The World Factbook (1982)/Austria

by the Central Intelligence Agency

AUSTRIA

(See reference map V)

LAND

83,916 km²; 20% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water

Land boundaries: 2,582 km

PEOPLE

Population: 7,510,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.0%

Nationality: noun—Austrian(s); adjective—Austrian

Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other

Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other

Language: German

Literacy: 98%

Labor force: 2,875,000 (September 1980); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communications, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 1.2% unemployed; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 184,100 (September 1980)

Organized labor: 60% of wage and salary workers (1979)

GOVERNMENT

Official name: Republic of Austria

Type: federal republic

Capital: Vienna

Political subdivisions: 9 states (Laender) including the capital

Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal education at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday: 26 October

Branches: bicameral parliament, directly elected President whose functions are largely representational, independent federal judiciary

Government leaders: President Rudolf KIRCHSCHLÄGER; Chancellor Bruno KREISKY leads a one-party Socialist government

Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory for presidential elections

Elections: presidential, every six years (next 1986); parliamentary, every four years (next 1983)

Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (FPOe), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Alois Mock, Chairman; Liberal Party (FPOe), Norbert Steger, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri, Chairman

Voting strength (1979 election): 51.0% SPOe, 41.9% OeVP, 6.1% FPOe, 1.0% Communist

Communists: membership 25,000 est.; activists 7,000–8,000

Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party (OeVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action

Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, ITU, IWC–International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WSG

ECONOMY

GNP: $62.16 billion (1980), $8,280 per capita; 56% private consumption, 18% public consumption, 26% investment; 1980 real GNP growth rate, 0.3%

Agriculture: livestock, forest products, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70)

Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp

Crude steel: 4.9 million metric tons produced (1979), 650 kg per capita (1979)

Electric power: 13,200,000 kW capacity (1980); 40.815 billion kWh produced (1980), 6,728 kWh per capita

Exports: $17.2 billion (f.o.b., 1980); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals

Imports: $23.4 billion (c.i.f., 1980); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, petroleum, foodstuffs

Major trade partners: (1980) 37.1% West Germany, 9.5% Italy, 6.2% Switzerland, 3.5% UK, 2.8% US; 59.8% EC; 10.1% Eastern Europe

Aid: (1970-79) bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $670 million

Budget: expenditures, $23.18 billion; revenues, $19.45 billion; deficit, $3.73 billion (1982)

Monetary conversion rate: 15.89 shillings=US$1, 1981 average

Fiscal year: calendar year

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 6,517 km total; 5.877 km government owned; 5,397 km standard gauge (1.435 m) of which 2,730 km electrified and 1,333 km double tracked; 480 km narrow gauge (0.760 m) of which 91 km electrified; 640 km privately owned (1.435-and 1.000-meter gauge)

Highways: approximately 33,600 km total national classified network, including 10,400 km federal and 23,200 km provincial roads; about 20,800 km paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 12,800 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 60,800 km communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) and 1,012 km autobahn

Inland waterways: 427 km

Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz)

Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products

Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in

Airfields: 55 total, 53 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 160 AM, 450 FM, and 780 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station; 2.81 million telephones (37.5 per 100 popl.)

DEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,878,000; 1,590,000 fit for military service; 65,000 reach military age (19) annually

Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1982, $782 million; about 3.6% of the proposed federal budget