Translation:Mishnah/Seder Moed/Tractate Rosh Hashanah/Chapter 1/1

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Introduction

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Hebrew Text

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ארבעה ראשי שנים הם:
באחד בניסן, ראש השנה למלכים ולרגלים.
באחד באלול, ראש השנה למעשר בהמה;
רבי אלעזר ורבי שמעון אומרין, באחד בתשרי.
באחד בתשרי, ראש השנה לשנים לשמיטים :וליובלות, ולנטיעה ולירקות.
באחד בשבט, ראש השנה לאילן, כדברי בית שמאי;
בית הלל אומרין, בחמישה עשר בו.

English Translation

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The four new years are:
On the first of Nisan, the new year for the kings and for the festivals;
On the first of Elul, the new year for the tithing of animals;
Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Shimon say, in the first of Tishrei
On the first of Tishrei, the new year for years, for the Sabbatical years and for the Jubilee years and for the planting and for the vegetables
On the first of Shevat, the new year for the trees, these are the words of the House of Shammai;
The House of Hillel says, on the fifteenth thereof.


Explanation

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New years: The word in Hebrew used is Rosh Hashanah. It is translated as new year for the sake of simplicity.

Fifteenth thereof: The House of Hillel's view is accepted as the halakha, and the new year for the trees is thus recognized as Tu Bishvat, the fifteeth of the month of Shevat.