams		488
	A memorial for his majesty		489
	To Sir George Villiers		491
	Tracts relating to commendams		491
	A remembrance of abuse received from Lord Coke		497
	Reasons for removing Lord Coke		497
	To the king		498
	Lord Viscount Villiers to Sir Francis Bacon		498
	To the king		499
	Remembrances of his majesty's declaration touching Lord Coke		500
	To the king		500
	To the king		501
	Sir Edward Coke to the king		502
	The king to the lord keeper		502
	Sir Henry Yelverton to the Lord Keeper Bacon		503
	To the Marquis of Buckingham		504
	The Lord Chancellor Ellesmere to the king		505
	Lord Coke's answer to the fourth question arising out of Dr. Bonham's case		506
	Lord Coke's answer to the last question arising upon Bagg's case		507
	Letter to the judges		507
	Charge against Whitelocke		508
Letters relating to Legal Proceedings.
	Robert, Earl of Somerset, to Sir Thos. Overbury		509
	To the king		510
	To John Murray		511
	To Mr. Murray		511
	To Mr. Murray		511
	To the king		511
	Supplement of passages omitted in Bacon's speech against Owen		512
	To the king		512
	To Sir George Villiers, touching the examination of Sir Robert Cotton		615
	Sir Francis Bacon to the judges		515
	Legal questions for the judges		516
	Questions of convenience		516
	A particular remembrance for his majesty		516
	Heads of the charge against Robert, Earl of Somerset		516
	To Sir George Villiers		518
	To the king		519
	Advice to the king, for reviving the commission of suits		520
	To the Earl of Buckingham		521
	To the lord keeper		521
	To the lord keeper		521
	To the lord chancellor		522
	To Sir Henry Yelverton		522
	To the lord chancellor		522
	To the lord chancellor		522
	To the lord chancellor		523
	To the lord chancellor		523
	To the lord chancellor		523
	To the lord chancellor		524
	To the king		524
	To the lord chancellor		524
	To the Marquis of Buckingham		525
	To the lord chancellor		525
	Notes of a speech of the lord chancellor		525
	To the Marquis of Buckingham		526
	To the Marquis of Buckingham		520
	To the king		526
	To the king		527
	Notes upon Michael de la Pole's case		527
	Observations upon Thorpe's case		527
	Notes upon Sir John Lee's case		527
	Notes upon Lord Latimer's case		528
	Notes upon John Lord Neville's case		528
	Questions demanded of the Chief Justice of the King's Bench		528
	Lord Coke's answers to the questions upon the case of the Isle of Ely		529
	Lord Coke's answers to the questions upon D'Arcy scase		529
	Lord Coke s answer to the question arising upon Godfrey's case		530
	John Selden, Esq. to the Lord Viscount St. Alban		530
MISCELLANEOUS.
	The first copy of my Discourse touching the safety of the Queen's Person		532
	The first Fragments of a Discourse touching intelligence and safety of the Queen's Person		532
	The Speeches drawn up by Mr. Bacon for the Earl of Essex, in a device exhibited by his lordship before Queen Elizabeth, on the anniversary of her accession to the throne, Nov. 17,1595		533
	Remembrances for the King, before his going into Scotland		537
	Account of Council Business		537
	An account of Council Business and of other matters committed to me by his Majesty		538
	A Draught of an Act against a usurious shift of gain, in delivering Commodities instead of Money		540
	A Proposition for the repressing of singular Combats, or Duels		540
	Advice to the King for reviving the Commission of Suits		511
	Reasons why the New Company is not to be trusted and continued with the trade of Clothes		541
MISCELLANEOUS TRACTS. [Translated from the Latin.]
	On the Interpretation of Nature		543
	True Hints on the Interpretation of Nature		551
	The Phenomena of the Universe; or, Natural History for the Basis of Natural Philosophy		558
	Description of the Intellectual Globe		571

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