Translation:Mishnah/Seder Moed/Tractate Eruvin/Chapter 1

Mishnah 1

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An alleyway - how high can it be? To twenty amot one must lower it.

Rabbi Yehudah says it is not necessary.

Wider than ten amot, one must reduce.

If there is a tzurat hapetach (form of a doorway), that is wider than ten amot, it is not necessary to reduce it's size.

Mishnah 2

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A Kosher Mavoy- Beit Shamai says: A lehi and a beam. Beit Hillel says: A lehi or a beam. Rabbi Eliezer says: two lehis. In the name of Rabbi Yishmael, said one student before Rabbi Akiva: Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel did not argue on a mavoy that is lower than 4 amot, for it is kosher with a lehi or a korah. About what do they disagree? On the width (of a mavoy) that is greater than 4 amot until 10 amot; Beit Shammai says it needs a lehi and a beam, and Beit Hillel says either a lehi or a beam. Rabbi Akiva says that they argued about both cases.

Mishnah 3

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The beam which was mentioned, it must be wide enough to hold an ariah, and an ariah is half a brick of three tefachim.

It is okay for the beam to be a tefach wide so that it can hold the ariah sideways.

Mishnah 4

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It [the beam] must be wide enought to hold an ariah and strong enough to hold an ariah.

Rabbi Yehuda says it [the beam] must be wide enough, but it doesn't have to be strong enough [to hold an ariah].

Mishnah 5

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If [the beam] is made out of straw or reeds, view it as if it were made out of metal.

If [the beam] is bent, view it as if it were straight.

If [the beam] is rounded, view it as if it were square.

Anything [round] that is three tefachim in circumference, it has a width of one tefach

Mishnah 6

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The Lechis that were mentioned need to be ten tefachim high, and the thickness is irrelevant.

Rabbi Yose says that they must be three tefachim thick.

Mishnah 7

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One can make a lehi out of anything - even out of a living being - rabbi Yosei forbids this.

And it [the lehi made out of a living creature] imparts tumah (impurity) like a gravestone, but rabbi Meir says it is tahor (pure).

It is acceptable to write a bill of divorce [on a living animal]. Rabbi Yosei of the Galil doesn't allow this.

Mishnah 8

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A caravan that is camped in a valley and is surrounded by animal related objects can carry within [that perimeter] only if the fence is 10 tefachim high and the gaps aren't larger than the walls.

Any gap that is 10 amot is permitted because it is like a door; larger than that is forbidden.

Mishnah 9

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Surround an area with three ropes, one on top of the other, and there isn't [a gap of] 3 tefachim between one rope and another;

The ropes themselves must be a tefach and a little bit - the whole thing must be ten tefachim.

Mishnah 10

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They can surround with reeds, as long as there isn't [a gap of] three tefachim between one reed and another.

They spoke [specifically] about a caravan - so says rabbi Yehuda. The [other] rabbis say they were talking only about a caravan in the present case [as an example].

Any mehitza which is not [made of] vertical and horizontal [parts] is not a [valid] mehitza - so says rabbi Yose son of rabbi Yehuda.

The [other] rabbis say: one of [those] two things.

Four things [leniencies] are permitted in an army camp. They can take wood from any place, they are exempt from washing their hands, they [are permitted to eat] demai, and from making an eruv.