The World Factbook (1982)/Denmark

by the Central Intelligence Agency

DENMARK

(See reference map V)

LAND

42,994 km² (exclusive of Greenland and Faroe Islands); 64% arable, 8% meadows and pastures, 11% forested, 17% other

Land boundaries: 68 km

WATER

Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm)

Coastline: 3,379 km

PEOPLE

Population: 5,125,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 0.1%

Nationality: noun—Dane(s); adjective—Danish

Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population

Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other

Language: Danish; small German-speaking minority

Literacy: 99%

Labor force: 2,529,000 (1979 average); 8.2% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 21.0% manufacturing, 7.9% construction, 13.3% commerce, 6.8% transportation, 7.0% banking and business services, 34.1% social services; 6.9% average unemployment rate

Organized labor: 65% of labor force

GOVERNMENT

Official name: Kingdom of Denmark

Type: constitutional monarchy

Capital: Copenhagen

Political subdivisions: 14 counties, 277 communes, 88 towns

Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1953; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Copenhagen and Arhus; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

National holiday: birthday of the Queen, 16 April

Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Folketing); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by Cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 2 superior courts, 106 lower courts

Government leaders: Queen MARGRETHE II; Prime Minister Anker J0RGENSEN

Suffrage: universal over age 21

Elections: on call of prime minister but at least every four years (last election 8 December 1981)

Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Anker Jorgensen; Liberal, Henning Christophersen; Conservative, Poul Schltiter; Radical Liberal, Niels Helveg Petersen; Socialist Peopled, Gert Petersen; Communist, Joergen Jensen; Left Socialist, Preben Wilhjelm; Center Democratic, Erhard Jakobsen; Christian Peopled, Christian Christensen; Justice, Poul Gerhard Kristiansen; Trade and Industry Party, Asger J. Lindinger; Progress Party, Mogens Glistrup

Voting strength (1981 election): 32.9% Labor, 11.3% Liberal, 14.4% Conservative, 8.9% Progress, 11.3% Socialist Peopled, 5.1% Radical Liberal, 2.6% Left Socialist, 8.3% Center Democrats, 2.3% Christian, 1.4% Justice

Communists: 7,500-8,000; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 34,625 Communist votes cast in 1981 elections

Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO (observer), EMA, ESRD, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC—International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG

ECONOMY

GNP: $64.6 billion (1980), $12,623 per capita; 51.6% private consumption, 18.8% investment, 27.5% government, 3.5% net foreign sector and stock building; 1980 growth rate —0.2%, constant prices

Agriculture: highly intensive, specializes in dairying and animal husbandry; main crops—cereals, root crops; food imports—oilseed, grain, feedstuffs; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1968-69)

Fishing: catch 1.7 million metric tons (1979), exports $707 million 1979 (est.)

Major industries: food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, transport equipment, metal products, bricks and mortar, furniture and other wood products

Crude steel: 863,000 metric tons produced (1978), 170 kg per capita

Electric power: 7,000,000 kW capacity (1980); 25.438 billion kWh produced (1980), 4,960 kWh per capita

Exports: $16.5 billion (f.o.b., 1980); principal items—meat, dairy products, industrial machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, transport equipment, fish, furs, and furniture

Imports: $19.2 billion (c.i.f., 1980); principal items—industrial machinery, transport equipment, petroleum, textile fibers and yarns, iron and steel products, chemicals, grain and feedstuffs, wood and paper

Major trade partners: 49.5% EC-nine (18.8% West Germany, 13.2% UK); 13.0% Sweden; 5.0% US (1979)

Aid: donor—economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF) $1.7 billion (1970-79)

Budget: (1981) expenditures $24.2 billion, revenues $21.36 billion

Monetary conversion rate: 5.6359 Kroner=US$1 (1980)

Fiscal year: calendar year, beginning 1 January

COMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 2,770 km standard gauge (1.435 m); Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,120 km (1,999 km rail line and 121 km rail ferry services); 97 km electrified, 730 km double tracked; 650 km of standard gauge lines are privately owned and operated

Highways: approximately 66,482 km total; 64,551 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 1,931 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth

Inland waterways: 417 km

Pipelines: refined products, 418 km

Ports: 16 major, 44 minor

Civil air: 55 major transport aircraft, including 5 leased out

Airfields: 178 total, 121 usable; 24 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications: excellent telephone, telegraph, and broadcast services; 3.11 million telephones (60.8 per 100 popl.); 1 AM, 37 FM, and 30 TV stations; 16 submarine coaxial cables

DEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,294,000; 1,094,000 fit for military service; 41,000 reach military age (20) annually